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The authors explore how books by African American & Asian American women are challenging the traditional boundaries of the public sphere. Their textual analysis focuses on four books: The Street by Ann Petry, Maud Martha by Gwendolyn Brooks, Floating World by Cynthia Kadohata, & Native Speaker by Chang-Rae Lee. They investigate how minority literature depicts the boundaries of the public & private spheres, how those boundaries reinforce & overlap with class & gender, & how the nation-state became involved in dictating those boundaries. They analyze how the private & public spheres are portrayed in the four texts, how females negotiate their positions within & between the public & private spheres, & how literary texts locate & represent the political & economic powers that shape women's lives. 22 References. A. Funderburg

Presents a Foucauldian genealogy of the convergence of women, nation, & empire in postcolonial discourses of religion, property, & selfhood in an analysis of the controversial case of 73-year-old Shahbano, a destitute Muslim woman in India granted a small monthly allowance by the government under a colonial secular code, that compares to the figure of the female as individualist in Daniel Defoe's Roxana (1724) & a silenced rape victim in the records of the East-India Co. The trope of the female as individualist in Defoe is read in the context of the history of colonialism as a structuration that reorganizes private & public space in colonial England. The text of the trial involving the rape of a woman in the premises of the East-India Co is interpreted as another instance of the covert exercise of colonial authority through the construction of distinctions between the personal & the legal. It is suggested that these arbitrary divisions ingrained in colonialist practice were undone by Shahbano, who was able to move between the bourgeois discourse of liberal rights & the Muslim shariat (family-related religious law). Her ambivalent status between these discourses is taken to explain her ability to provoke a national crisis. D. M. Smith

Black lesbian Audre Lorde (1982) produced a literary diary in which the boundaries between fiction & reality are blurred to evoke the strong relationship between the writer-autobiographical- & reader-self. It is shown that this form of writing allows a special kind of relationship to be forged between reader & text, as the boundaries between them are eroded. Five days of a personal diary are presented to demonstrate the interaction between text & author. As chapters of Lorde's book are read, questions, feeling, thoughts, arguments, & desires are spurred in the reader, which in turn compel her to write her own story. This interaction produces a kind of deep reflection on the author's status as a black lesbian feminist, which, while not formed in an academic structure, nonetheless serves to open new terrains for expressing one's feelings & ideas. 20 References. D. Ryfe

English: The research is dedicated to two questions: whether the media bearers without text, the books without letters and the entirely emtpty book could be called books and whether they could be readable. The medialogical analysis is oriented to the creative decisions for transformation of the emptiness or the silence into media, when the emptiness of the media body represents a metamessage about reading without eyes. It is made a systematical survey of a maximum wide spectrum of empty media – empty fine art, empty musical compositions, empty literary works, empty books, empty newspapers, and empty pages. There were discovered 13 reasons about the existence of a total or partial emptiness in media.