This article proposes a methodological reflection on the cultural symbolic dimension of local development processes, according to the development of more effective ways of planning and implementing them, according to sustainable lines of development both from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view, oriented according to a logic of continuous improvement. The reflection develops around three operational phases in which local development paths can be articulated, identifying for each of them specific objectives and strategies to guide the processes of shared representation of the territories and the possible paths of interaction between different local systems: 1) establishment and development of the network of local actors that can be involved in the process, 2) sharing of knowledge on the potential of the local system and definition of possible development paths, 3) sharing of knowledge on local systems with which to interact and definition of interaction strategies.
This article proposes a methodological reflection on the cultural symbolic dimension of local development processes, according to the development of more effective ways of planning and implementing them, according to sustainable lines of development both from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view, oriented according to a logic of continuous improvement. The reflection develops around three operational phases in which local development paths can be articulated, identifying for each of them specific objectives and strategies to guide the processes of shared representation of the territories and the possible paths of interaction between different local systems: 1) establishment and development of the network of local actors that can be involved in the process, 2) sharing of knowledge on the potential of the local system and definition of possible development paths, 3) sharing of knowledge on local systems with which to interact and definition of interaction strategies.
The article is about a urban conflict case on a settlement of Roma groups in the Milan Northern outskirt. In the first phase of the contentious dynamic, all the local actors shared the common interest in countervailing the urban blight and were not able to argue and talk together with the Roma who inhabits the area. Subsequently, it came a phase of continuous evictions and continuative resettlements of the same area. The dynamic was characterised by the recurrence of the actions and by the absence of coordination between involved actors. The story of this area has been relentlessly entwined with the story of its inhabitants - the Roma - also if spatial blights and social housing problems were not treated together by the Milan administration, which worked as usual by compartmentalize routines. Moreover, public policies towards Roma people were characterised by a "differential legitimacy". The Roma agency was not recognised, and lots of tensions emerged related to the problem of their political representation. The outcome of the contention was to multiply fatalism as a political and moral principle to evaluate the local public policy. Conclusions open up a question about a hypothetical eugenic matrix of local policy toward Roma people in Milan. ; L'articolo descrive un caso di caso di conflitto urbano relativo alla presenza di rom in un'area abbandonata nella periferia Nord di Milano. Ad una prima fase in cui gli attori - seppur condividendo il comune interesse ad invertire il degrado della zona - non sono stati in grado di interloquire con gli abitanti dell'area, i rom, è seguita una fase di continui sgomberi ed successive occupazioni dell'area da parte di rom. La dinamica è caratterizzata dalla ricorsività delle azioni e dall'assenza di coordinamento fra gli attori implicati. La vicenda dell'area si è intrecciata inesorabilmente con la vicenda dei suoi abitanti - i rom - anche se non è stata trattata congiuntamente dell'amministrazione comunale, la quale si è mossa seguendo le abituali compartimentazioni. ...
The article is about a urban conflict case on a settlement of Roma groups in the Milan Northern outskirt. In the first phase of the contentious dynamic, all the local actors shared the common interest in countervailing the urban blight and were not able to argue and talk together with the Roma who inhabits the area. Subsequently, it came a phase of continuous evictions and continuative resettlements of the same area. The dynamic was characterised by the recurrence of the actions and by the absence of coordination between involved actors. The story of this area has been relentlessly entwined with the story of its inhabitants - the Roma - also if spatial blights and social housing problems were not treated together by the Milan administration, which worked as usual by compartmentalize routines. Moreover, public policies towards Roma people were characterised by a "differential legitimacy". The Roma agency was not recognised, and lots of tensions emerged related to the problem of their political representation. The outcome of the contention was to multiply fatalism as a political and moral principle to evaluate the local public policy. Conclusions open up a question about a hypothetical eugenic matrix of local policy toward Roma people in Milan. ; L'articolo descrive un caso di caso di conflitto urbano relativo alla presenza di rom in un'area abbandonata nella periferia Nord di Milano. Ad una prima fase in cui gli attori - seppur condividendo il comune interesse ad invertire il degrado della zona - non sono stati in grado di interloquire con gli abitanti dell'area, i rom, è seguita una fase di continui sgomberi ed successive occupazioni dell'area da parte di rom. La dinamica è caratterizzata dalla ricorsività delle azioni e dall'assenza di coordinamento fra gli attori implicati. La vicenda dell'area si è intrecciata inesorabilmente con la vicenda dei suoi abitanti - i rom - anche se non è stata trattata congiuntamente dell'amministrazione comunale, la quale si è mossa seguendo le abituali compartimentazioni. L'azione pubblica nei confronti dei rom si è caratterizzata per una "legittimità differenziale". Ai rom non è stato riconosciuta agency, e sono emerse molte tensioni in relazione al problema della rappresentanza. L'esito del conflitto è stato quello di moltiplicare il fatalismo in quanto requisito politico e morale di valutazione dell'azione pubblica. L'articolo si conclude sollevando un quesito rispetto alla possibile matrice eugenetica delle politiche nei confronti dei rom.
L'Unione Europea nel 2013 ha approvato un nuovo apparato regolamentare che inserisce, nell'attuazione degli obiettivi dei Trattati in materia di coesione socio-economica e territoriale, la metodologia di sviluppo place-based, applicata in Italia dal Programma di Iniziativa Comunitaria Leader (Patti Territoriali). Per gli attori dello sviluppo locale in Italia si tratta di un passo indietro, in quanto diverso è l'approccio sin qui sperimentato. Sviluppo locale o sviluppo place-based: un concetto che è stato spesso al centro del dibattito politico in Italia negli ultimi venti anni, oggi anche nell'Unione Europea, e che riveste un ruolo storico di riferimento rispetto al tema affrontato nel volume, giacché in esso è stata tentata la traslazione della programmazione dello sviluppo locale partecipato, nelle modalità precedentemente sperimentate in Italia nella programmazione dei fondi strutturali 2000-06 con Patti Territoriali, Contratti d'Area e Contratti di Programma. Il modello di place-based è contrapposto a quello centralista e si differenzia da esso, tanto nell'approccio, quanto nel metodo e negli strumenti. Il primo assurge a protagonista dal cosiddetto partenariato istituzionale, il secondo concentra il momento della decisione delle scelte strategiche, nonché dello stesso controllo alle sedi centrali, tanto di tipo nazionale quanto unionale. Il volume intende essere una piccola, ma esauriente, cassetta degli attrezzi. ; The European Union in 2013 approved a new regulatory system that inserts, in implementing the objectives of the Treaties in the area of socio-economic and territorial cohesion, the methodology for place-based development, applied in Italy from the Community Initiative Programme Leader ( Territorial pacts). For the actors of local development in Italy it is a step backward, as different is the approach so far experienced. The place-based model is opposed to the centralist and differs from it, especially in the approach, as in the method and instruments. The first becomes the protagonist of the so-called institutional partnership, the second focuses on the moment of the decision of the strategic choices and the same control as headquarters, the National Union what kind.
Drawing on fieldwork research during 2004-2006 in Oliveto Citra, a small town near Salerno, this paper explores the conflicts that arise out of local actors struggle over growing control on religious tourism, related to the apparitional shrine, and hertitage tourism, related to the Archaeological Museum. The economical and political strategies of local élites produced the émotions patrimoniales that contest the right of the holy Virgin, Regina del Castello, to be the primary icon of local identity.
International audience ; In the energy transition process, district heating networks and wind farms play a key role. The technicians believe that the complementarity between these two methods of producing electrical and thermal energy can be a response to the problems of balancing the network during the transition phase. From the social point of view, these two technologies could contribute to establish models of co-provision involving new social actors in the energy field. Despite that, the their real socio-organizational change appears contradictory. In Italy, these options are dominated by large utilities and there are no cases of circularity between wind power and district heating. Furthemore, an Italian model of transition does not emerge, but many regional models, which give a non-univocal shape to the transition on a national scale. The influence of socio-territorial features on the energy transition seem relevant. For this reason, the chapter focuses on the institutional, relational and territorial dimensions to unfold how energy innovations take place within territorial contexts. In this respect, energy transition is investigated considering both the district heating and the wind power in Italy. ; Nei processi di transizione energetica, il dispaccio di energia termica attraverso le reti di teleriscaldamento e la produzione di energia elettrica attraverso l'eolico rivestono un ruolo centrale. I tecnici, infatti, ritengono che la complementarietà di questi due modi di produrre e distribuire energia può essere una risposta ai problemi di bilanciamento della rete nella fase di transizione. Da un punto di vista sociale, inoltre, queste due tecnologie potrebbero contribuire a rafforzare modelli di co-fornitura coinvolgendo nuovi attori sociali nel campo energetico. Tuttavia, la loro reale evoluzione socio-organizzativa appare contraddittoria. In Italia, queste due tecnologie sono dominate da grandi utilities e non si registrano casi di circolarità tra teleriscaldamento ed eolico. Inoltre, in Italia non sembra ...
Nei processi di transizione energetica, il dispaccio di energia termica attraverso le reti di teleriscaldamento e la produzione di energia elettrica attraverso l'eolico rivestono un ruolo centrale. I tecnici, infatti, ritengono che la complementarietà di questi due modi di produrre e distribuire energia può essere una risposta ai problemi di bilanciamento della rete nella fase di transizione. Da un punto di vista sociale, inoltre, queste due tecnologie potrebbero contribuire a rafforzare modelli di co-fornitura coinvolgendo nuovi attori sociali nel campo energetico. Tuttavia, la loro reale evoluzione socio-organizzativa appare contraddittoria. In Italia, queste due tecnologie sono dominate da grandi utilities e non si registrano casi di circolarità tra teleriscaldamento ed eolico. Inoltre, in Italia non sembra emergere un modello univoco di transizione, ma diversi modelli regionali, che danno vita tutti insieme e con pesi diversi alla transizione su scala nazionale. L'influenza dei caratteri socio-territoriali sembra rilevante. Per questa ragione, il capitolo si focalizza sulle dimensioni istituzionali, relazionali e territoriali per spiegare come le innovazioni energetiche prendono forma nei contesti locali. Queste dimensioni sono analizzate indagando la diffusione del teleriscaldamento e dell'eolico. ; In the energy transition process, district heating networks and wind farms play a key role. The technicians believe that the complementarity between these two methods of producing electrical and thermal energy can be a response to the problems of balancing the network during the transition phase. From the social point of view, these two technologies could contribute to establish models of co-provision involving new social actors in the energy field. Despite that, the their real socio-organizational change appears contradictory. In Italy, these options are dominated by large utilities and there are no cases of circularity between wind power and district heating. Furthemore, an Italian model of transition does not emerge, but many regional models, which give a non-univocal shape to the transition on a national scale. The influence of socio-territorial features on the energy transition seem relevant. For this reason, the chapter focuses on the institutional, relational and territorial dimensions to unfold how energy innovations take place within territorial contexts. In this respect, energy transition is investigated considering both the district heating and the wind power in Italy.
ITALIANO: Il saggio analizza le forme di legittimazione, esercizio e contestazione del potere signorile alla fine del medioevo non nella sua dimensione locale e nel quadro dei conflitti interni dello stato regionale, ma a partire dalla sua collocazione negli interstizi delle relazioni fra diversi stati. In particolare le dinamiche della frontiera offrivano ai signori opportunità per rafforzare il loro potere, ma generavano anche situazioni che ne mettevano a rischio la stabilità, e schiudevano ai sudditi ulteriori occasioni per contrastarlo. La prospettiva analitica adottata per considerare i rapporti di competizione fra la pluralità degli attori locali e centrali sarà quella della mediazione politica; la fonte privilegiata quella del Carteggio sforzesco, costituito dalla corrispondenza intercorrente fra questi soggetti. Con questa ottica e sulla base di una documentazione particolarmente ricca di elementi narrativi e descrittivi, si indagheranno le tensioni economiche, l'instabilità militare, le esigenze di mediazione diplomatica e di protezione degli individui che segnano i rapporti fra lo stato di Milano, il Vallese, la Lega svizzera e i Grigioni. Poi si approfondirà il caso della Val Formazza, per mostrare come anche i medio-piccoli protagonisti di questa variegata realtà locale dove il dominio signorile nel Quattrocento appare ormai molto logorato – una minoranza etno-culturale germanofona, costituita da montanari di modesta condizione sociale, insediata in un piccolo territorio di frontiera – riuscissero ad imporre il proprio controllo delle strade e dei valichi, e ad incidere significativamente al livello delle relazioni interstatal / ENGLISH: This essay analyzes the ways in which rural lordship was legitimized, maintained and sometimes contested in the late Middle Ages. The focus is not on the local societies and the political competition within the regional state, but rather on the position of seigneurial power in the interstices of international relations. Specifically, the dynamics of the frontier allowed the lords to enforce their power, but produced situations that put their authority in risk, providing opportunities for their subjects to contrast it. Political brokerage is the key to exploring the competition and the relationship between a variety of local actors and the state authorities. The source I selected is the Carteggio sforzesco, consisting of the written correspondence between these protagonists. From this viewpoint and thanks to records rich in narrative and descriptive contents, I will try to reconstruct economic tensions, military instability, the need for diplomatic agreements and for individual protection, that define the relationship between the Duchy of Milan, Valais, Switzerland and Grisons. Finally, I will go into depth in the case-study of Val Formazza, where the domination of the lords family was in decline during the 15th century, while local protagonists of this diversified local world – highlanders of lower social conditions settled in a peripheral valley forming an ethno-cultural minority of German speakers – were capable to control roads and passes, and to act successfully in the sphere of international relations.
This article investigates the evolution of the local development partnerships in Italy. In particular, we focus on a specific aspect of these cooperative experiences, ie., their consolidation as governance instruments of territorial development policy. The main aim is to reconstruct the internal processes that characterize the partnership experiences before & after their creation & to single out the main factors that affect them. On the basis of the empirical evidence provided by the study of the Territorial Pacts of the Province of Turin, the article presents an analysis of the political dynamics that have accompanied the evolution of these partnerships, focusing at the same time on the conditions that seem to facilitate or impede the persistence of the cooperation among public & private actors in local development policy. Adapted from the source document.
Over the two last decades, the regional policies have increasingly met the need to foster the economic competitiveness of regional and local economies, in order to face globalisation challenges. However, these actions have privileged the direct competition, oriented to catch investment and consumption flows by improving the regional/local attractiveness, than the indirect one, which is based on the social and institutional interplay involving the regional/local actors. The increasing relevance of the indirect competition brings back on stage the public sector, namely the various levels of territorial government. Yet, the most successful experiences in Europe demonstrate that this renaissance of the public guide in spatial policies is intimately linked to the involvement of local systems of actors and implies a 'constructed' idea of territory. This paper seeks to enlighten some features of this process, introducing the concept of multilevel governance and place-based policies as the basic building blocks of the regional policies.
From European policies to Local Government's projects for a Territorial Social Responsibility. The case of Marche Region Territorial Social Responsibility (TSR) is founded on the rediscovery of the values shared by economic, social and institutional actors within a territory. CSR-oriented partnerships between local and private partners can be considered as a new generation of policies which are the result of a common path founded on collaboration. The shift from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to collective responsibility sees institutions and organisations (public and private, for profit and non-profit) participating in a form of economic development that is socially and environmentally sustainable. Drawing from the above consideration, after having analysed how the concept of TSR has been adopted in the EU policies and in the Italian national plan, the aim of our research is the evaluation of Italian local government initiatives to promote Corporate Social Responsibility through public-private network. The empirical study is focused on the "Regione Marche" experience, which is an example of shared territorial governance and of a practive model aimed at promoting a territorial sustainable development
Il riconoscimento e l'attivazione di saperi differenti per la rigenerazione dei territori è da tempo un campo aperto di riflessione e sperimentazione per gli studi urbani. Mentre la ricerca appare impegnata a costruire contesti di senso nuovi in cui sperimentare la contaminazione con forme altre di sapere sia teorico che pratico, i processi istituzionali di costruzione di politiche sembrano faticare a scardinare ruoli e visioni consolidate. L'articolo, ripercorrendo le fasi della interazione tra rete locale e istituzione per la riqualificazione del quartiere ERP Giambellino Lorenteggio a Milano, si propone di analizzare gli esiti del processo rispetto al riconoscimento della competenza progettuale espressa dai soggetti territoriali. Al contempo, mettendo in luce alcuni nodi critici della vicenda, l'articolo riflette sulle dinamiche di interazione tra istituzioni e reti locali e sulle sfide aperte alla revisione degli approcci consolidati alla rigenerazione urbana. ; Despite a longstanding tradition of studies and research, non expert knowledge recognition and activation represent a challenging unsolved question. However, while 'in the field' research practices seem to be fertile contexts open to contamination, the institutional initiatives still express a strong trust in the expert technical-theoretical knowledge, with many difficulties in innovating visions and approaches. The case of Giambellino Lorenteggio redevelopment plan (Milan) shows an attempt to raise practical forms of knowledge at the level of the political and institutional debate with the aim of produce a new shared meaning of the urban transformation process. Beside the innovative and interesting outcomes of the research and consultancy phase, the process shows some critical aspects in terms of opportunistic approach to local actors enablement, asymmetry of power and approach to urban regeneration.
The Southern Caucasus is a power competition arena, a regional chessboard where the challenge posed by the Russian Federation to the US primacy is both reflecting and being played out. The resulting fluid and uncertain regional competitive scenario impinges upon local actors' foreign policy by restricting their freedom to maneuver. That is, the increasing Russian-US strife requires minor powers to make a clearer "battlefield choice" which, in turn, reinforces the trend towards regional and sub-regional strategic polarization. However, by deepening its "balanced" course of foreign policy, Azerbaijan seems to offer an exception to this trend. Starting from the features of the regional power competition, the article aims to highlight the essential characteristics of Azerbaijan's "balanced" foreign policy, demonstrating how the increasing power resources translated into greater resilience to environmental conditioning and into increasing margins of regional influence.
This second volume of Quaderni "Cesare Alfieri" offers a consideration on some basic aspects of our academic system. Among the many topics worthy of attention, the Scientific Committee has decided to put the accent on the theme of the relationship between universities and economic and social development. In response to the transformations and the dramatic downsizing of the higher education system, how is it possible to affirm the centrality of the education of the "human capital", aimed at the growth and cohesion of society? The essays gathered in the volume offer, each one from its own point of view, interesting insights and points of discussion on how, at the present time, universities can contribute to the economic and social development of a country in which territorial and social inequalities are deepening, despite reduced public resources, limited degree of autonomy and uncertain relations with other national and local actors.
