Suchergebnisse

Il rapido invecchiamento demografico e i conseguenti bisogni di assistenza di lungo periodo (LTC) della popolazione anziana sono tra le sfide più spesso evocate per giustificare la necessità di stimolare processi di innovazione sociale. L'articolo propone una riflessione sui nessi analitico-concettuali e di policy fra innovazione sociale e misure di LTC ricostruendo il policy framework sviluppato negli ultimi anni dall'UE. Si prendono in considerazione le linee guida promosse dall'Unione attraverso i suoi documenti ufficiali. Un quadro che permette di sollevare alcune brevi riflessioni sul caso italiano, letto in controluce rispetto al policy framework europeo.

The evolution of the "Italian development model" since the 1950s displays changing territorial bases; an issue that has fueled, at least among econo-mists, intense debates. A key feature of such evolution is the persisting dualism that, over time, has accompanied or conditioned economic develop-ment in the country. Other distinctive features of the model have gained centrality for limited periods (industrial districts, third Italy, etc.); they propose original analyses and solutions but not such as to avoid the country's descent into a more than twenty-year-long stagnation. And so, alongside the North-South gap, an external gap between the whole country (North and South together) and the rest of the European Union is rapidly widening; as a reaction, separate solutions are proposed, such as that of the Enhanced Fiscal Autonomy, which was blocked in 2018, but is now re-emerging in view of the post-pandemic period; or that of the «Recovery Fund», in clear conflict with the strict conditionality required by the European Union from the «great sick man of Europe». ; L'évolution du «modèle de développement italien» depuis les années 1950 a des racines territoriales changeantes; une question qui a alimenté, du moins chez les économistes, d'intenses débats. L'élément caractéristique de ce modèle est le dualisme persistant qui, au fil des ans, accompagne ou condi-tionne le développement de l'économie italienne. D'autres particularités de ce modèle ont occupé le devant de la scène pendant des périodes limitées (districts industriels, troisième Italie, etc.); celles-ci représentent des analyses et des solutions originales mais qui n'ont pas été de nature à éviter la descente du pays dans une stagnation qui dure depuis plus de vingt ans. Ainsi, à côté du fossé Nord-Sud, un fossé externe entre toute l'Italie (au Nord comme au Sud) et le reste de l'Union Européenne progresse rapide-ment; en réaction, des hypothèses de solutions séparées surgissent, comme celle de l'Autonomie Fiscale Renforcée qui, bloquée en 2018, resurgit désormais au vu de la post-pandémie; ou du «Recovery Fund», qui est en claire contr adiction avec les strictes conditionnalités posées par l'Union européenne au «grand malade de l'Europe». ; Geography and history of the economy in republican Italy. A long-term reflection The evolution of the "Italian development model" since the 1950s displays changing territorial bases; an issue that has fueled, at least among economists, intense debates. A key feature of such evolution is the persisting dualism that, over time, has accompanied or conditioned economic development in the country. Other distinctive features of the model have gained centrality for limited periods (industrial districts, third Italy, etc.); they propose original analyses and solutions but not such as to avoid the country's descent into a more than twenty-year-long stagnation. And so, alongside the North-South gap, an external gap between the whole country (North and South together) and the rest of the European Union is rapidly widening; as a reaction, separate solutions are proposed, such as that of the Enhanced Fiscal Autonomy, which was blocked in 2018, but is now re-emerging in view of the post-pandemic period; or that of the "Recovery Fund", in clear conflict with the strict conditionality required by the European Union from the "great sick man of Europe".

Since 2003, in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the European Union (EU) has deployed a growing number of crisis management missions, mostly civilian ones, in many countries and with different purposes: from support to police and security sectors, strengthening and reforming the rule of law, assistance to customs and boundaries etc. EU civilian missions are in charge of rebuilding or reforming a country's security sector according to European standard, values and practices. Given the EU's declared support of local ownership, the main aim of this research project has been to evaluate civilian missions' long term impact on the ground. The objectives of this project have been twofold: looking at the long term effects generated by EU engagement in the targeted countries and examining whether these reforms are sustainable or not and why. In order to assess impact, this research has taken into account the concepts of effectiveness and sustinability and it has analysed the perspectives of the EU- namely officials' observations and opinions on the effects accomplished, and that of the beneficiary country, i.e. local authorities' expectations and their points of view. Three missions have been chosen as case studies: EUPM (Bosnia-Herzegovina), EUJUST Themis (Georgia) and EULEX (Kosovo). The first two are completed missions (one has been a long mission, the other a short one); while the latter is still ongoing and thus it provideS an opportunity to examine how the EU works to increase the sustainability of reforms implemented and incorporating previous lessons learned. Beginning with an overview of the CSDP, then the research focused on the notion of impact and how it can be evaluated. At the same time, the thesis analysed the existing state of the art concerning EU missions evaluation, in order to stress key gaps in the literature and in the field. Later, the project concentrated on the analysis of the case studies by applying the criteria of effectiveness and sustainability and conducting qualitative interviews. Finally, conclusions summed up the main findings related to the issue of impact evaluation in CSDP missions and to the analysis of the case studies, evidencing light and shadows.

Cognition implies perception and judgement. Perception consists in interpreting a sensory stimulus: it is a common process in every animal with a brain, and can be described as a Bayesian inference where the interpretive algorithm is stored in long-term memory. Judgement, on the other hand, is related to the comparison between two perceptions which are coded in a language, in that short-term memory presents the first perception once again and compares it with the second. This operation is called inverted Bayes' theorem and while it does not presuppose an algorithm, it builds a new one using comparison. The book shows how the algorithmic leaps related to linguistic operations capture aspects of reality which cannot be reached through Bayesian chains of inference following the same algorithm. Nowadays, we experience the successes of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which, however, works thanks to a direct Bayes' theorem and speeds up recursive chains, but does not resort to algorithmic leaps; therefore, it does not contribute to human language.

Questo studio realizzato dal Centro Studi e Ricerche Economico-Sociali per l'Invecchiamento (CRESI) dell'IRCSS INRCA per conto del Comitato per il Controllo e la Valutazione delle Politiche afferente al Consiglio Regionale delle Marche, nasce con l'obiettivo di valutare il gradimento degli interventi e dei servizi socio-sanitari esistenti da parte degli anziani non autosufficienti e delle loro famiglie (caregiver). L'indagine, realizzata con la collaborazione delle organizzazioni sindacali dei pensionati FNP-CISL, SPI-CGIL e UILP-UIL, ha consentito di raggiungere 450 nuclei familiari distribuiti nei 13 distretti sanitari della regione Marche, scattando una "fotografia" dell'esistente, al fine di poter fornire indicazioni e raccomandazioni sulla riorganizzazione dei servizi rivolti a questa fascia di popolazione, anche alla luce dei recenti impulsi pervenuti dall'adozione del "Piano nazionale per la non autosufficienza". L'indagine si è svolta in due tranche. Nella prima, condotta nel periodo novembre 2019 – marzo 2020, è stato raccolto il quadro dettagliato del punto di vista degli anziani assistiti e dei loro famigliari caregiver. Nella seconda, svoltasi nel periodo giugno-agosto 2020, è stato realizzato un follow-up telefonico, mirato a cogliere l'impatto dell'epidemia da Covid-19 sui partecipanti della prima rilevazione, al fine di comprendere come l'emergenza sanitaria abbia influito sulle condizioni di vita e sull'assistenza ricevuta da questi anziani e dalle loro famiglie, onde poter meglio riorganizzare i servizi per la fase post-pandemica.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of demographic and occupational characteristics, anthropometric indices, lifestyle adopted and physical activity levels, free (leisure) or structured in the form of institutional training (Physical Education), sources of Stress and coping strategies, and the perception of the state of physical and mental health of the State Police of Puglia. Methods: The sample consists of 101 police officers (age 46.08 ± 5.66 years, weight 81.60 ± 14.04 kg, height 173.47 ± 6.14 cm) volunteers for this study. The Occupational Stress Indicator and the Short Form-12 were used, along with a questionnaire of socio-demographic, occupational and anthropometric data. Statistical analyzes were performed using descriptive analyzes followed by the analysis of multiple linear regression with the stepwise method. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: To follow an active lifestyle, practicing motor sports or sports at any level, especially in institutional training environments (Physical Education), can enable State Police operators to cope with stress by adequately increasing coping strategies. In addition, the beneficial effects of active lifestyle on some sources of stress and perception of the physical health status are mediated by some bio-anthropometric data, such as abdominal circumference, which inversely correlate with the intensity and continuity of the sports motorcycle practice Structured and motivated. Conclusions: These findings encourage Formation of the Order's Forces to adopt an institutional policy that allows police practitioners to regularly attend Physical Education, Adapted Physical Education programs to their age and working characteristics in order to maintain and improve their form Psycho-physical, performance and quality of life. Scopi: Il presente studio ha voluto determinare gli effetti delle caratteristiche demografiche e occupazionali, indici antropometrici, stile di vita adottato e livelli di attività fisica, libera (Tempo Libero) o strutturata sotto forma di percorso formativo istituzionale (Educazione Fisica), sulle fonti di stress e le strategie di coping, e sulla percezione dello stato di salute fisica e mentale degli operatori della Polizia di Stato della Puglia. Metodi: Il campione è costituito da 101 operatori di polizia (età 46.08 ± 5.66 anni, peso 81.60 ± 14.04 kg, altezza 173.47 ± 6.14 cm) volontari per questo studio. Sono stati utilizzati l'Occupational Stress Indicator e lo Short Form-12, insieme ad un questionario di dati socio- demografici, occupazionali e antropometrici. Le analisi statistiche sono state effettuate usando le analisi descrittive seguite dall'analisi della regressione lineare multipla con il metodo stepwise. Il livello di significatività è stato fissato a p<0.05. Risultati: Seguire uno stile di vita attivo, praticando attività motoria o sportiva a qualsiasi livello, soprattutto nei contesti formativi istituzionali (Educazione Fisica), può consentire agli operatori della Polizia di Stato di fronteggiare lo stress adeguatamente incrementando le strategie di coping. Inoltre, gli effetti benefici dello stile di vita attivo su alcune fonti di stress e sulla percezione dello stato di salute fisica sono mediati da alcuni dati bioantropometrici, come la circonferenza addominale, che correlano inversamente all'intensità ed alla continuità della pratica motorio sportiva strutturata e motivata. Conclusioni: Questi risultati incoraggiano i responsabili della Formazione delle Forze dell'Ordine ad adottare una politica istituzionale che consenta agli operatori di polizia di seguire regolarmente programmi formativi di Educazione Fisica Adattata all'età ed alle caratteristiche lavorative allo scopo di mantenere e migliorare la loro forma psico-fisica, la prestazione lavorativa e qualità della vita.

Background: The availability of family caregivers of older people is decreasing in Italy as the number of migrant care workers (MCWs) hired by families increases. There is little evidence on the influence of socioeconomic factors in the employment of MCWs. Method: We analyzed baseline data from 438 older people with moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), and their family caregivers enrolled in the Up-Tech trial. We used bivariate analysis and multilevel regressions to investigate the association between independent variables - education, social class, and the availability of a care allowance - and three outcomes - employment of a MCW, hours of care provided by the primary family caregiver, and by the family network (primary and other family caregivers). Results: The availability of a care allowance and the educational level were independently associated with employing MCWs. A significant interaction between education and care allowance was found, suggesting that more educated families are more likely to spend the care allowance to hire a MCW. Discussion: Socioeconomic inequalities negatively influenced access both to private care and to care allowance, leading disadvantaged families to directly provide more assistance to AD patients. Care allowance entitlement needs to be reformed in Italy and in countries with similar long-term care and migration systems. � 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.

The article discusses three issues, which are strictly interwoven to each other. Firstly, the relationship between the eyewitness memory for past events, their recording in institutionalized archives, and their reconstruction provided by historians is framed within a systematic perspective, in order to make clear in which sense the eyewitness constitutes the basic pillar of any historical work. Secondly, the role played by eyewitness of the Shoah is related to the "politics of memory". The social function of the latter is important not as a form of monumentalization of the past, rather as an attempt to improve a shared memory for an event –the Shoah− whose cultural and political meaning concerns above all the European heritage and not only the history of the Jewish people. Thirdly, the attempt to read the Shoah as an expression of biopolitics −in the foucauldian sense of the term− provides the frame for a discussion about contemporary forms of social and institutionalized violence, assuming that the compass of the Holocaust Studies and their methodology reach far beyond the phenomena related to the Shoah.

Concerned about their jobs in the Rabelj lead and zinc mine, the miners of Log pod Mangartom wrote to the Government of the People's Republic of Slovenia in February 1947 urging it to intercede on their behalf with the (Italian) administration of the mine to secure their employment. The author examines the miners' letter to the Government of the People's Republic of Slovenia through the prism of a community and its members living in a border area (amidst specific social and historical moments and their short-term intersection), by taking into account events of long duration that are manifested in the collective (social) memory of the inhabitants of Log pod Mangartom. Individuals and the community to which they belonged are not perceived as passive observers of the «great» history. Rather, the author's main intention is to demonstrate how individuals (and the community) used their life strategies, ways of life and traditions to oppose, change, adapt and subject themselves to each political change, and particularly to the new political and economic conditions established after the dissolution of the Allied Military Government and the annexation of the former Zone A (in the upper Posočje area) to Yugoslavia.