Suchergebnisse

During the 1990's and 2000's audience research departments at broadcasting companies and advertising agencies played a serious role in the development of Russian sociology of media. One such subsidiary is VGTRK's Audience Research Agency, founded by media manager and journalist A.G. Bystritsky, and which for a long time was run by sociologist A.V. Sharikov. The tasks of the Agency have repeatedly changed for 12 incomplete years of its work. They included secondary analysis of the results of TV audience measurement, expert surveys, audience qualitative studies, research expeditions to the Russian regions, etc. A special place among the Agency projects is held by the first exit poll in the history of Russian sociology (1993). Examined are the main periods and lines of activity of this subsidiary, its projects and the publications based upon them. Information is provided about the leading experts who participated in the agency's activities throughout the years of its existence.

This article outlines the key propositions and further prospects of the media event theory established by Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz in their 1992 book Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. The ritual approach they suggested, according to which media events are understood as large-scale televised performances meant to integrate society, has received a variety of alternative interpretations. The critique of media events' ceremonial model mainly follows three directions: (1) the restrictions of the neo-Durkheimian paradigm, which emphasizes the consensual nature of media events; (2) the narrowness of the initial definition of media events' genre and its three scenarios ("conquests", "contests", "coronations"); (3) consideration of media events as televised phenomena only, without taking into account other types of media and their interaction. This article shows that one of the possible extensions of Dayan and Katz's theory can be to develop the concept of transformative media events, which are understood as mediatized social dramas framing the renewal of the social order or its basic institutions. Special attention is paid to methodological difficulties involved in identifying the criteria of transformative media events. For instance, the matter of whether events which have not led to significant social changes (such as failed protest actions) can be considered transformative; whether the event's "vector" (progressive or regressive) should be taken into account; which levels and segments of social life allow for the emergence of phenomena which can qualify as transformative media events — all of these questions remain open. The article emphasizes that these conceptual difficulties are connected to the more fundamental problem of distinguishing between media events and non-media-events in the digital era. The conclusion contains some thoughts as to why the discussion about "the end of media events" is still far from over.

In our modern world electoral sociology, which is under constant scrutiny by the general public, as well as members of the media, in many ways shapes the image of sociology as a scientific discipline. Today sociology is often represented by media reports about the results of public opinion polls on the subject of politics and electoral affairs. Meanwhile a certain other trend is apparent: the high expectations imposed on electoral studies, as well as on their verifiability and efficiency, encourage the further development of sociological research and sociology in general. Scientific studies on electoral processes are defined by the convergence of various schools and paradigms of research, which implies an overlapping of different approaches and methods. This article presents the stages of electoral sociology's development, from "straw polls" to contemporary theories of electoral behavior (the straw poll stage, electoral sociology in the 1930's and 1940's, ecological analysis in electoral sociology, the behavioral approach, the sociological theory on electoral behavior, the socio-psychological theory of electoral behavior, the theory of instrumental rationality), which in modern electoral sociology are known as "post-Gallup" theories. The author reveals the main characteristics of each stage of modern electoral sociology's development, while highlighting its achievements and value, and giving a comprehensive analysis of modern theories of electoral behavior, with regards to issues located on the line between political sociology and sociology of law. Among these issues special consideration is given to elections as a political phenomenon, the political culture and political attitudes of the electorate, features of voting systems, political mechanisms and electoral technologies.

As a language phenomenon, literature resists being described in terms of linguistic units and structures. Of key importance is the aesthetic experience of language and its uses in context. The experience is particularly dependent on the changing formats of communication, the development of the technologies of production and distribution of texts. This dependency, in turn, creates fresh stimuli for creative experimental work with word and letter. The nature of these processes being largely pre-reflexive invites and presupposes the effort of reflection. The potential for 'self-problematization' contained in a literary text is a crucially important but yet largely unexplored aspect of its meaning and form. It invites a philologist to try out new analytic techniques. Perspectives of present day developments in cognitive literary studies are closely related to the so called 'material turn' and 'experiential turn' in the humanities. The means of poetic expressivity are transformed in the changing media field providing for the increasingly multisensorial experience of writing and reading. The alliance of literary scholarship with cognitive research in embodied and situated knowledge is promising of new fruit.

The article studies the metaphorical nature of the term "corruption" and represents a review of metaphors used for interpretation of the phenomenon of corruption in different historical epochs and in the modern political reality of Russia. The research is based on the analysis of modern mass-media texts of the period between 2000 and 2014 («Komsomolskaya Pravda», «Nauka i Zhizn», «Ekho», etc.). ; В данной статье эксплицируется метафорическая природа термина «коррупция», а также представляется обзор метафор, участвующих в осмыслении феномена коррупции в разные исторические эпохи и в современной политической действительности России. Материалом исследования являются современные тексты СМИ в период 2000-2014 гг. («Комсомольская правда», «Наука и жизнь», «Эхо» и т.д.).

English: The object of this article is the communicational interpretation of the cathedral as architectural, religious and semiotic complex. On the basis of the definition for media in the characteristics of the cathedral are defined its two genealogical of each media components – content and form. The analysis of theoretical and empirical sources leads to determination of specter of four media functions - a) the cathedral as a media for the non-writing man; b) the cathedral as a proto-television, c) the cathedral as a prototype of the hypertext; d) the cathedral as a holographic library. The conclusion is that the cathedral from a communicational point of view is a crossmedia between spacious, plasticity and muse arts, between architecture, sculpture, music, drama, dance and literature. The cathedral "text" is a multimedia of expressive means for influence over all human senses.

Связь между историей языка и историей общества состоит в том, что существуют особенности языка и языковых ситуаций, соответствующие определенным ступеням этносоциальной истории общества. В статье анализируются англоязычные заимствования политического дискурса медиа-текстов в русском языке рубежа веков, процессы их адаптации и функционирования.Заимствование является одним из самых динамических процессов русского языка, и в связи с активными общественно-политическими процессами в российском обществе исследование пласта заимствованной политической лексики представляется наиболее актуальным и интересным.Цель: описание заимствованной лексики в русском политическом медиа-дискурсе конца XX – начала XXI вв. и проведение ее тематической классификации.Методы исследования. Реализация цели и задач осуществляется с помощью описательного (приемы наблюдения, обобщения, типологизации исследуемого материала), сопоставительного и социолингвистического методов.Научная новизна заключается в описании и классификации заимствованной политической лексики медиа-текстов как направления современных лингвистических исследований.Результаты. Расширение русского лексического фонда рубежа веков происходит как за счет актуализации старых политических лексем, так и посредством использования в медиа-текстах новых иноязычных слов. Это дает возможность показать тенденции языкового развития, говорить о соотношении внутриязыковых и экстралингвистических факторов в определенные этапы развития.Область применения результатов. Материалы и результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практике преподавания лексикологии, неологии, а также в спецкурсах, посвященных проблемам межкультурной коммуникации и иноязычных заимствований в русском языке. ; The connection between the history of language and the history of society is that there are features of language and language situations that correspond to certain stages of the ethno-social history of society. The article analyzes the English-language borrowings of the political discourse of media texts in the Russian language of the turn of the century, the processes of their adaptation and functioning.Relevance. Borrowing is one of the most dynamic processes in the Russian language, and studying the layer of borrowed political vocabulary is most interesting and relevant in view of the active socio-political processes going on in Russian society.Purpose. The authors are aimed at providing a description of the borrowed vocabulary in the Russian political media discourse at the end of the 20th and early 21st centuries as well as perform its thematic classification.Methods of research. The realization of the goal and tasks is carried out with the help of the descriptive method that includes methods of observation, generalization, typology of the material being studied, as well as the comparative and sociolinguistic methods.The scientific novelty lies in the description and classification of the borrowed political vocabulary of media texts as a direction of modern linguistic research.Results. The expansion of the Russian lexical fund of the turn of the century is due both to the actualization of old political lexemes and through the use of new foreign words in media texts. This makes it possible to show the trends of linguistic development, to talk about the correlation of intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors in certain stages of development.Practical implications. The materials and results of the research can be used in the practice of teaching lexicology, neology, and also in special courses on the problems of intercultural communication and foreign language borrowings in the Russian language.

Growing tensions between Russia and the West modify the foreign policy of the Balkan countries. A typical example is the Republic of Serbia, which strives to maintain an equidistant position in confrontation of geopolitical centers, but it is forced to be in the wake of the foreign policy of Brussels as a result of holding the status of the EU candidate country. The imposition of sanctions has shown the lack of unity of EU member states on the issue of relations with Russia. Belgrade considers the support of sanctions against Russia as unacceptable and is interested in increase of the volume of agricultural products export to the Russian market. Position of Serbia could be explained not only by economic pragmatism, but by the fact of the long history of friendly relations between the two countries. Among the main challenges of the Russian-Serbian cooperation are difficulties in the development of energy dialogue, mainly caused by the cancellation of the "South Stream" project. The lack of security concerning natural gas supply after the probable suspension of Ukrainian supply route forces the Serbian authorities to make adjustments in energy policy, in particular, to accelerate the process of diversification of energy resources import. The West, therefore, has got a favorable opportunity to reduce the level of dependency of Serbia on Russian gas and, in general, to influence the potential of its cooperation with Russia in the energy sector.

Статья посвящена изучению взаимодействия институтов государственной власти и СМИ в процессе разработки и реализации внешней политики государства. В качестве исследовательской задачи была определена попытка проследить расширение сферы влияние средств массовой информации на мировую политику в историческом аспекте. ; Стаття присвячена вивченню взаємодії інститутів державної влади і ЗМІ в процесі розробки і реалізації зовнішньої політики держави. В якості дослідницької задачі була визначена спроба простежити розширення сфери впливу засобів масової інформації на світову політику в історичному аспекті. ; The main content and research of the article is devoted to study the interaction of government institutions and the Mass Media in development and realization of foreign policy. The study has an interdisciplinary character and written in a junction of political science and journalism. As a research problem has been identified an attempt to trace the expansion of the influence of media on world politics in historical perspective. The author cites specific cases of manipulation of public consciousness in recent history and in the history of the XIX and XX centuries. The paper analyzes the scientific research in this area. The author introduced a new concept that determines where information and communication technologies in recent history – «space less and timeless era» and gave a new concept of a specific justification.Based on the study attempted to analyze the problems of the processes leading to the activation of the major information activities in the international arena and the creation of special centers to promote national ideology abroad. Identified and justified the need for such centers in other countries in order to enhance information security. This trend is also supported by research into the U. S. role in the organization of network communication in modern society, drawing a parallel with the specific statements by U. S. officials. Discussed in detail the effect that make new forms of communication in the development of all spheres of life, and particularly in politics. Based on the analysis of case studies, the degree of participation of today's social networks in the organization of events of so-called «Arab Spring. » The main content of this part of the study is the analysis of the events in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Allocated and describes the characteristics and capabilities of Internet censorship. The article may be of interest to both journalists and political scientists, and has a practical value for the development strategy for the country's foreign policy in the future.

Статья посвящена изучению взаимодействия институтов государственной власти и СМИ в процессе разработки и реализации внешней политики государства. В качестве исследовательской задачи была определена попытка проследить расширение сферы влияние средств массовой информации на мировую политику в историческом аспекте. ; The main content and research of the article is devotedto study the interaction of government institutions and theMass Media in development and realization of foreign policy.The study has an interdisciplinary character and written ina junction of political science and journalism. As a researchproblem has been identified an attempt to trace the expansionof the influence of media on world politics in historicalperspective. The author cites specific cases of manipulationof public consciousness in recent history and in the history ofthe XIX and XX centuries. The paper analyzes the scientificresearch in this area. The author introduced a new conceptthat determines where information and communicationtechnologies in recent history – «space less and timeless era»and gave a new concept of a specific justification.Based on the study attempted to analyze the problems of theprocesses leading to the activation of the major informationactivities in the international arena and the creation of specialcenters to promote national ideology abroad. Identified andjustified the need for such centers in other countries in orderto enhance information security. This trend is also supportedby research into the U.S. role in the organization of networkcommunication in modern society, drawing a parallel withthe specific statements by U.S. officials. Discussed in detailthe effect that make new forms of communication in thedevelopment of all spheres of life, and particularly in politics.Based on the analysis of case studies, the degree of participationof today's social networks in the organization of events of socalled«Arab Spring». The main content of this part of thestudy is the analysis of the events in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya.Allocated and describes the characteristics and capabilitiesof Internet censorship. The article may be of interest to bothjournalists and political scientists, and has a practical valuefor the development strategy for the country's foreign policyin the future. ; Стаття присвячена вивченню взаємодії інститутівдержавної влади і ЗМІ в процесі розробки і реалізаціїзовнішньої політики держави. В якості дослідницькоїзадачі була визначена спроба простежити розширення сфе-ри вплив засобів масової інформації на світову політику вісторичному аспекті.

Intellectual history is a historical science that studies the intellectual activity of man, his ideas and theories, through culture and its media, taking into account political, historical and social aspects of life. This paper describes the formation and development of intellectual history. ; Интеллектуальная история – историческая наука, изучающая интеллектуальную деятельность человека, его идеи и теории, через культуру и её носителей, учитывая политические, исторические, социальные аспекты жизни. В данной работе описывается становление и развитие интеллектуальной истории.

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the regional identity models. Research materials include new media of the Urals ("URA.RU"), Tatarstan ("Tatar-inform") and Kaliningrad Oblast ("New Kaliningrad"). Identity is considered as a discursive concept realized through a set of identifications of diverse thematic areas modified by the supertextual categories of time and space. The author uses a critical approach and analyzes the construction practices of subject positions in the regional media discourse, which determine the selection and description of the objects and the key concepts. The comparative analysis has revealed the similarities and differences of the media texts of the three territories both in terms of the choice of discursive practices and the corresponding semantic content. The author makes a conclusion about the degree of actualization of common concepts. The territories are united by the landscape geographical principle of the selection of spatial objects, nominations of which serve as verbal codes of their "own". The temporal region identification is characterized by the inhabitants' retrospective orientation towards the past influencing the present. Narrative practices of construction of the local community history and its political identification in the present prevail. Intersections of political and religious discursive practices have also been detected. The key identifications of the Urals are somehow or rather connected with mountainous areas, of Tatarstan — with ethno-confessional and economic areas, of Kaliningrad region — with the regional history and architectural originality. ; Статья посвящена реконструированию моделей региональных идентичностей на материале новых медиа Урала («URA.RU»), Татарстана («Татар-информ») и Калининградской области («Новый Калининград»). Идентичность рассматривается как дискурсивный концепт, воплощенный комплексом идентификаций разнообразных тематических направлений, на которые накладываются сверхтекстовые категории времени и пространства. Используется критический подход, анализируются практики конструирования субъектных позиций регионального медиадискурса, определяющих отбор и описание объектов и ключевых концептов. Сравнительный анализ выявляет сходства и различия медиатекстов трех территорий как в наборе дискурсивных практик, так и в сопутствующем смысловом наполнении. Делается вывод о разнице в степени актуализации общих значений. Территории объединяет ландшафтно-географический принцип отбора пространственных объектов, номинации которых служат вербальным кодом «своих». Темпоральную идентификацию регионов характеризует обращенность жителей к прошлому, влияющему на настоящее. Преобладают нарративные практики конструирования истории местного сообщества и его политической идентификации в настоящем, обнаружены пересечения практик политического и религиозного дискурсов. Стержневые идентификации Урала так или иначе связаны с горной местностью, Татарстана — с этноконфессиональным и экономическим направлением, Калининградской области — с историей региона и архитектурной самобытностью.

The paper deals with the world epidemic reflection in mass media discourse. The information about coronavirus may be grouped under the following titles: 1) disease definition, its history and characteristics, 2) activities of the authorities to fight the epidemic, 3) prognoses of specialists concerning its development, 4) commentaries of internet users about it. Typical reactions to apocalyptic threat of today make up the following groups: 1) dissemination of information about the situation, 2) emotional response to the news, 3) tentative efforts to find rational or irrational explanation of the facts, 4) advice and recommendations, 5) reduction of information to comical absurdity, 6) insolent trolling the internet commu-nity for questionable self-affirmation. The reaction of the active network audience to the coronavirus news is often very emotional, explanations are both rational and mystical, authorities are blamed for their incompetence and corruption and they are politically charged; public anonymous discourse has a high degree of sarcasm and grim humor. The study shows that the social networking discourse and blogs have become an important component of media communication, and the attitude to the credibility of the news disseminated by mass media has changed: if the news published in a paper or transmitted over the radio or television were accepted by many people as true a few decades ago, now, in the post-modern era, fakes and facts occupy almost equal positions in news streams. ; Рассматривается отражение мировой эпидемии в медийном дискурсе. Информацию в интернете о коронавирусе можно разбить на следующие группы сведений: 1) определение заболевания, его история и характеристики; 2) деятельность властей по борьбе с эпидемией; 3) прогнозы специалистов по развитию заболевания; 4) комментарии пользователей интернета об этом вирусе. Установлено несколько основных видов реакций на апокалиптическую угрозу нынешнего дня: 1) распространение информации о положении дел, 2) эмоциональный отклик на новости, 3) попытки найти рациональные или иррациональные объяснения случившемуся, 4) советы и рекомендации, 5) сведение информации к комическому абсурду и 6) откровенный троллинг интернет-сообщества ради сомнительного самоутверждения. Реакция активной части публики на информацию о коронавирусе в значительной степени эмоциональна, объяснения происходящего носят как рациональный, так и мистический характер, обвинения в адрес власти сводятся к обличению ее некомпетентности и политически маркированы, в публичном анонимном дискурсе высока доля сарказма и черного юмора. Исследование демонстрирует, что сетевой дискурс и блоги стали существенным компонентом медийной коммуникации, изменилось понимание достоверности распространяемых сведений в сфере массовой информации: если раньше напечатанные в газете или озвученные по радио или телевидению сведения многими воспринимались как достоверные, то в эпоху постмодерна фейки и факты заняли почти равные позиции в потоке новостей.

В статье рассматривается репрезентация образа Японии, формируемого средствами массовой информации в сознании американского социума. ; The article is a systematic review of the history of the study of the representation of the image of Japan formed by means of the mass media in the consciousness of American society. The research describes and analyzes the works of modern domestic, as well as Western and Japanese researchers, which have not been translated into Russian before. A comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the image of Japan from the end of the 19th century to the 90s of the 20th century is proposed. To more accurately identify the causal-consecutive relationships between the events that took place and the ways of their representation, the entire period was divided into several stages: the late 19th century, the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905, the First and the Second World Wars, and the 70-90s of the 20th century. The author pays special attention to the specificity of the linguistic representation of the events that Japan was involved in during this period.

This article examines social media as a relatively new tool of electoral and political activity aimed at creating a positive image of political parties and candidates to the European Parliament. In the modern world of politics it is becoming increasingly important due to such factors as the growing number of World Wide Web users, the decline in the traditional media popularity and the rapid spread of new media, as well as the transformation of the Internet space into the platform for active political interactions. The key role in realizing the task of forming political image belongs to political institutions (parties, state bodies), politicians and social activists, as well as population representatives. The analysis of the efforts of various political subjects in the social media roughly demonstrates three functions of this new phenomenon: social media as a turnout increase tool, as a tool of increasing the recognition of candidates and parties by population; as a tool of informing the population about political and electoral processes in society. Currently, the main obstacle for the strategic research in this area is the fact that social networking technologies are rapidly developing, that embarrasses in making long-term prediction on its use. In spite of the absence of recognized criteria giving the opportunity to evaluate political activity in social media, the key efficiency criteria and success factor is so called "permanent presence" of electoral activity subjects in the Internet. (author's abstract)