Suchergebnisse

This paper is an introduction on the Causal Theory of Memory, one of the most discussed theories in philosophy of memory in the present days. We begin with Martin & Deutscher's formulation of the theory, in which the authors present three criteria in order for a given mental state to be considered an instance of memory, amongst them, the famous causal criterion, which stipulates that a memory must be causally connected to the past experience. Subsequently, we discuss if these criteria are necessary and sufficient for memory and we present two theories that complement these criteria with an epistemic and a phenomenological criterion, i.e., the Causal Epistemic Theory and the Causal Autonoetic Theory. We then introduce the concept of memory traces, which are, according to Martin & Deutscher, the causal link between the memory and the past experience which created this memory; we present the model of traces as structural analogues and the model of distributed traces and discuss the problems which arise for each of these models of traces. Afterwards we focus on the concept of causality and present the Causal Procedural Theory, which offers a different conception of causality that does not focus on the memory traces, but on causal process itself. Lastly, we present the theory called Discontinuism, a theory about the relation between memory and imagination, which follows directly from the Causal Theory of Memory.

The present paper discuss the new museological and museum practices in the city of Rio de Janeiro, as follows: o Museu de Favela Cantagalo Pavão-Pavãozinho; a Galeria Providência; e o Museu Nami. For the theoretical foundation we use Michel de Certeau. We also analyse how this experiences are lined by non orthodox theories of heritage, museums and memory. In this sense, we consider that the entry of new actors in the scene with an active voice about their stories and experiences creates new power dynamics, new models and new initiatives that sometimes escape tradicional models already estabilished and contribute to the fluid dynamics of heritage and memory. We also observe the will of the favelas to show themselves as a constituent part of the city. The paper merge empirical data and the theorical work of Sociomuseology.

The paper presents an approach of Case Based Reasoning, where it was born from the problems of human memory solution model, thus inspiring the creation of programs to address current problems. It is a technique that aims to solve a problem from the knowledge of past problems, comparing them with the new problem, and adapting well to a new solution. This will cover, from its definition, the techniques used, the stages of its development, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.

El modelo represivo predominante del terrorismo de estado aplicado por la dictadura cívico-militar uruguaya (1973-1984) fue la prisión política. Esta experiencia carcelaria fue tema de las ciencias sociales y de la literatura testimonial durante los primeros años de la restauración democrática. Dicho contexto histórico impuso su marca y frenó –en múltiples sentidos– la producción de testimonios. En este artículo se procura complejizar las narrativas hegemónicas sobre los presos políticos y su historia, poniendo énfasis en dos aspectos hasta ahora ignorados: el papel que cumplió la (homo) sexualidad en los procesos de construcción de un "nosotros" entre los detenidos en las cárceles, una vez consumada la derrota política de sus organizaciones; y algunas formas de negociación de sus prácticas dentro de la "cultura militante" que buscaron recrear en el marco carcelario. Palabras clave: presos políticos; homosexualidad; memoria; homofobia; izquierda política Homosexualidad y cárceles políticas uruguayas. La homofobia como política de resistencia O modelo repressivo predominante do terrorismo de estado aplicado pela ditadura cívico-militar uruguaia (1973-1984) foi a prisão política. Esta experiência carcerária foi tema das ciências sociais e da literatura testemunhal durante os primeiros anos da restauração democrática. Tal contexto histórico impôs sua marca e freou em múltiplos sentidos a produção de testemunhos. Neste artigo procura-se complexificar as narrativas hegemônicas sobre os presos políticos e sua história, pondo ênfase em dois aspectos até agora ignorados: o papel que cumpriu a (homo) sexualidade nos processos de construção de um "nós" entre os detidos nos cárceres, uma vez consumada a derrota política de suas organizações; e algumas formas de negociação de suas práticas dentro da "cultura militante" que procuraram recriar no quadro carcerário. Palavras-chave: presos políticos; homossexualidade; memória; homofobia; esquerda política Homosexuality and political prisoners in Uruguay: homophobia as a tool of resistance Political imprisonment was the predominant repressive model of state terrorism applied by the Uruguayan military dictatorship (1973-1984). The experience of incarceration became a topic for social science and testimonial literature during the early years of democratic restoration. That historical context left its mark, limiting in multiple ways the production of testimonies. In this paper I reexamine hegemonic narratives of political imprisonment, emphasizing two aspects so far ignored: the role played by (homo)sexuality in the construction of a group identity among political prisoners after their political organizations had been defeated, and the ways their practices were negotiated within the "militant culture" that was recreated in the prison context. Keywords: political prisoners; homosexuality; memory; homophobia; political left