The rights of children are outlined in article 24 of the Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union; the binding catalogue of rights which institutions and member states are bound to respect when applying EU law. Although this article has undoubtedly been taken very seriously since the Charter was adopted in 2000, there are indications that in a number of cases it has not been possible for children in the EU to exercise fully the rights it envisaged. One such case involves migrating Romanian children, and concerns have been expressed that the rights of this group of migrant children h
This report gives an overview of the international legal framework containing norm relevant to the protection of child migrants. Particular focus is on the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), since this widely ratified instrument constitutes the most all-encompassing basis for the protection of children, including children who are outside their State of origin. The report provides a detailed examination of the rights found in the CRC which are of a particular relevance to migrant children. Furthermore, a review of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families in the context of working children, and of other Human Rights and International Criminal Law instruments are included. The report aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the international norms which form the legal basis for the effective protection of children on the move, taking into consideration the specific situation of these children: their resourcefulness and their vulnerability alike.
Every generation or so, we are served a compelling reminder of migrant farmwork and of the men, women, and children whose daily hardships put the food on our tables. Now to the ranks of John Steinbeck, Dorothea Lange, James Agee, Walker Evans, and Edward R. Morrow, add Nancy Buirski. Nancy Buirski traversed the country for four years to create this book, a sensitive portrait of a forgotten society. Her subject is the unique lives of those she has photographed: migrant farmworker children. They are the children caught in a life of poverty and backbreaking work whose moves from place to place leave them lacking in self-confidence and lagging behind in school. at sunrise, many can be found in the fields, where they are exposed to dangerous pesticides as they work. At day's end, exhausted, they go home to substandard shacks. The children in these pages are appealing and heroic and not easily forgotten. It is not often these days that pictures can make us think. Buirski's elegant and interpretive photographs show us the private realities as well as the social realities of these unchampioned children and let us see what is happening to the thousands of underage youngsters working today in America's farms.--From jacket flap
"The growing crisis of refugee and migrant children presents, for the first time, comprehensive, global data about refugee and migrant children--where they were born, where they move and some of the dangers they face along the way. The report sheds light on the truly global nature of childhood migration and displacement, highlighting the major challenges faced by child migrants and refugees in every region."--Publisher's website
With unprecedented numbers of children on the move in search of safety, Protecting Migrant Children explores the complex legal and human rights issues that arise when children cross borders as migrants. It critically examines the strengths and weaknesses of international and domestic laws with the aim of identifying best practice for migrant children. The book brings together an interdisciplinary and multinational group of experts to assess the nature and root causes of child migration in different parts of the world, featuring national and comparative case studies in Australia, Canada, Europe, the United States and parts of Asia and Africa. The contributors address systematically the many challenges experienced and posed by young people who cross borders in search of protection, or a better quality of life. Identifying the many universal issues facing states who play host to these children, the book lays the foundations for new paradigms in law, policy and practice in the reception and management of child migrants, refugees and victims of trafficking. Topical and engaging, this book is an important resource for academics and students in human rights law; migration and refugee law; the administrative and procedural issues of refugee law, and comparative law; as well as in the social sciences and health sciences. Policymakers and workers within the community sector will also find this book stimulating and informative
Unaccompanied migrant children are the most vulnerable group of migrants and refugees. Their experiences, their contested legal status in the host countries, and their treatment before, during, and after migration call for an ethics of child migration that places unaccompanied migrant children at the center. This volume gathers international experts from the fields of social work, social science, law, philosophy, and Catholic ethics. Social science, psychological, and social work studies, analyses of US and international law of child migration, refuge and asylum policies, and several case studies regarding law enforcement highlight the more recent shifts in policies both in the United States and Europe. The current policies are confronted with two major normative frameworks that go beyond migration laws or the international refugee and asylum provisions: the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, and the approach of the Catholic social ethics of migration. The authors address the challenges of childhood under the conditions of migration: the uprooting of lives, the journey and transition into foreign countries and cultures, and the transition into adulthood. They discern the legal provisions and obstacles of the immigration process, the securitization of the borders, and the criminalization of unaccompanied migrant children. Catholic social ethics, the theological authors argue, must offer more than its pastoral call for charity, solidarity, and compassion that is already in place, inspiring multiple Catholic organizations, groups, and individuals. The Christian emphasis on family rights and values, originating in the story of the Holy Family, is necessary, yet insufficient when children are separated from their parents--instead, children must be recognized as vulnerable agents in their own right, and the moral dilemmas families sometimes face be acknowledged. US and European policies must be informed by the interpretation of justice, and the principle of the common good must be held against the firewalling of the West. As a political ethics, Catholic social ethics must critique and reject the use of the Christian religion for nationalist policies and depictions of migrant children as a threat to the cultural identity of Western societies
Chapter 1: Background to the nature of international migration in the african continent and zimbabwe -- Chapter 2: Geo-physical and the socio-economic learning environments for migrants'children: converging experiences of migration and marginality on the education of boys and girls in bulilima and mangwe -- Chapter 3: Gender and the nature of migration: absence of one or both parents -- Chapter 4: Effects of migration elsewhere and zimbabwe -- Chapter 5: Educational challenges of migrants' children at home and school: teachers, leaners and caregivers' perspectives -- Chapter 6: Low cost" boarding and "child renters": boys and girls schooling in risky physical and social environments in bulilima and mangwe -- Chapter 7: Children belonging to "no one": learners trapped in strained and suspicious relationships -- Chapter 8: The impact of migration on the family and childrens' rights: gendered perspective -- Chapter 9: "Silent wars" between migrants' children and teachers, teachers and migrant parents: gendered 'war' -- Chapter 10: Intervention strategies for equity in education: syncronised and co-ordinated model to help learners cope with absence of parents due to migration in zimbabwe -- Chapter 11: Implications of the book.
Uncorrected vision is prevalent among rural children and those who migrate from rural areas to urban areas with their parents in China, of which more than 20 per cent are nearsighted. Since 2012 the Rural Education Action Program (REAP) has carried out the largest empirical vision care project ever conducted in China. More than 20,000 children in different parts of China have been screened and about 5,000 pairs of eyeglasses have been dispensed to those who are nearsighted. REAP has been able to create a comprehensive picture of vision care for rural and migrant children in China. The successfully implemented project so far has provided valuable lessons for treating vision problems. First, wearing eyeglasses can remarkably improve children's educational performance and self-confidence. Second, in contrast to widespread opinion in rural China, eyeglasses are by no means harmful to children's eyesight. Third, and in contrast to another myth, specific 'eye exercises' used as a traditional alternative to eyeglasses cannot slow the onset or progression of myopia. Finally, teacher incentives to encourage children to wear eyeglasses will improve rates of eyeglasses usage, help to overcome vision problems and thus lower educational barriers. Based on these findings, researchers of the project are currently working with local governments in rural China to incorporate vision care into the healthcare agenda.
Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Clinical Sociology and Its Application to Analysis of Unaccompanied Children -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Bigger Picture -- 3 The Clinical Sociology Approach -- 4 Resilience in Unaccompanied Children -- 5 Reasons for Being an Unaccompanied Child -- 6 Challenges Experienced by Unaccompanied Children and Benefit of the UNCRC -- 7 The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 8 Organizational and Provider Responses -- 9 Summary -- References -- A World Society Analysis of the Rights of Unaccompanied Minors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Situation -- 2.1 Clinical Sociology -- 2.2 World Society Approach -- 3 Current Challenges Unaccompanied Children Face -- 3.1 International Treaties -- 3.2 General Comments -- 3.3 UN Guidelines -- 4 Interventions and Resources -- 4.1 Laws -- 4.2 Programs and Resources -- 4.3 Persistent Gaps -- 5 Relevance of a Clinical Sociology Approach -- 6 Relevance of the UNCRC -- 7 Summary and Recommendations -- References -- UN Treaties and Documents -- International State Responsibility Obligations to Protect and Provide Access to Justice for the Asylum-Seeking Child: The CRC ... -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sociological and Legal Approach (Socio-legal) -- 1.2 The Unaccompanied Child´s Legal Standing -- 1.3 Protracted Refugee Status -- 1.4 The Proffered Protection Framework -- 2 History of the Issue/Problem -- 2.1 Literary Presence -- 2.2 The Law -- 3 Current Situation: Case Study -- 3.1 Border Case Study, #1, Bangladesh/Myanmar, ASEAN Charter States -- 3.1.1 Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) -- 3.2 Myanmar -- 3.3 Bangladesh -- 3.4 Border Case, #2, Republic of Côte d´Ivoire, the Ivory Coast of Africa -- 3.5 Côte d´Ivoire Refugees in Liberia -- 3.6 Case Study, #2, Australia/Oceania sub-region -- 3.7 Border Case #4, the United States/Mexico Border.