Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Zusammenhang von Migration und Entwicklung unter besonderer Berücksichtung verschiedener entwicklungstheoretischer Diskurse. Im ersten Teil wird aufgezeigt, wie die Verbindung zwischen Entwicklung und Migration im Allgemeinen dargestellt wird. Im Anschluss daran zeigt der Autor dann einige Methoden, die dieses Verhältnis erschüttern. Die nächsten beiden Abschnitte bieten erste Ansätze für eine Neudefinition der Begriffe Entwicklung und Migration. (ICD)
1. Deterritorialisation of Keralam : economy, society and polity / K.N. Harilal and C.S. Akhil -- 2. Resettlement of Indian transnational labour migrant families of Gulf : questions of income, neoliberal subjectivity and oikonomia / Shareena Banu C.P. -- 3. The need for systemic reform in migrant labour recruitment / Ray Jureidini -- 4. Institutional strengthening of the offices of labour attaches of India in Gulf : field experiences from the United Arab Emirates and Qatar / S. Irudaya Rajan and Arya Suresh -- 5. Contemporary Indian labour migration in the GCC region : emerging challenges and opportunities / George S. Naufal, Froilan T. Malit Jr. and Ismail H. Genc -- 6. Working and living conditions of migrant workers in the GCC / Abdoulaye Diop, Kien Trung Le and Michael C. Ewers -- 7. Are India's policies increasing the vulnerability of its female migrants in the Arab Gulf countries? / Radhika Kanchana -- 8. Coming to Qatar : a snapshot of the experience of Indian labour migrants / Arjun S. Bedi, S. Irudaya Rajan and Ganesh Seshan -- 9. Tamil emigrants in the United Arab Emirates / Chitra Ranganathan -- 10. Protection of labour migrants at destination countries : a note on the Indian community welfare fund / T.L.S. Bhaskar -- 11. A profile of second-generation Indian high school students in Kuwait / Nasra M. Shah -- 12. Gulf migration in a time of regulation : do migration controls and labour market restrictions in Saudi Arabia produce irregularity? / S. Irudaya Rajan and Jolin Joseph -- 13. The micropolitics of Indian recruitment agencies : India-Gulf migration from a local Indian perspective / Mary E. Breeding -- 14. Gulf migration beyond the economic lens : configuring the neoliberal self / Laavanya Kathiravelu -- 15. Evaluating population estimates for migrants in the United Arab Emirates : a demographic analysis of a migration-driven population / Katharine A. Allen -- 16. Emigration and remittances : results from the sixth Kerala migration survey / K.C. Zachariah and S. Irudaya Rajan -- 17. Contested urban landscapes : development-induced displacement, involuntary resettlement and state violence in Kochi, Kerala / K. Indu and S. Irudaya Rajan -- 18. Cross-border migration and conflicts in Assam / Rikil Chyrmang -- 19. Appraisal of MGNREGP on distress migration in Andhra Pradesh / Vijay Korra -- 20. Factors associated with long-distance labour migration : a study on Bengali construction workers in Kerala / Md. Selim Reja and Bhaswati Das.
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This paper summarizes the latest information on both stocks and flows of migrants in Europe, focusing specifically on arrivals from developing countries. It starts out by setting this into its historical context by showing how flows of labour migrants were followed by flows of family members, and later by asylum seekers and refugees. Then it looks more closely at recent migration data, though it finds these to be frequently incomplete and inconsistent.The most comparable cross–national data come from the OECD and Eurostat, which indicate that Germany had the largest flows of migrants in the 1990s followed by the United Kingdom. In addition to these arrivals there are probably between 2 and 3 million undocumented immigrants in Europe – accounting for 10 to 15 per cent of the total population of foreigners. The paper also traces the countries from where immigrants are leaving. Sources vary considerably from one immigration country to another, reflecting a number of factors, of which the most important are former colonial links, previous areas of labour recruitment, and ease of entry from neighbouring countries. In recent years, however, immigrants have been coming from a wider range of countries and particularly from lower–income countries.The paper also examines changes in immigration policy. National policies were fairly liberal during the 1950s and 1960s, before becoming restrictive from the 1970s on. Recently, however, a number of governments have been revising their policies to take better account of employment and demographic needs. The paper also traces the emergence of a cross–national European response to immigration, as European Union (EU) countries have become more concerned about their common external frontier.Thus far European countries have done little to try to control migration through cooperation with sending countries. They could, for example, direct Official Development Assistance to those countries most likely to send immigrants, though few appear to have done so in a deliberate fashion.The paper concludes that in the future immigration to the EU is likely to increase, both as a result of the demand for labour and because of low birth rates in the EU. In the short and medium term many of these requirements are likely to be met by flows from Eastern Europe, particularly following the eastward expansion of the EU. But, the longer–term picture will probably involve greater immigration from developing countries.
1. Introduction -- 2. Explaining migration across international borders : determinist theories -- 3. Explaining migration across international borders : integrative theories -- 4. Geo-political economies of migration control -- 5. Geographies of migration, work, and settlement -- 6. Geographies of migration, citizenship and belonging -- 7. Conclusions.
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Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Verknüpfung von internationaler Migration und Sicherheit vor und nach dem 11. September. Welche Folgen ergeben sich daraus für Migranten und die Integrationspolitik? Der Autor untersucht zunächst aus einem historischen Blickwinkel, wie es möglich wurde, dass internationale Migration als ein Sicherheitsproblem betrachtet wurden. Besondere Berücksichtigung findet dabei die Zeit nach dem Kalten Krieg. Der zweite Abschnitt beleuchtet kurz einige Konsequenzen, die sich aus der Verknüpfung von internationaler Sicherheit und Migration ergeben. Im dritten Abschied widmet sich der Autor den Konsequenzen für bestimmte Gruppen von Einwanderern, besonders den Muslimen.
