Suchergebnisse

Раздел "Международные экономические отношения" ; Migration is defined as the movement of people across some territorial borders. It should be noted that one can differentiate as to the status of the borders crossed (internal and external), the duration (permanent, temporary, seasonal, fluctuation migration) and as to the reasons which determine migration (voluntary and forced migration). The problem of forced migration is rooted in the past and remains topical now. The world has not become much more humane and wars still remain the main reason of forced migration. However, refugees emerged not only during the wars. Frequent plague epidemics forced whole towns and regions to flee where they could to wait till the epidemic was over. Nowadays ecological catastrophes have come to replace epidemics and natural disasters as a reason for the forced outward movement of people. Whatever the reasons for forced migration may be, along with the desire to survive migrants strive to raise their standard of living as well. This is proved by the special attraction some countries present for migrants. These are such countries as the USA, Canada, Australia, the countries of the Middle East, the developed countries of Western Europe. The Russian Federation has not kept aloof either. After the disintegration of the USSR Russia has turned into one of the centres for migration. On the one hand, hundreds of thousands of the former Soviet citizens left it to take up for permanent residence in Israel and Germany. On the other, there are over 1 million of foreigners on its territory at any given time, most of these people becoming aliens after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It should be also noted that legislation in the CIS countries on forced migration urgently needs improving. This is confirmed by the fact that a number of republics and regions of Russia, while subjects of the state, had to adopt their own normative acts in this sphere to compensate temporarily for the lack of federal legislation. The consequences of forced migration are ambivalent. They can have both a positive and a negative impact on the host country's economy.

Der Schritt, in ein anderes Land zu gehen, bringt manche Unsicherheiten mit sich. Niemand weiß das besser als Sie selbst. Um Ihnen den Start und das Einleben in Ihrer neuen Umgebung leichter zu machen, wurde dieses Handbuch für Sie gemacht. Wir möchten Sie und Ihre Familie dabei unterstützen, sich schnell im privaten und im öffentlichen Leben in Deutschland zurecht zu finden. Dieses Handbuch wird dazu beitragen, dass Sie Formalitäten einfacher und unkomplizierter erledigen können. Besonders für die ersten Monate Ihres neuen Alltags in Deutschland finden Sie hier viele wichtige Informationen. Aber auch - ebenso wissenswerte wie interessante - Stichworte und Erläuterungen zu gesellschaftlichen und politischen Ereignissen von denen Sie in Zeitungen, Radio und Fernsehen oder bei Gesprächen am Arbeitsplatz möglicherweise lesen und hören werden. Was ist ein "Einwohnermeldeamt" und was bedeutet das "Ausländergesetz" für Sie, wie ist das mit der "Krankenversicherung" und wie erfahren Sie, welche "Steuerklasse" die richtige für Sie ist? Wie ist das mit dem "Kindergarten" für Ihre Kinder, was ist der "TÜV" und was bedeutet die Abkürzung "GEZ"? Wie kommen die Elektrizität, der Telefonanschluss und das Internet in Ihre neue Wohnung, wer sind der "Deutsche Michel", "Max und Moritz", die "Tigerente" und "Willy Brandt". Und nicht zuletzt: welche Möglichkeiten der demokratischen Beteiligung haben Sie? Welche Bedeutung hat die "Zweitstimme" und was ist das "kommunale Ausländerwahlrecht"? Sie werden sehen: Vieles ist weniger kompliziert, als es sich anhört. Der Kabarettist Karl Valentin hat es in einem Wortspiel formuliert: "Fremd ist der Fremde nur in der Fremde". Diese Broschüre soll Ihnen bei einem möglichst schnellen Einleben in Deutschland helfen. Damit das Wörtchen "fremd" für Sie möglichst schnell zum Fremdwort wird.

Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Вопросы миграции и беженцев" ; Failing to find legal channels mass migration in a number of cases has started to use illegal ones. The current increase in these activities is closely connected with the formation and functioning of organized criminal groups for the transportation of migrants from the third countries. Illegal migration should be considered as a global issue concerning all states and constitutes a threat to the global community. Experience worldwide has shown that in the majority of countries suffering from migration pressure migration rates exceed the states' potential to regulate the migration processes and to cope with their consequences. The author notes that what is most urgent today is to address the issue of the development of international norms to expand the legal basis for international organizations to control the observance by the states of the universal norms and standards in the sphere of migration as well as the adoption of sanctions to be imposed on those states which ignore international legal norms and conduct a policy that is likely aggravate the migration situation in their region. The author considers the issues of combatting illegal migration and discusses ways of raising efficiency of the measures undertaken to combat migration within the European community. Similarly, the author throws light on the cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with many European countries and international organisations operating in Europe. Western European countries strive to involve Belarus in a wider context in the control of migration processes since the country plays one of the key roles in the solution of the migration problems in the European region due to its geopolitical location (especially with regard to the recent expansion of the EU). The article explores the system of international legislation defining principles and basic mechanisms of combatting illegal migration, the cross-border cooperation in this field; it reveals new trends in migration policy, describes the drawbacks of the practice of tightening migration control and the side effects of such measures in an form in the increase of the number of asylum-seekers and of other migrants to some countries along with their decrease in others, a development that leads to an extreme aggravation of the migration situation in the region on the whole. These processes are tied with the dynamics of illegal migration. The article discusses the issue of further improvement and development of the international legal base of international cooperation to regulate and combat migration in its legal forms, to work out of a single strategy that combines approaches for the control of migration processes, to counteract negative phenomena, to adopt legislation and create to ensure that the rights of migrants' are observed and protected.