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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to construct a comprehensive model capable of simulating spatial unemployment disparities. The key feature of the model is that it simultaneously deals with commuting and migration. Much of the existing literature simply models one adjustment mechanism at a time. This paper adopts a micro‐simulation approach to build a model which can deal with equilibrium and disequilibrium unemployment disparities in a context where commuting and migration are possible. The model is then used to demonstrate the importance of considering both types of flows and to guide future empirical and theoretical work in the area.

In the century preceding World War I, the world experienced a series of gold rushes. The wealth derived from these was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry. While gold mining itself was generally unprofitable for diggers and mine owners, the increase in the world's gold supply stimulated global trade and investment. In this introductory article we integrate the histories of migration, trade, colonisation, and environmental history to identify endogenous factors that increased the world's gold supply and generated sustained economic growth in the regions that were affected by gold rushes.

Chinese gold seekers were the largest non‐British group on the goldfields of Australasia and constituted the largest nationality on some diggings. In considering the movement of Chinese miners to and throughout the goldfields colonies of the southwest Pacific, this articles argues there existed a more complex pattern of migration than that suggested by the sojourner model of arrival, brief stay and departure. It examines the links between migration patterns and economic activity, and argues that economic history perspectives complement the insights offered by recent social and cultural history in the field.

AbstractHumanitarian organizations dealing with migrants have long prioritized such people according to legal and institutional categories, therefore focusing on those fleeing conflict, violence or persecution. In a departure from this tradition, it was recommended at the 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent that the Movement should take an inclusive approach towards addressing the humanitarian dimension of migration, irrespective of the status of the migrants of concern. This article discusses the shift towards such an approach, and how it has been implemented in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies' migration policy.

La migration est une expérience critique qui contribue à éclairer les mouvements de recherche actuelle sur l'évolution des manières de faire famille : elle interroge le sens de la quête de l'altérité culturelle dans les dynamiques familiales. Traumatisme culturel et déritualisation exigent pour être dépassés un travail de culture et un travail sur la culture dévolus pour une partie aux familles. Si les faits historiques ont une incidence sur les formes prévalentes des fantasmes organisant les romans familiaux, la migration apparaît comme un mode de résolution de problématiques transgénérationnelles affectant la matrice familiale, ici et ailleurs.

Canada is a country whose history and urban areas have been critically shaped by immigration. Since the end of the Second World War, significant changes in both immigration policies and global migration patterns have contributed to the transformation of major urban areas in Canada. Immigrants in general seem to prefer settling in urban centres, and in this "new age of migration" Toronto – Canada's largest city and its primary "port of entry" for immigrants – has witnessed radical changes in its social, economic and political landscapes, becoming a "city of nations" and among the most multicultural spaces in North America and in the world.

"Der Beitrag ist wie folgt gegliedert: Im nächsten Abschnitt (2) werden der theoretische und empirische Rahmen der ökonomischen Wirkungen von internationaler Migration auf die Arbeitsmärkte - und davon abgeleitet die sozialen Sicherungssysteme - skizziert sowie die verwendeten Datengrundlagen für die empirische Analyse angesprochen. Danach folgt ein Überblick über die weltweite Migration im Allgemeinen und die nach Deutschland und Großbritannien sowie in die USA und nach Kanada als den jeweils beiden wirtschaftlich stärksten europäischen bzw. (nord-)amerikanischen Staaten unter den am höchsten entwickelten Ländern (G 7) im Besonderen (3). Anschließend wird der kurz- und längerfristige Arbeitsmarktzugang zu abhängigen Beschäftigungen von Zuwanderern international vergleichend dargestellt (4), bevor eine Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der wichtigsten aktuellen nationalen und internationalen empirischen Untersuchungen zu den Zugängen in die Sozialsysteme erfolgt (5). Der Beitrag endet mit einer zusammenfassenden Bewertung der wichtigsten Ergebnisse und mit daraus abgeleiteten Schlussfolgerungen (6)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Developmental dyslexia is a highly heritable disorder with a prevalence of at least 5% in school-aged children. Linkage studies have identified numerous loci throughout the genome that are likely to harbour candidate dyslexia susceptibility genes. Association studies and the refinement of chromosomal translocation break points in individuals with dyslexia have resulted in the discovery of candidate genes at some of these loci. A key function of many of these genes is their involvement in neuronal migration. This complements anatomical abnormalities discovered in dyslexic brains, such as ectopias, that may be the result of irregular neuronal migration.

The question of sexuality has not received much attention in migration studies, and (non-hetero)sexuality in relation to asylum has not previously been addressed in a Danish academic context. Drawing from Michel Foucault's notions of power and governmentality as well as postcolonial theory and its focus on othering and culturalization/racialization, this article explores processes of subjectification of asylumseekers and processes of objectification and regulation of non-heterosexuality through the technologies of what is analytically constructed and signified as the migration apparatus. These processes (re)produce dominant notions of sexuality and culture/ race.

L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser de façon simultanée, selon ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler l'approche multirégionale, les interactions entre le comportement de fécondité, de migration et de mortalité de chacun des principaux groupes linguistiques du Québec. Les résultats de cette analyse montrent que, sur la base du régime démographique observé au cours de la période 1976-1981, la migration a sans doute pour effet de réduire les disparités régionales dans le comportement de fécondité et de mortalité, mais que par contre elle amplifie considérablement l'impact démographique des disparités linguistiques de ce comportement.

Previous studies on determinants of social integration of migrants in the destination countries, and of interethnic partnerships in particular, converge in attributing importance to the same set of variables. This study aims at providing a further test of the generality of findings across different contexts using survey data of intra-European adult migrants, a group which differs in many respects from the hitherto mainly analyzed migrant groups. High-skilled labor, study, retirement, and "quality of life" migration are well represented, while low-skilled labor migration which dominates traditional research in the field is of minor importance, yet still present.

Club theoretic analysis of migration between asymmetric cities shows that centralized policy intervention is necessary to ensure the efficient allocation of people between cities. Quantity rationing and equalizing lump-sum tax-transfers are compared as policy instruments of central government. These instruments are found to differ in their effects on residential allocation and welfare. This is because lump- sum tax/transfers pool the welfare-creating potentials of cities thus affecting the efficiency condition. Therefore, lump-sum tax/transfers are superior to quantity rationing, and they also activate rather than stabilize migration.

A substantial portion of Guatemala's population—about 10—15 percent of a population of 12 million—emigrates to the United States. Although this northward movement has produced significant social change, few studies have examined it from the perspective of the increasing involvement of household structures in transnational migration processes. Ethnographic research focused on transnational families reveals the social relationships that develop between caregivers and children and between parents and caregivers because of the necessity for transnational migration and identifies the emotional costs of these arrangements.

This article presents selected results of a research project on irregular migration and migrants' irregular economic activities in the Czech Republic. The project explored several topics through quantitative as well as qualitative research techniques: a questionnaire survey (N=159) and interviews (N=37) with irregular migrants living in the Czech Republic and a Delphi survey among experts on migration. The article describes and explains the nature of migrants' irregular economic activities. It also provides a quantitative analysis of migrants' selected characteristics followed by a description and typology of relations within the so-called 'client' system.

The question of sexuality has not received much attention in migration studies, and (non-hetero)sexuality in relation to asylum has not previously been addressed in a Danish academic context. Drawing from Michel Foucault's notions of power and governmentality as well as postcolonial theory and its focus on othering and culturalization/racialization, this article explores processes of subjectification of asylumseekers and processes of objectification and regulation of non-heterosexuality through the technologies of what is analytically constructed and signified as the migration apparatus. These processes (re)produce dominant notions of sexuality and culture/ race.