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We study the 420 US drone strikes in Pakistan from 2006-2016, isolating causal effects on terrorism, anti-US sentiment, and radicalization via an instrumental variable strategy based on wind. Drone strikes are suggested to encourage terrorism in Pakistan, bearing responsibility for 16 percent of all attacks or 2,964 terror deaths. Exploring mechanisms, we distinguish between insiders (members of terrorist organizations) and outsiders (the Pakistani populace). Analyzing data from a leading Pakistani newspaper, anti-US protests, and Google searches, drone strikes appear to increase anti-US sentiment and radicalization: Outsiders seem to sympathize with insiders because of drone strikes.

Military intervention occurs in cases where external powers have vested interests in the outcome of an internal conflict in any given state. Yet these interventions often end with the defeat or the frustration of the intervening power(s). Using a series of both historical and contemporary examples, this article provides a framework for understanding the factors that lead to failure in military intervention, and seeks to inform understanding on this complex and controversial aspect of statecraft.

Notwithstanding the statements from the judiciary, within little more than a decade the executive branch of the United States government consolidated the old, and added several new, foundations for military intervention in the United States. It would be idle for a legal scholar to speculate whether any edifice of oppression is likely to be built upon these foundations, whether soon or later in time. A sufficient task for the legal scholar is to disclose that the foundations, although faulty, indeed are there; to explain how those foundations came to be laid; and, to show that they have no footing on the bedrock of our law.

Maritime strategy has always been concerned with the use of the sea for a purpose. In the modern world political and economic factors, the emerging international legal consensus, and the advances of technology affect the historical use of navies as instruments of national policy.

"First published February 1995"--T.p. verso. ; Shipping list no.: 95-0114-P. ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In a behavioral model of civil conflict, foreign military intervention alters the resources available to warring groups and their probability of winning. The model highlights the importance of distributional measures along with the modifying effect of the intervention for conflict incidence. The paper confirms empirically the finding in the literature that ethnic polarization is a robust predictor of civil war, but it also finds evidence that religious polarization is positively and significantly associated with civil conflict in the presence of foreign military intervention of non-humanitarian and non-neutral nature. Such external interventions exacerbate religious polarization, leading to high-intensity conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa region, but not in the rest of the world. These results suggest that, unlike in the rest of the world, where civil conflicts are mostly about a public prize linked to ethnic polarization, in the Middle East and North Africa they are mostly about a sectarian-related public prize. The results are robust to allowing different definitions of conflict, model specifications, and data time spans, and to controlling for other types of foreign military interventions.

In today's political environment, military intervention is frequently debated. These discussions often bring to light interesting points of agreement and per- haps surprising instances of disagree- ment. In the end, it is with the president that the final decision rests. Elizabeth Saunders explores the rationales that U.S. presidents have used for decid- ing whether or not to initiate military interventions. Dr. Saunders, a graduate of Yale, now teaching at George Wash- ington University, advances a thesis that the model of intervention depends mainly on a president's formative ways of thinking about foreign policy. While it may seem that these views would fol- low party lines, Saunders shows that this is not necessarily true. On one hand, the internal approach focuses on how the foreign state is organized and follows the transformative model.

This thesis examines theoretical explanations for why military interventions have taken place in the 'long-decade' following the end of the Cold War. International relations paradigms are evaluated in terms of whether their theoretical precepts provide a potential logical motivation for intervention in each case, based upon the available physical evidence and rational modelling. For the first time the importance of normative justifications for intervention will be assessed in terms of the likelihood of them forming the actual motivation for key decision-makers to make the decision to intervene, using the very rational and empirical methods utilised by critics of new world order claims and that have hitherto been shunned by its advocates. This thesis will attempt a measurement of the fit between theoretical models and empirical evidence in the form of analysis of case studies of "humanitarian intervention" or normative war fighting; a category particularly apt for study, as it can be made to fit with the world-views of all competing paradigms. ; TARA (Trinity's Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

A large body of research investigates whether democracies' decisions to intervene militarily are guided by external threats and strategic considerations or whether domestic factors play the predominant role.

How can the West continue to shape international order without over-committing itself to ruinous and ambiguous operations on the scale of Iraq and Afghanistan? This article addresses this question by examining the failures of counterinsurgency in Afghanistan, and by outlining three alternatives for future engagements: the Libya model, the indirect approach, and contingency operations in support of multilateral organizations. Each presents unique possibilities, but the imperative for strategic clarity and commitment is consistent.

Artykuł analizuje techniki propagandowe stosowane przez dżihadystów podczas interwencji wojskowej w Mali. Publikowane na stronach internetowych manifesty manipulują emocjami odbiorców, wykorzystując połączenie klasycznej retoryki (balāgha) z religijnymi kazaniami (khuţba). Problemy poruszane w odezwach prezentowane są więc poprzez zastosowanie figur retorycznych i precyzyjne słowa, zwroty metaforyczne i silne argumenty.

This practice note offers an account of France's military intervention in Mali launched on 11 January 2013. Firstly, it provides an analysis of the events that led up to the dual crisis in the country's northern and southern regions and to a new wave of armed conflict between government and rebel forces. Then, it is argued that although the French military intervention was framed as inevitable and based on a broad consensus, it will nevertheless be insufficient to address the root sociopolitical causes of Mali´s multidimensional crisis.

Now that the opposition Syrian National Council has begun calling for international military intervention and an arms embargo, further military escalation of the crisis appears inevitable. This exacerbates the dilemma for international politics: Either Western governments accept the failure of their efforts to contain the conflict, and allow events to escalate into full-blown civil war with casualties running into the thousands. Or they weigh up the options for military engagement, with all the associated battlefield risks and political uncertainties

As India expands its strategic reach in the Indian Ocean, it will need friends that it can count on. The island state of Mauritius has long been one of India's closest allies in the region. This article discusses India's plans for a military intervention in Mauritius in 1983 to prevent a feared coup that may have threatened India's interests. A naval task force was readied, but the intervention did not proceed because of disagreements in India's leadership. Instead New Delhi facilitated a political solution to the crisis that firmly consolidated its special role. This previously undisclosed episode sheds light on India's thinking about the Indian Ocean, the alignment of India's interests with the United States, and India's military capabilities.

As India expands its strategic reach in the Indian Ocean, it will need friends that it can count on. The island state of Mauritius has long been one of India's closest allies in the region. This article discusses India's plans for a military intervention in Mauritius in 1983 to prevent a feared coup that may have threatened India's interests. A naval task force was readied, but the intervention did not proceed because of disagreements in India's leadership. Instead New Delhi facilitated a political solution to the crisis that firmly consolidated its special role. This previously undisclosed episode sheds light on India's thinking about the Indian Ocean, the alignment of India's interests with the United States, and India's military capabilities.