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World Affairs Online
Reforming Modernity is a sweeping intellectual history and philosophical reflection built around the work of the Morocco-based philosopher Abdurrahman Taha, one of the most significant philosophers in the Islamic world since the colonial era. Wael B. Hallaq contends that Taha is at the forefront of forging a new, non-Western-centric philosophical tradition. He explores how Taha's philosophical project sheds light on recent intellectual currents in the Islamic world and puts forth a formidable critique of Western and Islamic modernities.Hallaq argues that Taha's project departs from—but leaves behind—the epistemological grounds in which most modern Muslim intellectuals have anchored their programs. Taha systematically rejects the modes of thought that have dominated the Muslim intellectual scene since the beginning of the twentieth century—nationalism, Marxism, secularism, political Islamism, and liberalism. Instead, he provides alternative ways of thinking, forcefully and virtuosically developing an ethical system with a view toward reforming existing modernities. Hallaq analyzes the ethical thread that runs throughout Taha's oeuvre, illuminating how Taha weaves it into a discursive engagement with the central questions that plague modernity in both the West and the Muslim world. The first introduction to Taha's ethical philosophy for Western audiences, Reforming Modernity presents his complex thought in an accessible way while engaging with it critically. Hallaq's conversation with Taha's work both proffers a cogent critique of modernity and points toward answers for its endemic and seemingly insoluble problems
يسعى هذا البحث لتحليل العلاقة بين نموذجي الشمولية الذي وضعته أنّا أرندت والبيولوجيا السياسية الذي طوّره ميشيل فوكو، وإيجاد النقاط المشتركة بينهما، تأكيداً لأطروحة الاستمرارية الخطية والفكرية والمفاهيمية لهذين النموذجين، من جهة، وتحليل علاقة النموذجين بالديمقراطية من جهة أخرى، تأكيداً لأطروحة التضامن الغائي بين المفاهيم الثلاثة. ومن أجل إيجاد العلاقة بين الشمولية والبيولوجيا السياسية والديمقراطية الغربية، يجب تجاوز الصورة النمطية التي أعطيت للعلاقة بين الشمولية والديمقراطية التي تضعهما في شكل متقابلات. إن نموذج البيولوجيا السياسية، من خلال تركيزه على تكنولوجيات السيطرة على الجسد التي مورست في المجتمعات الغربية. ; The aims of this research is to analyze firstly the relationship between the totalitarianism paradigm of Hannah Arendt and biopolitical paradigm of Michel Foucault, and find the common points between the two concepts in order to confirm the linear, intellectual and conceptual continuity thesis of both paradigms. Secondely, we analyse the relationship between the two paradigms and liberal democracy in the age of modernity, in order to confirm the teleogical solidarity thesis between the three concepts. To find these relationships between totalitarianism, biopolitics and democracy, we must overlap the given stereotype than take the negative relationship between totalitarianism and democracy. However, the biopolitical paradigm, through its focus on control of bodies practiced in Western societies, can help to reformulate the relationship between totalitarianism and Western democracy, and confirm the historical solidarity between them, because the employment of both paradigms the same techniques and disciplines. To reach the goal of the study, we will first discuss the relevance of Michel Foucault constribution in the emerging of biopolitical paradigm, and secondely we present the redefinition tentatives of theis paradidm by Antonio Negri and Giorgio Agamben. Thirdely, we analyze the relationship between biopolitics and totalitarianism by comparing Arendt and Foucault ideas, in addition to the contributions Agamben and its "camp" paradigm, which confirm the historical solidarity relationship between totalitarianism and Western democracy. We conclude by presenting the democratic alternative of tatalitarianism and biopolitics, through the concept of radical democracy based on the contributions of radical thinkers, especially Antonio Negri.
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