Modernization Science and Modernization Policy
In: Global Modernization Review, S. 41-55
In: Global Modernization Review, S. 41-55
In: Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta: naučnyj recenziruemyj žurnal = MGIMO review of international relations : scientific peer-reviewed journal, Heft 3(24), S. 71-74
ISSN: 2541-9099
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In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies
"Modernization Theory" published on by Oxford University Press.
This study will concern itself with Turkish political development from the early nineteenth century up to the present time: Firstly, the term modernization will be explained and the historical roots of Turkish modernization will be examined. Then, it will be concerned with the development of Turkish democracy. Also, the late Ottoman Period will be looked at very briefly, because Turkish modernization began in the Ottoman Empire. The central institution in the process of Turkish modernization was the army. After the abolition of the Janissary in 1826, the military became one of the most Westernized elements in the Empire. Liberal ideas first spread among the military officers and military colleges became the centre of secret political organizations in the mid-nineteenth century. Turkish military elites have always had the aim of representing the new values, behavior patterns and life styles since the late Ottoman era. ; This study will concern itself with Turkish political development from the early nineteenth century up to the present time: Firstly, the term modernization will be explained and the historical roots of Turkish modernization will be examined. Then, it will be concerned with the development of Turkish democracy. Also, the late Ottoman Period will be looked at very briefly, because Turkish modernization began in the Ottoman Empire. The central institution in the process of Turkish modernization was the army. After the abolition of the Janissary in 1826, the military became one of the most Westernized elements in the Empire. Liberal ideas first spread among the military officers and military colleges became the centre of secret political organizations in the mid-nineteenth century. Turkish military elites have always had the aim of representing the new values, behavior patterns and life styles since the late Ottoman era.
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Background. Theory of Modernization is the most important innovation in Social Sciences in the late 50 years. But in spite of numerous versions of this theory all of them lack showing technology of the process. Thus it's extremely urgent to demonstrate links between different spheres of society and stages of the modernization process. Materials and methods. The research was based upon the logic of the historical process and statistics. Knowledge about the dynamics of the Industrial Revolution was substantiated by the understanding of the moving forces of modernization. Results. It is claimed that mechanization was followed the Communication Revolution, the Finance and Banking Revolution. Social and geographic mobility was intensified. Simultaneously modernization of the state mechanism led to strengthening of the political life, formation of the civil society and modernization of the law. Creation of the Legal State based upon strict observance of the law was a final step in the whole process. Conclusions. Discovering of the modernization mechanism is the key element in the modernization theory. In future it will permit to formulate the peculiarities (or models) of the modernization based upon some of its common features.
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In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies
"Modernity and Modernization" published on by Oxford University Press.
In: RUSSIA AND THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD, Heft 3, S. 197-202
In: Global Modernization Review, S. 25-31
In: Capitalism, nature, socialism: CNS ; a journal of socialist ecology, Band 12, Heft 3, S. 44-70
ISSN: 1548-3290
This book presents insights and understandings on the issue of identities and modernizations, contributed mainly by theoreticians from China and scholars from Central and Eastern European countries. Both regions have followed a similar path towards modernization until the second half of the twentieth century. The past experience in both regions leads to two crucial, yet paradoxical conclusions: Firstly, no modernization of economy, technology or science is possible without a prior modernization of the collective identity, i.e. of culture, tradition, religion and spirituality in general. Second
In: Voprosy ėkonomiki: ežemesjačnyj žurnal, Heft 5, S. 4-29
The author argues that Russia needs modernization. Its essence is in the transition to the new economy. But the main factor which is necessary in this respect is modernization of social institutions. Russian society is not mature enough for the modernization. One needs to take measures in order to promote public confidence and social activity. The reforms require therefore a lot of investment, including public investment, into the transformation of social institutions.
In: The review of politics, Band 31, Heft 2, S. 172-188
ISSN: 1748-6858
Marx had a specific theory about the nature of non-European societies, and this theory determined his views on the conditions and possibilities of industrialization and modernization in non-Western countries. Yet this theory is hardly known, though it is extremely interesting and sometimes contradicts the more sweeping and general claims made on behalf of Marxism as a universal philosophy of history. Marx elaborated his views on the nature of the non-European world in numerous articles and letters, discussed it in Capital and the Critique of Political Economy, and based his conclusions on a mass of economic, historical, and sociological data. This theory is worthwhile studying both for those who are interested in Marx and for those studying modernization: it has its own difficulties, but it sheds an intriguing light on some of Marx's best insights into historical development and may help to correct some of the current models of modernization.
Modernity refers to the end result of the process of modernization. It is the condition that a society attains after having gone through specific patterns of social and economic change which began in Western Europe in the eighteenth century and which has been spreading throughout the rest of the world. The process of modernization refers to the introduction of modern scientific knowledge to increasing aspects of human life, first of all in Western civilization, then to non-Western societies, by different means and groups, with the final aim of achieving a better life as defined by the society concerned (Alatas, S.H. 1972, p. 22). The traits of modernization include the rationalization of economic and political life, rapid urbanization, industrialization, differentiation in the social structure, and greater popular involvement in public affairs. If we understand these traits as constituting the modern condition, then modernism would refer to the ideology, attitude or mentality that subordinates the traditional to the modern. ; https://books.google.com.my/books?hl=en&lr=&id=O8d6BwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA209&dq=ISLAM+AND+MODERNIZATION&ots=kPG3ScXwVo&sig=r7X5jRZsW7iy0mW12nka_XCTYGM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ISLAM%20AND%20MODERNIZATION&f=false https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=8991952541573210005&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_vis=1 https://books.google.com.my/books?hl=en&lr=&id=O8d6BwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA209&ots=kPG3ScXwZr&sig=3byKvrGgd67ZPL_OJyKg8NcVEOA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
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