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Chan, Siu-han. ; Thesis submitted in: July 2004. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-193). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.i ; 論文摘要 --- p.ii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii ; CONTENTS --- p.v ; INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Empirical Puzzles and Theoretical Concern --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The Cultural Scene in Hong Kong --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Defining the New Wave Cinema --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.4 --- The Objectives of the Thesis --- p.12 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- In Quest of Theoretical Perspective and Analytical Framework ; Chapter 2.1 --- Existing Studies of the New Wave Cinema --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Study of Popular Culture in Hong Kong --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Culture Industry: The Approach of the Frankfurt School --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Elective Affinity of Culture Industry with Hong Kong Society --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Analytical Framework --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity ; Chapter 3.1 --- Prelude --- p.45 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Perturbed Hong Kong People --- p.50 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Hong Kong Diaspora --- p.57 ; Chapter 3.4 --- The Negative Projection on the Colonizers --- p.60 ; Chapter 3.5 --- The Ambivalence Towards the Motherland´ؤChina --- p.66 ; Chapter 3.6 --- Discourse on Political Modernization: The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity --- p.86 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Contradiction of Societal Modernization ; Chapter 4.1 --- Prelude --- p.89 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Looking back at the Pre-modernized Social Order --- p.91 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Rethinking the Entanglement of the Old and the New --- p.102 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Representing the Modernized New Social Order --- p.110 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Discourse on Societal Modernization: The Contradiction of Societal Modernization --- p.123 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Fragility of Hong Kong Cultural Identity ; Chapter 5.1 --- Prelude --- p.126 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Historical Memories as Cultural Receptacles --- p.128 ...

为什么中国地方人大的发展会存在一定程度的地方差异?本文以市级人大为例,分析了经济现代化与人大发展之间的关系。通过对全国性数据的定量分析,本文发现:首先,一个地方的经济发展水平越高,当地市级人大的立法权、监督权和代表功能的发展水平越高。第二,一个地方的第二、第三产业生产总值所占的比重越高,当地的市级人大越有可能在立法和代表方面发挥重要的作用。 ; 本文还利用丰富的定性资料和统计数据分析了其中的因果机制,发现随着经济现代化水平的不断提高,市级人大有更强的动力行使立法权、监督权和发挥代表功能,以应对经济现代化所带来的各种挑战;此外,经济现代化给市级人大的发展带来了更多的财政资源和人力资源,因此也就提升了市级人大的能力。因而经济现代化能够对人大的发展起到促进的作用。 ; 可以说,中国市级人大的发展是政治制度调适的一种表现形式,一方面,尽管市级人大已经逐渐摆"橡皮图章"的尴尬地位,但党对人大的领导仍然得到有效的维持;另一方面,人大的发展调整了人大与"一府两院"、人大与民众之间的关系,加强了制度化的横向分权和自下而上的问责:这可以在一定程度上减少官员违法滥权的现象,改善政府的施政绩效,提高政府的回应性,缓和社会矛盾,也就促进了社会的稳定,提高了政权的政绩合法性,因而有助于中共政权更好地适应经济现代化所带来的外部环境的变化。 ; 本文的发现表明,一方面,正如许多研究所揭示的,经济现代化的过程可能会造成社会的不稳定,并且给威权政体的生存带来威胁;然而另一方面,经济现代化又会促进威权政体中的政治制度进行调适,从而在一定程度上有利于促进社会的稳定和威权统治的延续。 ; 然而,需要指出的是,这种政治制度的调适具有一些难以克服的局限性,随着经济现代化水平的继续提高,政治制度调适的需求可能会进一步增加,但调适的空间可能会逐渐缩小,在这种情况下,威权统治者能否继续通过政治制度的调适来保持威权体制的生命力,则仍然是未知之数。 ; Why does regional variation exist in the development of Local People's Congresses in China? Taking Municipal People's Congresses (MPC) as cases, this research explores the relationship between economic modernization and the development of People's Congresses (PC). Based on quantitative analysis on national data, it reveals that, firstly, the higher the level of economic development, the higher the levels of MPCs' development in legislation, supervision and representation; secondly, the larger the proportion of the gross product of secondary and tertiary industries in GDP, the higher the development levels of MPCs' legislation and representation. ; This research also analyzes abundant qualitative and quantitative data to reveal the causal mechanism and finds that, firstly, as the modernization of economics, MPCs have stronger motivations to promote their legislation, supervision and representation for dealing with the challenges brought by economic modernization; secondly, economic modernization also increases the finanicial and human resources owned by MPCs, which is beneficial to the development of their capacities. Thus economic modernization can make contributions to PCs' development. ; The dissertation argues ...

本文主要分析了海原县在实现现代化的发展过程中,国家如何利用权力和空间来主导现代化。同时,也以此为主题,分析了农民在国家主导的现代化过程中,如何做出反应。 ; 本文将研究集中在现代化与发展这样的背景下,用权力和空间这样的核心概念,来分析国家与回族民众之间的关系,从而来推出在中国国家话语下,现代化的实践,农民所采取的各种应对方式,不是以挑战国家权威,或者有意与国家做对这样一套路径来看待中国国家与农民之间的关系,而是更应该交往全面、宽幅度、更为厚实地去看待国家和农民的关系。农民并非一味地反对,也不是完全地接受,农民往往是在更为理性的层面,根据具体问题而采取相应的应对。应对,有些是明显且看得见的应对,有些是隐藏的不易发觉的应对。所以,完全用农民本来就要反对国家,或者说,农民与国家是二元对立的不可调和的矛盾关系,显然有些过度解释了农民的行为和思想。 ; 本文以"农民进城、"新农村建设、"面子工程"和反对县城搬迁这样一些具体的个案,从农民对待国家政策的微弱难以明显看出到强烈地应对县城搬迁这样一些多层次的个案,来考量了国家在主导现代化的政策中,政绩与自我利益作为隐藏话语,而从对农民有好处,帮助农民发展早日摆贫困为公开话语,来促成各项政策的落实。农民在这些不同的背景下,用属于并适合自己作为农民、回族、伊斯兰教信徒等身份来维护自己的利益。总而言之,整个论文以田野调查为方法,着重分析了发展背景下的地方政治和民众的应对战略,同时也分析了国家与民族之间复杂的社会关系。 ; This thesis studies the roles of the state in the modernization of Haiyuan in Ningxia, China, and analyses state power and the state use of space. Also analyzed is how ordinary people respond to state power in this state-led modernization. ; Focusing on the background of modernization and development, I shall study the multi-layers of relations between the State and Hui Muslim civilians, so as to show that, under the discourse of the State, their responses to the state are not simply challenging state power, but are more complex in this relations between the state and the people based on concrete situations. Some of their tactics of resistance are visible while others are hidden. This it is simplistic to view the state and the civilians as in direct opposition. ; By studying concrete cases of farmers moving into the county seat, the government building a"new village, the government's "beautifying project and the people's resistance to the relocation of the county seat, this thesis examines the weak and strong resistance of the people. This study analyzes how the state manipulates the policies and the processes of modernization for political interests, which are hidden behind political discourses about helping the poor out of poverty. The state seeks to implement its policies, while the Hui civilians use their relevant peasant, Hui and Muslim identities to protect their own interests. ...

Leung, Yan Cheong. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-159). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter ■ --- Research Objectives --- p.3 ; Chapter ■ --- Literature Review --- p.5 ; Chapter ■ --- Use of Primary Sources --- p.9 ; Chapter ■ --- Structure --- p.11 ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- Governing Objectives behind the Railway Developments --- p.13 ; Chapter ■ --- Initial Motives --- p.13 ; Chapter ■ --- Political Objectives and Financial Concerns as the Determinative Factors --- p.22 ; Chapter ■ --- Railway Developments since the 1970s --- p.33 ; Chapter ■ --- Changing Meanings of Success in Railway Development --- p.35 ; Chapter ■ --- Summary of Chapter 2 --- p.35 ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- Hong Kong-London Relations and the MTR Development (I): Bilateral Negotiation and the Decisions on the MTR --- p.37 ; Chapter ■ --- Nature of London-Hong Kong Relations after the WWII --- p.37 ; Chapter ■ --- The Contract Approaches --- p.40 ; Chapter ■ --- The Process of Bilateral Negotiation --- p.42 ; Chapter ■ --- Hong Kong Government´ةs Strategy --- p.43 ; Chapter ■ --- London´ةs Strategy --- p.46 ; Chapter ■ --- Summary of Chapter 3 --- p.53 ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- Hong Kong-London Relations and the MTR Development (II): Negotiation Breakdown and Its Impacts --- p.55 ; Chapter ■ --- The Negotiation Breakdown --- p.55 ; Chapter ■ --- The Adoption of Multi-contract Approach: a Contingency Plan --- p.59 ; Chapter ■ --- Collaborate with London --- p.64 ; Chapter ■ --- Summary of Chapter 4 --- p.68 ; Chapter Chapter 5: --- Colonial Governance and Major Decisions on the MTR in the 1970s --- p.70 ; Chapter ■ --- The Establishment of MTRC --- p.70 ; Chapter ■ --- Optimizing the Project --- p.75 ; Chapter ■ --- Civil Protests and Crises Management --- p.83 ; Chapter ■ --- Summary of Chapter 5 --- p.91 ; Chapter Chapter 6: --- A Review on the Modernization of Kowloon-Canton Railway --- p.93 ; Chapter ■ --- KCR´ةs ...

本文回顧了前近代時期中國傳統婦產科一門的醫學沿革與歐美產科醫學的「現代化」過程,追溯了西方婦產醫學自19世紀中期以來傳入廣州的發展軌跡。同時將目光聚焦於傳統醫學與19世紀傳入廣州的西方醫學,並將兩種體系進行比較。發現在不同的情況下二者表現出不同的利弊,無法評價其各自方法之優劣。而由傳教士所帶來的西法接生因為其統一、規範的操作被務實的廣州人所接受,並被善堂採用而作為慈善服務的一種,從而在廣州傳播並得到普及。可見,在廣州的西化過程中,是國人將適合自身的西方事物融入到本地社會生活中,並在不斷的磨合中完成「現代化」,而非國人克服種種困難,不斷地追求科學等現代指標。 ; 此外,本文描繪廣州社會在20世紀初期接納「西法接生」,並將其作為一種摩登的接生方法而運用的歷史。受教會訓練的「女醫生」已成為一種正當的職業在社會上存在,「西法接生」這種由西醫外科衍變而來的技術為女醫生所利用,成為她們執業的亮點。通過善堂的贈接生善舉,「西法接生」在廣州的認知度得以提升,直至政府將婦女生產納入其衛生行政體系,並對接生從業者加以規管。可見,廣州婦女分娩的「現代化」並非得力於政府衛生行政的推動,而是在更早時期自發出現的。 ; 通過比較香港、北京、廣州、上海四地政府對助產人員的規管條例,不同城市顯示出各自的特色。北京、上海借助西方公共衛生行政管理方法,集中對產婆進行培訓、登記,使其接生操作符合衛生行政要求,從而建立出一套適應中國社情的混合式制度,並以這一模式進行婦女生產的「現代化」。在中國醫療西化的過程中,不同的地方社會有著不同的衛生行政管理軌跡。 ; This article examines the introduction, development, and proliferation of western Obstetrics, in particular the Midwifery, in Canton from 1860s to 1930s. By comparing and contrasting treatment of childbirth by traditional Chinese Midwifery in pre-modern period, especially the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Western Midwifery brought to Canton in this period, it is concluded that, subscribed to each distinctive medical theories, the two applied different views and strategies on the course of childbirth. Nevertheless, from an overall perspective, western Midwifery didn't display obvious advantages compared with the Chinese traditional one. During the period of 1890s and 1920s, local philanthropic organizations actively promoted the approach and benefits of western midwifery to the local community to the childbirth modernity. ; In addition, the modernization on childbirth in Canton was different to which in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. In Beijing and Shanghai, the Municipal Governments established a new blended system legislating the centralized training and registration of traditional midwives to archive childbirth modernization with the application of western public health methods. In Canton, on the contrary, a large number of young women who have had more systematic classes and professional western medical training actively in missionary or local ...

Agriculture, Rural village and Peasants (ARP) represent the production structure, social structure and cultural structure (3S) of rural China for thousands of years in its trinity. To find the long roots of Chinese civilization and to feel the creativity, splendour, diversity and regionality of Chinese traditional culture, it must be in the countryside relating to the ARP. However, China's rural areas have been constantly challenged by political, economic, technological changes and other cultures interruption. Especially after decades of modernization and urbanization, the three structural relationships of rural traditional harmony are gradually being resolved. The originality of the rural tradition and the cultural accumulation it bears are facing extinction. For a nation whose culture has been passed down for thousands of years, this will be an irreparable and huge loss. Fortunately, in 2005 the central government put forward the slogan of "Beautiful Villages", emphasizing the need to build beautiful and livable villages for farmers. The government's authorities have issued a series of support policies for this purpose. The national standard for "Beautiful Villages" was introduced in 2015. It supports the village protection and development plans for the newly established list of traditional Chinese villages and supports the pilots of rescue protection in various places. It requires traditional villages to rely on historical and cultural resources reasonably to carry out various development models such as cultural creativity, popular science education and leisure tourism. From the macro-level of management, it is proposed that government-led, government-invested, unified planning, development, management, management and management rights should be unified. At the same time as the promotion of cultural relics protection and basic implementation, attention is paid to protecting the interests of the people and social benefits. Over the past years, all sectors of society, including some enterprises and institutions, have responded positively, forming various forms of practice in rural villages protection and development. For example "characteristic vernacular villages", "characteristic folk villages", "modern new villages", "historical ancient villages", etc. They mainly make some useful attempts to solve various problems faced by the countryside through the combination of rural tourism, leisure agriculture and ecological agriculture. However, most of these practices are based on direct input from external funds and management. Many of them fail to reach out to the current issues of the ARP, and unable to face the problems of a poor 3S relationship. Therefore, how to combine the protection of the "post-cultural heritage" of the countryside with the exploration of the new form of the ARP and reconstruction of the 3S relationship under the new historical conditions and opportunities has become the theoretical and practical issues of rural protection and development. To realize the goal of "Beautiful Villages", it is very necessary to take action at both levels of strategic thinking and practical approach. It is necessary to make forward-looking explorations and practices in accordance with the actual conditions of rural areas in different regions.

本論文通過十二個月的田野研究,探討城市化進程中,鄉鎮、城鎮與城市等三個處於不同城市發展階段的地方,信息化進程中的性別政治有何異同。本研究的核心問題是:城鎮化與信息化的交互作用如何進行?在城鎮化與信息化同時推進的當下中國,個體,尤其是個體的性別化身體,如何與以電腦、互聯網爲代表的數字科技之間産生脫嵌與再嵌入的"雙向形塑關係? ; 本研究運用科技馴養、個體化和性別-科技共創理論,分析城鎮家庭中電腦和互聯網的社會化生活。本研究發現中國社會現代性建構中,城鎮用戶通過在家庭內部採用電腦和互聯網,逐步形成一種數字化家庭關係,其中互聯網本地化特徵明顯。此外,本研究還發現,性別化的網絡互連的個體化是當下中國社會中的城鎮化、信息化發展過程中的主要特徵。本研究採用綫上與綫下相結合的多點民族誌的混合方法,探討在中國城鎮化過程中研究性別與互聯網的共創關係。 ; Based on ethnographic data collected in 12 months of field work, this thesis studies the gender politics in the process of digitization and urbanization by comparing the phenomenon in a village, a town, and a city. The three main research questions of this study are: How are the interactions between urbanization and digitalization? How do digitization and gender relations mutually construct each other in the process of urbanization? ; Using theories of technology domestication, individualization theory and the mutual construction of gender and technology, I analyze the use of computers and internet in the social life of rural and town families. This research found out that in the process of modernization, as rural and town families adopted the use of computers and internet; they gradually transformed themselves into, digitalized families. Furthermore, the individualization of gendered networks stood out as the key characteristic of urbanization and digitalization of post socialist China. This research pioneered the combination of multi-sited ethnography and virtual ethnography in exploring the interplay between gender and the internet in Chinese urbanization. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 任珏. ; Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-228). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; Ren Jue.

香港教育歷史書寫以教育政策史為核心,一直缺乏有關鄉村學校的研究。本地教育史研究者多數將鄉村學校納入傳統中國學塾的想像,或簡化成一種過渡式的教育模式。在殖民管治新界的歷史時空下,鄉村學校的具體面貌,及其在不同階段的轉型和社會功能都被忽略。本研究以有別於主流教育歷史研究的書寫方式,嘗試將鄉村學校與新界殖民管治、新市鎮規劃、鄉村社群與城市文化拉扯等範疇連結起來,多角度重塑新界鄉村學校與整體社會脈絡的互動。本研究透過說明新界鄉村學校的歷史發展過程,目的是為了突顯鄉村學校並非鐵板一塊。鄉村教育與鄉村社區文化緊密結合,學校的發展形態多樣而且教學生活化。 ; 本研究先從描繪鄉村學校與新界殖民歷史的關係出發,指出鄉村學校的興起與戰後殖民政府改變新界管治方針,普及教育的政治功能,以及現代教育體制的建立有密切關係。為強調鄉村學校的地緣特色,本文會以兩所新界鄉村學校為個案研究對象。本文藉著訪問、挖掘學校文獻、整理現存的口述歷史研究報告及相關歷史資料,介紹兩所新界鄉村學校的辦學理念、發展沿革、教學特色。本研究最後將提到1997 年後鄉村學校面臨大規模結束的困境,當中反映政府及民間社會對鄉村學校的不同理解和定位。本地教育史研究以線性叙事磨平地區發展差異和鄉村學校的多義性,因此本研究通過探討新界鄉村學校在本地教育史中的位置為鄉村學校研究補遺,並進一步批判以城市價值為核心的單一教育模式。 ; The writing of Hong Kong education history has always focused on the side of education policy. The majority of the studies describe village schools in the New Territories as traditional and transitional form of education, which makes village school unnoticed in the academic field. It is important to review village schools differently in each historical era, and to rethink its intersection with the colonial policy, urban and rural tension, and its significant position in the process of education modernization. Unlike the mainstream education policy studies, this study relate education development with colonial governance, urbanization and evolvement in local education model. With these angles, this study will provide both macro and micro perspectives to understand how the social and cultural environments reshape village schools in the New Territories in the post-war era. ; This study will first pointed out the closely linkage between village school in New Territories and the colonial rule of New Territories. The rise of village schools in the post-war period is much related to the changing ruling principle in New Territories. The political purpose of promoting mass education and the establishment of the local education system also provide a favorable environment for the booming development of village schools. ; In order to emphasize how geographical factors affect village schools, this study will use two village schools in New ...