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The public debate on change within the public sector is actually structured along a demarcation line opposing upholders of performance and efficiency who lean toward privatization of public services, and, by another side, those who linken the defense of public services and state intervention to the rejection of any kind of evolution and the rejection of any objective of performance improvement. The research program must be enriched to be able to get out of such false alternatives and to link the political question of the role of the sate and the technical one of administrative reform. We structure the debate around the theory of knowledge, showing that theses postures both relate to logical positivism and leave aside what is really at stake with change in the public sector. In the tradition of Friedrich V. Hayek, we propose another demarcation line, between evolutionism and positivism. Drawing on the Northian distinction between organizations and institutions, we analyze their respective dynamics and the link to be established between organizational and institutional innovation within the public sector. This new focus implies a return of the political philosophy as a bearing point for public management. Secondly, we define enrichment proposal for the research program in public management such as to link political philosophy issues and practical effectiveness and efficiency. Change in a uncertain environment asks for a revision of institutions underlying beliefs and call for a trial and errors learning process. According to the prevailing demarcation line, politics is an overhead. In our perspective it regains its full role in the classical sense of classical republicanism. In this way, public management may be included in the domain of moral sciences. ; Le débat public sur le changement dans le secteur public s'organise actuellement selon une ligne de démarcation qui oppose les tenants de la performance et de l'efficience qui penchent vers la privatisation des services publics, et de l'autre les tenants de ...

The public debate on change within the public sector is actually structured along a demarcation line opposing upholders of performance and efficiency who lean toward privatization of public services, and, by another side, those who linken the defense of public services and state intervention to the rejection of any kind of evolution and the rejection of any objective of performance improvement. The research program must be enriched to be able to get out of such false alternatives and to link the political question of the role of the sate and the technical one of administrative reform. We structure the debate around the theory of knowledge, showing that theses postures both relate to logical positivism and leave aside what is really at stake with change in the public sector. In the tradition of Friedrich V. Hayek, we propose another demarcation line, between evolutionism and positivism. Drawing on the Northian distinction between organizations and institutions, we analyze their respective dynamics and the link to be established between organizational and institutional innovation within the public sector. This new focus implies a return of the political philosophy as a bearing point for public management. Secondly, we define enrichment proposal for the research program in public management such as to link political philosophy issues and practical effectiveness and efficiency. Change in a uncertain environment asks for a revision of institutions underlying beliefs and call for a trial and errors learning process. According to the prevailing demarcation line, politics is an overhead. In our perspective it regains its full role in the classical sense of classical republicanism. In this way, public management may be included in the domain of moral sciences. ; Le débat public sur le changement dans le secteur public s'organise actuellement selon une ligne de démarcation qui oppose les tenants de la performance et de l'efficience qui penchent vers la privatisation des services publics, et de l'autre les tenants de ...

The public debate on change within the public sector is actually structured along a demarcation line opposing upholders of performance and efficiency who lean toward privatization of public services, and, by another side, those who linken the defense of public services and state intervention to the rejection of any kind of evolution and the rejection of any objective of performance improvement. The research program must be enriched to be able to get out of such false alternatives and to link the political question of the role of the sate and the technical one of administrative reform. We structure the debate around the theory of knowledge, showing that theses postures both relate to logical positivism and leave aside what is really at stake with change in the public sector. In the tradition of Friedrich V. Hayek, we propose another demarcation line, between evolutionism and positivism. Drawing on the Northian distinction between organizations and institutions, we analyze their respective dynamics and the link to be established between organizational and institutional innovation within the public sector. This new focus implies a return of the political philosophy as a bearing point for public management. Secondly, we define enrichment proposal for the research program in public management such as to link political philosophy issues and practical effectiveness and efficiency. Change in a uncertain environment asks for a revision of institutions underlying beliefs and call for a trial and errors learning process. According to the prevailing demarcation line, politics is an overhead. In our perspective it regains its full role in the classical sense of classical republicanism. In this way, public management may be included in the domain of moral sciences. ; Le débat public sur le changement dans le secteur public s'organise actuellement selon une ligne de démarcation qui oppose les tenants de la performance et de l'efficience qui penchent vers la privatisation des services publics, et de l'autre les tenants de l'assimilation de la « défense du service public » et de l'intervention de l'Etat au rejet de toute notion d'évolution et de performance. Le programme de recherche du management public doit s'enrichir pour contribuer à sortir de ces fausses alternatives et lier la question politique de l'évolution de l'Etat et celle, technique, de la réforme administrative. Nous posons le débat du point de vue de la théorie de la connaissance, en montrant que ces deux postures se rattachant toutes deux au positivisme logique et qu'elles passent à côté des grands enjeux du changement du secteur public. Dans la lignée des travaux de Hayek nous proposons une ligne de démarcation entre positivisme et évolutionnisme. En partant de la distinction faite par North entre institutions et organisations, nous analysons leur dynamique différente et le lien qui peut être établi entre innovation institutionnelle et organisationnelle dans le secteur public. Cette nouvelle perspective implique un retour au politique comme source de la décision publique et donc à la philosophie politique comme point d'où penser le management public. Dans un deuxième temps, nous définissons des axes d'enrichissement du programme de recherche en management public pour lier philosophie politique et efficacité pratique. Le changement dans un environnement incertain demande de réviser le système de croyances sous-jacent aux institutions et repose sur l'apprentissage collectif et la progression par essais et erreurs. Le politique, réduit selon l'actuelle ligne de démarcation à une fonction support de la gestion publique, retrouve toute sa place, au sens de la philosophie politique classique et de l'humanisme civique républicain. Support du questionnement éthique à la base de toute politique, et outil de résolution de problèmes, le management public peut s'inscrire dans le domaine des sciences morales. Nous concluons sur le développement de nouveaux arts pratiques de l'action publique pour conduire le changement.

Continuing Education and Moralization : The Social Function of the Social Psychology of Business.
The aim of the present study is to grasp the relationship between the introduction of techniques inspired by social psychology and the change -or at least the beginning of a change- in the ways of exercizing power in business. The author's observations derive from Personal participation in a program of continuing education or so-called "permanent training". The various stages of this type of training have multiplied since the adoption of the law of 1971, which, it seems, has benefited chiefly managerial and lower-level staff. The study is based on the hypothesis that these stages would be utilized, in a number of cases, as instruments of moralization, designed not so much to provide technical knowledge as to impose a new System of values, itself tied to a new style of command ("non-directiveness", "openess", "creativity", "participation", etc.).
The study focuses, in particular, on a group of lower-level staff who have in common the characteristic of being ill-suited to the posts they hold. The group includes the daughter of a military officer, judged to be too "authoritarian" in her position as head of the typing service, and a programmer of working-class origins who is uncomfortable in his dealings with both his superiors and his subordinates. The author's analysis shows that the social psychology of business probably does not have the power to transform the habitus of the people involved, and thereby to "reform" their behavior in a permanent fashion. All the same, it does possess, at the least, the power of altering their scale of values. As a result, it leads them to recognize the excellence of the new values that "modern" managers of "modern" business concerns have arrogated to themselves. This, perhaps, is the subject's main function.

International audience ; For some time now, historians of humanities and social science have taken some of their most famous categories of analysis as subjects of their own research: "ethnicity", "race", and "class", for instance. This did not occur with the meta-categories which structure knowledge, and indeed they are often considered to be self-evident. This article weaves between France, Great Britain and German-speaking lands to reconstruct the shifting appropriations and meanings, and also rejections, of the categories "sciences morales et politiques", "moral sciences", and "Geisteswissenschaften". In so doing, it exposes the scientific, academic, political and nationalist forces at work. It thus also, reflexively, comments on its own research field and how it has been carved out. ; Depuis un certain temps, les historiens des sciences humaines et sociales ont pris pour objet d'enquête certaines de leurs plus célèbres catégories d'analyse comme « ethnie », « race » ou « classe ». Mais les méta-catégories organisatrices du savoir sont restées dans l'ombre. Elles sont encore souvent considérées comme allant de soi. En proposant un parcours qui retrace les appropriations, resémantisations ou rejets des catégories « sciences morales et politiques », moral sciences, Geisteswissenschaften entre France, Grande-Bretagne et territoires de langue allemande, cet article propose de mettre en évidence leurs enjeux scientifiques, académiques, politiques et d'affirmation nationale. Ce faisant, l'article offre un regard réflexif sur son propre domaine de recherche et les découpages qui le caractérisent.

International audience ; For some time now, historians of humanities and social science have taken some of their most famous categories of analysis as subjects of their own research: "ethnicity", "race", and "class", for instance. This did not occur with the meta-categories which structure knowledge, and indeed they are often considered to be self-evident. This article weaves between France, Great Britain and German-speaking lands to reconstruct the shifting appropriations and meanings, and also rejections, of the categories "sciences morales et politiques", "moral sciences", and "Geisteswissenschaften". In so doing, it exposes the scientific, academic, political and nationalist forces at work. It thus also, reflexively, comments on its own research field and how it has been carved out. ; Depuis un certain temps, les historiens des sciences humaines et sociales ont pris pour objet d'enquête certaines de leurs plus célèbres catégories d'analyse comme « ethnie », « race » ou « classe ». Mais les méta-catégories organisatrices du savoir sont restées dans l'ombre. Elles sont encore souvent considérées comme allant de soi. En proposant un parcours qui retrace les appropriations, resémantisations ou rejets des catégories « sciences morales et politiques », moral sciences, Geisteswissenschaften entre France, Grande-Bretagne et territoires de langue allemande, cet article propose de mettre en évidence leurs enjeux scientifiques, académiques, politiques et d'affirmation nationale. Ce faisant, l'article offre un regard réflexif sur son propre domaine de recherche et les découpages qui le caractérisent.

International audience ; For some time now, historians of humanities and social science have taken some of their most famous categories of analysis as subjects of their own research: "ethnicity", "race", and "class", for instance. This did not occur with the meta-categories which structure knowledge, and indeed they are often considered to be self-evident. This article weaves between France, Great Britain and German-speaking lands to reconstruct the shifting appropriations and meanings, and also rejections, of the categories "sciences morales et politiques", "moral sciences", and "Geisteswissenschaften". In so doing, it exposes the scientific, academic, political and nationalist forces at work. It thus also, reflexively, comments on its own research field and how it has been carved out. ; Depuis un certain temps, les historiens des sciences humaines et sociales ont pris pour objet d'enquête certaines de leurs plus célèbres catégories d'analyse comme « ethnie », « race » ou « classe ». Mais les méta-catégories organisatrices du savoir sont restées dans l'ombre. Elles sont encore souvent considérées comme allant de soi. En proposant un parcours qui retrace les appropriations, resémantisations ou rejets des catégories « sciences morales et politiques », moral sciences, Geisteswissenschaften entre France, Grande-Bretagne et territoires de langue allemande, cet article propose de mettre en évidence leurs enjeux scientifiques, académiques, politiques et d'affirmation nationale. Ce faisant, l'article offre un regard réflexif sur son propre domaine de recherche et les découpages qui le caractérisent.

Traduit en italien par Miranda Boldrini. ; International audience ; Drawing from Mikhaïl Bakhtin's dialogism and Martha Nussbaum's moralparticularism, we propose to understand the ways in which literature canexpress and support moral resistance. The argument is the following: when aliterary work is written with an attention to particulars (comprising theelements of contextuality, incommensurability and surprise, followingNussbaum's analysis in Love's Knowledge (1990)), it is capable ofshowing what is denied by oppressive representations of human beings: namely,that each person constitutes a unique point of view and a unique voice,resisting the identity assignations necessary for political and socialoppression. Within this theoretical background, we propose an analysis ofJean Rhys' literary works, especially Good Morning Midnight (1939).

Traduit en italien par Miranda Boldrini. ; International audience ; Drawing from Mikhaïl Bakhtin's dialogism and Martha Nussbaum's moralparticularism, we propose to understand the ways in which literature canexpress and support moral resistance. The argument is the following: when aliterary work is written with an attention to particulars (comprising theelements of contextuality, incommensurability and surprise, followingNussbaum's analysis in Love's Knowledge (1990)), it is capable ofshowing what is denied by oppressive representations of human beings: namely,that each person constitutes a unique point of view and a unique voice,resisting the identity assignations necessary for political and socialoppression. Within this theoretical background, we propose an analysis ofJean Rhys' literary works, especially Good Morning Midnight (1939).

According to the standard economic approach, the level of redistribution in a democratic society is growing with the inequality of the income distribution. However, data do not support such a finding. In this article, we assert that the canonical model fails Örst in its basic assumption, the fundamental selÖsh nature of human beings. Following Adam Smith as well as modern cognitive sciences, we then suppose that a moral instinct coexists with a selfish one. It follows that democracy, based on a unanimous agreement and not on a majority of voters as in the standard approach, can be characterized by two different cultures. In the Örst one, in the spirit of Locke, individual property comes before the government. In such a culture, we show that a growing di§erence between median and mean incomes is not necessarily associated with a higher redistribution. In the second culture, in the spirit of Rousseau, the general will comes before particular interests. As a result, we Önd that in such a culture an increase of the top incomes can quite paradoxically reduce redistribution.

According to the standard economic approach, the level of redistribution in a democratic society is growing with the inequality of the income distribution. However, data do not support such a finding. In this article, we assert that the canonical model fails Örst in its basic assumption, the fundamental selÖsh nature of human beings. Following Adam Smith as well as modern cognitive sciences, we then suppose that a moral instinct coexists with a selfish one. It follows that democracy, based on a unanimous agreement and not on a majority of voters as in the standard approach, can be characterized by two different cultures. In the Örst one, in the spirit of Locke, individual property comes before the government. In such a culture, we show that a growing di§erence between median and mean incomes is not necessarily associated with a higher redistribution. In the second culture, in the spirit of Rousseau, the general will comes before particular interests. As a result, we Önd that in such a culture an increase of the top incomes can quite paradoxically reduce redistribution.

The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to clarify the existing relations between organisational factors and mobbing in the Ukrainian public sector so to formulate the prevention measures of psychological harassment in the organisational area. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first research that shed light into the psychological harassment as well as on its factors in Ukraine, where the legislation to that matter is inexistent. This thesis has also the ambition to test the impact of individual characteristics of the victim with psychological harassment. To that end, we conducted a research in three steps. Firstly, an analysis of 450 articles has been realised. The aim of that step was to grasp the main organisation factors that influence psychological harassment in a company environment using a precise definition: a minimal harassment length of at least 6 months and a notion of repeatability of the act weekly or monthly. It appeared that five types of factors contribute to the explanation of psychological harassment, namely: work organisation, leadership, the organisational culture and social climate, the compensation and benefit system and organisation changes. Secondly, we led a qualitative exploratory research aiming to refine the results of the literature review with elements that are specific to the Ukrainian area. Twelve semi-structured interviews have been conducted with medical specialists working in obstetrics hospitals located in Kharkiv (Ukraine). The goal of this step resulted in the construction of the research model. Finally, a confirmatory quantitative study helped us to test statistically correlations between fourteen organisational factors and three dimensions of mobbing. Mobbing has been measured through a behavioural method (NAQ, Einarsen et al., 1994). In order to measure the organisation variables, we structured our own survey by inspiring us from several measuring scales tested and validated in previous studies. The transcultural validation steps of one survey of Vallerand ...

Faced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a "quality of scholastic life", useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life ; Face au consumérisme et à l'individualisme ambiants, à l'érosion de l'autorité éducative et à des manifestations de violence dans certains établissements scolaires, et parfois d'intolérance religieuse et ethnique, cette thèse propose plusieurs pistes de réflexion et des propositions en lien avec un besoin social d'éthique ...

Faced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a "quality of scholastic life", useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life ; Face au consumérisme et à l'individualisme ambiants, à l'érosion de l'autorité éducative et à des manifestations de violence dans certains établissements scolaires, et parfois d'intolérance religieuse et ethnique, cette thèse propose plusieurs pistes de réflexion et des propositions en lien avec un besoin social d'éthique ...