Today we observe popularization of elaboration of codes addressed to various social groups. However, it is reasonable to search for answers to questions about conditions of their design and possibilities of their practical use. This article aims to provide a critical review of the literature in the field of opinions specifically related to the issue of codification professional ethics. Article first describes meanings attributed to the concept of a code of ethics and basic ethical positions. Next review leads to a discussion on supporters and opponents arguments on codification standards.
Nowadays we observe the popularization of codes addressed to various social groups. It is reasonable to search for answers to questions about the conditions of their construction and the possibility of their practical use. This article presents a critical review of the literature in the field of positions specifically related to the issue of codification of professional ethics. In the first place the importance attributed to the concept of an ethical code and basic ethical positions are discussed. The rest of the paper contains an analysis of the supporters and opponents of codification standards arguments.
The popularisation of code elaboration addressed to various social groups is one of the features of the modern world. However, among researchers of this phenomenon a full consensus on the moral validity and usefulness of this activity does not exist. The article closely reviews the literature with regard to the reasons for the creation of a moderate position on the codification of ethical standards. The essay brings closer the main concepts of ethical codes and positions for their adoption and rejection. Attention is paid to ways of increasing the effectiveness of codes and the ethical decision-making procedure in a manner that undermines supporters and opponents of codification approaches.
This article is dedicated to the memory of Professor Andrzej Walicki, who died in August 2020 – an outstanding Polish historian of ideas and Russian scholar. It is an attempt to summarize the enormous scientific achievements of a representative of the Warsaw school of the history of ideas. His scientific activity has gained wide recognition in the West, being an prominent Polish contribution to world Russian studies. The subject of the scientist's research were Russia, Poland and Marxism. Andrzej Walicki explained to a wide audience in the West, Poland and Russia issues related to the formation of Russian ideas and philosophy, the development of various ideologies in Russia: imperialism, Marxism, liberalism, or the shaping of the platform and the main problematic network of intellectual relations between Poland and Russia. He also researched Polish thought in response to the Russian question, and tried to participate in debates on Polish-Russian relations after the fall of communism and the collapse of the USSR. He devoted much attention to the reception of Marxism in Russia – to what extent it was an ideological import from the West, and to what extent it was based on the native ideological and religious tradition. In the context of Russia's strong utopian predispositions, Andrzej Walicki showed Marxism as a utopia that transformed Russia into its tragic testing ground and whose goals turned out to be unattainable. As a result, his led to the collapse of the moral legitimacy of the communist system and became the fundamental premise for the disintegration of the Soviet empire.
