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This collection of essays and thoughts covers such areas as basic Christian thought, which includes traditional family morality and a great concern for alleviating poverty and promoting social justice, political thought comparing the need for a system which includes both socialist and capitalist elements, and the need for values in our society, which has come to emphasize money, power, and greed as philosophical goals and values, though they are not. The book also has thoughts concerning literature, a consideration of what constitutes true progress, the denial in our society of any absolute moral truth, and the substitution of moral relativism as a mistaken ethical system. --publisher description

1. 'Why we bomb you' : liberal war-making and moral relativism in the RAF bomber offensive, 1940-45 / Richard Overy -- 2. The liberal and non-liberal justification of violence against civilians / Jonathan Leader Maynard -- 3. Can there be a liberal military strategy? / Lawrence Freedman -- 4. Enhancing American strategic competency / Frank G. Hoffman -- 5. War, sovereignty, and civilization from Bodin to Rawls / Alan Cromartie -- 6. The Iraq Inquiries : publicity, secrecy, and liberal war / Owen D. Thomas -- 7. Maps of the mind : distance and modern war / Patrick Porter -- 8. Not peace, not war : America since 1945 / Allan Silver.

Clifford Geertz, one of the most influential thinkers of our time, here discusses some of the most urgent issues facing intellectuals today. In this collection of personal and revealing essays, he explores the nature of his anthropological work in relation to a broader public, serving as the foremost spokesperson of his generation of scholars, those who came of age after World War II. His reflections are written in a style that both entertains and disconcerts, as they engage us in topics ranging from moral relativism to the relationship between cultural and psychological differences, from the

Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter One: Criminal Regime, its Subjects, and Collective Crime -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Challenge of the Disturbing Past -- 3 Regime and its Subjects: Regime Crime andCollective Crime -- 3.1 REGIME CRIMES -- 3.2 COLLECTIVE CRIMES -- 3.2.1 The preparation of collective crime -- 3.2.2 Criminal action -- 3.2.3 Approving outcomes of crime -- Chapter Two: Politics of Silence and Denial -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Transitional Justice or Just the Transition? Politics of Silence -- 2.1 GENERAL ARGUMENT: VULNERABILITY OF DEMOCRACY -- 2.2 SPECIFIC ARGUMENTS -- 2.2.1 Political reconciliation in the name of protecting the genuine common identity -- 2.2.2 Injustice -- 2.2.3 Unmasterable burden -- 3 "We did Nothing Wrong": Politics of Denial -- 4 A Summary -- Chapter Three: Culture, Knowledge, and Collective Crime: Reading Relativism -- 1 Introduction: Crime-specific Culture -- 2 Moral Relativism as a Philosophical Argument -- 3 Blaming Culture for Moral Confusion? -- 3.1 COLLECTIVE CRIME AS A NORMATIVE PRACTICE -- 3.2 INABILITY THESIS -- 3.2.1 Supporting inability thesis: psychology of obedience to authority -- 3.2.2 Supporting inability thesis: on the political production of culture -- 4 The Inability Thesis as the Authenticity Thesis: on "Broken Thermometers," "Genuine Beliefs," and Mass Crimes -- 4.1 RICHARD ARNESON ON MORAL INEQUALITY AND RESPONSIBILITY -- 4.2 MICHAEL ZIMMERMAN AND THE DEBATE ON "EXCUSING THE INEXCUSABLE" -- 5 Gilbert Harman on the Non-moral Character of Extreme Intentions -- Chapter Four: Moral Responsibility for Collective Crime -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptualizing Moral Responsibility -- 2.1 A PRELIMINARY DEFINITION -- 2.2 RESPONSIBILITY AS A RELATIONSHIP -- 3 Social Groups -- 3.1 THE CHALLENGE OF METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM.

AbstractThe process of making ethical judgments is much more complex than studying only personal moral philosophy variables (idealism and relativism). The renewed interest in epistemic values (virtue and vice epistemology) in contemporary philosophy has shown significant relevance to understanding ethical behavior and such values may be better predictors than studying only idealism and relativism. The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine employees' personal moral philosophies, optimism, epistemic values, and various organizational unethical practices as compared to their managers. We used Rawwas' items of epistemology in this study. The sample consisted of 262 managers and employees. The results revealed that managers were more sensitive to organizational unethical practices, scored less on epistemic vices, less on absolutism, and more on exceptionalism than employees were. However, there was no difference between managers and employees related to moderate and minor unethical organizational practices, situationism, subjectivism, optimism, and epistemic virtues. We provided discussion of the results and implications.

The book offers an account of moral and political disagreement, explaining its nature and showing how we should deal with it. It shows how a pragmatist account will help us dealing with the most challenging kinds of moral and political disagreement and overcoming the menaces of skepticism and relativism while not relying upon illusory and unworkable ideals of reason.

This book brings out the way in which the twentieth century philosopher R. M. Hare has attempted to break the deadlock to which his contemporary moral theories had been led, i.e. irrationalism and relativism. Taking his point of departure from these theories, he suggests that the logical rules we reach from the linguistic analysis of moral language can have implications on the normative level, which in their form are in agreement with the principle of utility. So he differs from his contemporary philosophers because he argues that we engage in moral philosophy with a view to clarifying and sol

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Laying New Foundations for Ethics -- 1. The Origin of Ethics and the Rise of Moral Relativism -- 2. Evolutionary Progress as the Highest Good -- 3. Organizing Evolutionary Ethics -- 2. Devaluing Human Life -- 4. The Value of Life and the Value of Death -- 5. The Specter ofInferiority: Devaluing the Disabled and "Unproductive -- 6. The Science of Racial Inequality -- 3. Eliminating the "Inferior Ones -- 7. Controlling Reproduction: Overturning Traditional Sexual Morality -- 8. Killing the "Unfit -- 9. War and Peace -- 10. Racial Struggle and Extermination -- 4. Impacts -- 11. Hitler's Ethic -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Postcommunist reforms in Russia & Eastern Europe have utterly failed because capitalism has been "built with the tools of communism." The postcommunist states have retained the fundamental views of moral relativism & internationalism, maintaining the underlying ideologies of communism. A capitalist class has not been created, true freedom has not been secured, workers have been given few rights, & a monopolistic production structure has been preserved. The decline of the state has had disastrous effects on the market, while reforms have reversed economic growth in the region. Though evolutionists predicted these consequences, few expected the effects to prove so catastrophic. K. Larsen

Статья посвящена особенностям проявления морали и нравственного сознания в условиях демократизации российского общества. Моральная дезориентация породила господство утилитарных политических интересов, подрывая упорядоченность российского социума. Идеи рынка и демократии не могут автоматически обновить моральные установки участников политического процесса в условиях постмодернистской политики. Возникло противоречие между практикой политической власти и демократическими идеалами. В результате происходит усиление аномии и морального релятивизма, что снижает уровень моральных требований в отношении власти. ; The article deals with the peculiarities of manifestation of morality and moral identity in the context of democratization of the Russian society. Moral disorientation gave rise to the dominance of utilitarian political interests, undermining the orderliness of the Russian society. The ideas of market and democracy can't automatically update the moral attitudes of political actors in the postmodern politics. There is a contradiction between the practice of political power and the democratic ideals. It has resulted in the strengthening of anomie and moral relativism, reducing the level of moral requirements put upon the power.

This book collects nine seminal essays by Mark Richard published between 1980 and 2014, alongside four new essays and an introduction that puts the essays in context. Each essay is an attempt, in one way or another, to understand the idea of a proposition. Part I discusses whether the objects of thought and assertion can change truth value over time. Part II develops and defends a relativist view of the objects of assertion and thought; it includes discussions of the nature of disagreement, moral relativism, and responds to important objections to relativism. It also explores the idea that thoughts and assertions may be neither true nor false. Part III discusses issues having to do with relations between sentential and propositional structure. Among the topics discussed in Part III are the semantics of quotation, 'mixed quotation', opacity, philosophical analysis and propositional structure, and the semantics of demonstratives and clausal complements

Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint addresses in a novel format the major topics and themes of contemporary metaethics, the study of the analysis of moral thought and judgement. Metathetics is less concerned with what practices are right or wrong than with what we mean by 'right' and 'wrong.' Looking at a wide spectrum of topics including moral language, realism and anti-realism, reasons and motives, relativism, and moral progress, this book engages students and general readers in order to enhance their understanding of morality and moral discourse as cultural practices. Catherine Wilson innovatively employs a first-person narrator to report step-by-step an individual's reflections, beginning from a position of radical scepticism, on the possibility of objective moral knowledge. The reader is invited to follow along with this reasoning, and to challenge or agree with each major point. Incrementally, the narrator is led to certain definite conclusions about 'oughts' and norms in connection with self-interest, prudence, social norms, and finally morality. Scepticism is overcome, and the narrator arrives at a good understanding of how moral knowledge and moral progress are possible, though frequently long in coming. Accessibly written, Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint presupposes no prior training in philosophy and is a must-read for philosophers, students and general readers interested in gaining a better understanding of morality as a personal philosophical quest.

"Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint addresses in a novel format the major topics and themes of contemporary metaethics, the study of the analysis of moral thought and judgement. Metathetics is less concerned with what practices are right or wrong than with what we mean by 'right' and 'wrong.' Looking at a wide spectrum of topics including moral language, realism and anti-realism, reasons and motives, relativism, and moral progress, this book engages students and general readers in order to enhance their understanding of morality and moral discourse as cultural practices. Catherine Wilson innovatively employs a first-person narrator to report step-by-step an individual's reflections, beginning from a position of radical scepticism, on the possibility of objective moral knowledge. The reader is invited to follow along with this reasoning, and to challenge or agree with each major point. Incrementally, the narrator is led to certain definite conclusions about 'oughts' and norms in connection with self-interest, prudence, social norms, and finally morality. Scepticism is overcome, and the narrator arrives at a good understanding of how moral knowledge and moral progress are possible, though frequently long in coming. Accessibly written, Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint presupposes no prior training in philosophy and is a must-read for philosophers, students and general readers interested in gaining a better understanding of morality as a personal philosophical quest."--Publisher's website

This 2010 text pursues Adam Smith's views on moral judgement, humanitarian care, commerce, justice and international law both in historical context and through a twenty-first-century cosmopolitan lens, making this a major contribution not only to Smith studies but also to the history of cosmopolitan thought and to contemporary cosmopolitan discourse itself. Forman-Barzilai breaks ground, demonstrating the spatial texture of Smith's moral psychology and the ways he believed that physical, affective and cultural distance constrain the identities, connections and ethical obligations of modern commercial people. Forman-Barzilai emphasizes his resistance to the sort of relativism, moral insularity and cultural chauvinism that too often accompany localist critiques of cosmopolitan thought today. This is a fascinating, revisionist study that integrates the perspectives of intellectual history, moral philosophy, political theory, cultural theory, international relations theory and political economy, and will appeal across the humanities and social sciences