Suchergebnisse

Seria: Multi-Annual Programme 2005-2009. The economic and social conditions of the development of the Polish food economy following Poland's accession to the European Union, no 56.1 ; Przedstawiono wyniki badań z 2006 r. prowadzonych w ramach wieloletniego programu badawczego "Ekonomiczne i społeczne uwarunkowania rozwoju polskiej gospodarki żywnościowej po wstąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej". Synteza dotyczy 7 zadań badawczych wchodzących w skład programu. ; Kamila Sobiecka

Seria: Multi-Annual Programme 2005-2009. The economic and social conditions of the development of the Polish food economy following Poland's accession to the European Union, no 23.1 ; Polska gospodarka żywnościowa w pierwszym roku członkostwa w UE. Wpływ funduszy strukturalnych UE na rozwój obszarów wiejskich w pierwszym roku członkostwa. Generalna koncepcja rozwoju wsi wspieranego przez fundusze strukturalne i fundusz kohezji w latach 2007-2013. Monitorowanie i analiza zmian polskiego rolnictwa na globalnym rynku rolnym. Polskie przedsiębiorstwa rolnicze w pierwszym roku członkostwa. Regionalne zróżnicowanie rozwoju rolnictwa i jego wpływ na ekonomiczno-społeczne problemy obszarów wiejskich. Standardowa nadwyżka bezpośrednia dla wybranych produktów rolniczych i klasyfikacja gospodarstw rolniczych wg wymagań UE. ; Kamila Sobiecka

Abstract – The transition to a contractual relationship between government and Infrastructure Manager under Directive 2012/34 /EU requires the possession of contract management skills and the development of key performance indicators (KPIs). Previous activities related to the Multi Annual Infrastructure Contract (MAIC) have been exclusively in the field of the Annual Infrastructure Maintenance Program implementation (railway maintenance, public procurement, and supervision of civil works implementation). However, under Directive 2012/34/EU it is necessary to introduce a system of performance indicators for upgrading/modernize infrastructure to obtain value for money. The paper presents a systematic approach in determining the KPIs and their merits on the example of a contract between the Government of Montenegro and the Railway Infrastructure manager of Montenegro (ŽICG JSC) with the aim to improve the operation and quality of services of ŽICG JSC and the condition of railway infrastructure in Montenegro as well. Keywords – Key performance indicators, railway infrastructure Multi-annual contract.

AbstractThis paper explores the changing aid relationship between the European Union (EU) and Africa since the early 2000s, emphasising the existence of a paradox: on the one hand, the EU has been preoccupied with improving the quality of its aid; on the other hand, it has failed to fully take into account the voice of the recipients in the design of the Country Strategy Papers (CSPs). The failure to promote local ownership is due to the excessive preoccupation of the European Commission with showing that it is able to commit and spend money quickly and to the new emphasis on ensuring increased coordination and complementarity with the Member States, which results in a reduced space for negotiations with recipient countries. More controversial are the conclusions on the EU's contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

9 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105814 ; A multi-annual generalized depletion (MAGD) model was applied to the data-limited Mediterranean sandeel boat seine fishery in Catalonia. The results show that catch and effort data at high temporal frequency (month), complemented with biological information on mean body weight and initial estimates of natural mortality and time of recruitment to the fishery, can be used to produce assessment results of interest to fisheries management. The estimates of fishing mortality obtained for the Mediterranean sandeel in this fishery are very low compared to natural mortality estimates (less than 10 %) and the important fluctuations in recruitment strength suggest that the dynamics of this fishery are mainly driven by density-dependent effects on the population dynamics of the species. Given the high rate of natural mortality estimated (∼ M = 2 y), its short life-span (1–2 y) and that exploitation is based on age 0 individuals, it is recommended to keep exploitation rates at current levels (<4%), which can be adapted on a short time basis, subject to the perceived availability of the stock. This low exploitation rate is compatible with a precautionary escapement biomass of 40 %. A parallel stock assessment was carried out with a surplus production model (SPiCT), which led to similar trends in biomass and fishing mortality as the MAGD model application. The parameter estimates obtained with both models have wide confidence intervals, particularly for the quantities related to population size, suggesting that these data-limited models are likely to suffer from low precision. Precision was lower for SPiCT than for MAGD, and the performance diagnostics for SPiCT were poor. The MAGD model can be used for small-scale fisheries that are unlikely to meet the requirements of standard stock assessments based on catch-at-age methods and can provide indicators (fishing mortality, vulnerable biomass) of interest to fisheries managers ; The Fisheries Service of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia provided funding for this study. With the funding support of the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)

Drought and heat stress affect global wheat production and food security. Since these climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity due to anthropogenic climate change, there is a growing need for effective planning and adaptive actions at all timescales relevant to the stakeholders and users in this sector. This work aims at assessing the forecast quality in predicting the evolution of drought and heat stress by using user-relevant agro-climatic indices such as Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Heat Magnitude Day Index (HMDI) on a multi-annual timescale, as this time horizon coincides with the long-term strategic planning of stakeholders in the wheat sector. We present the probabilistic skill and reliability of initialized decadal forecast to predict these indices for the months preceding the wheat harvest on a global spatial scale. The results reveal the usefulness of the study in a climate services context while showing that decadal climate forecasts are skillful and reliable over several wheat harvesting regions. ; We would like to acknowledge financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (MED-GOLD; Grant No. 776467, EUCP; Grant No. 776613 and FOCUS-Africa; Grant No. 869575) and from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) as part of the project CLINSA (Grant No. CGL2017-85791-R). This study has also received support from C3S_34c (contract number: ECMWF/COPERNICUS/2019/C3S_34c_DWD) of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) operated by ECMWF. B.S.M. acknowledges additional financial support from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie fellowship (Grant No. 713673) and from a fellowship of 'la Caixa' Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/IN17/11620038. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

As a consequence of the 2008-2009 international financial crisis the European Union is undergoing per-haps its most difficult period since the beginnings of the European integration. The response to this challenge includes decisions and planned steps to strengthen fiscal discipline in the member states, safeguard measures against a falling-apart of the eurozone and the introduction of a Union-wide super-vision of the European banking sector. A new fiscal capacity (budget) for the eurozone is under consid-eration. It seems that the extraordinary situation has triggered a wave of extraordinary reforms throughout the EU. In one area, the Community Budget, however, time seems to have stopped temporarily. The European Council of 22-23 November 2012 was unable to arrive at a compromise on the terms of the Multi-annual Financial Framework (MFF or the EU budget) and postponed the decision to 7-8 February. The contradiction between the decades-old unsolved budgetary problems and the rapidly changing environment cannot be greater as it is now.

Since 1996 the planning of the Brazilian Government's investment has been organized into four-year plans: Brazil in Action (1996-1999), Advance Brazil (2000- 2003), PPA [Multi-Annual Plan] (2004-2007), PAC [Program for the Acceleration of Growth] (2008-2011), and PAC-2 (2012-2015). Each plan has included a long list of roads, dams and other large infrastructure projects in the Amazon. Several of these projects have been included in a number of plans because economic constraints have prevented the completion of the projects at the pace initially imagined. This is the case with projects such as the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam and the BR-163 (Cuiabá-Santarém) and BR- 319 (Manaus-Porto Velho) Highways. These delayed projects are now either under construction or about to start. Models have been developed by different groups to predict the future consequences if projects such as these are undertaken. Different models capture different aspects of the problem, and many of them indicate large increases in deforestation and degradation with serious environmental and social implications. One of the models takes as a point of departure the assumption that roads would have negligible or even beneficial effects on total deforestation, but this contradicts what is observed in the real world.

International audience ; Rabies diagnosis proficiency tests on animal specimens using four techniques (FAT, RTCIT, conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR) were organised over 10 years (2009–2019). Seventy-three laboratories, of which 59% were from Europe, took part. As the panels were prepared with experimentally-infected samples, the error rate of laboratories on positive and negative samples was accurately estimated. Based on fitted values produced by mixed modelling including the variable "laboratory" as a random variable to take into account the longitudinal design of our dataset, the technique that provided the most concordant results was conventional RT-PCR (99.3%; 95% CI 99.0–99.6), closely followed by FAT (99.1%; 95% CI 98.7–99.4), real-time RT-PCR (98.7%; 95% CI 98.1–99.3) and then RTCIT (96.8%; 95% CI 95.8–97.7). We also found that conventional RT-PCR provided a better diagnostic sensitivity level (99.3% ±4.4%) than FAT (98.7% ±1.6%), real-time RT-PCR (97.9% ±0.8%) and RTCIT (95.3% ±5.1%). Regarding diagnostic specificity, RTCIT was the most specific technique (96.4% ±3.9%) followed closely by FAT (95.6% ±3.8%), real-time RT-PCR (95.0% ±1.8%) and conventional RT-PCR (92.9% ±0.5%). Due to multiple testing of the samples with different techniques, the overall diagnostic conclusion was also evaluated, and found to reach an inter-laboratory concordance level of 99.3%. The concordance for diagnostic sensitivity was 99.6% ±2.0% and for diagnostic specificity, 98.0% ±8.5%. Molecular biology techniques were, however, found to be less specific than expected. The potential reasons for such findings are discussed herein. The regular organisation of performance tests has contributed to an increase in the performance of participating laboratories over time, demonstrating the benefits of such testing. Maintaining a high-quality rabies diagnosis capability on a global scale is key to achieving the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies deaths. The regular organisation of exercises on each continent using ...

International audience ; Rabies diagnosis proficiency tests on animal specimens using four techniques (FAT, RTCIT, conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR) were organised over 10 years (2009–2019). Seventy-three laboratories, of which 59% were from Europe, took part. As the panels were prepared with experimentally-infected samples, the error rate of laboratories on positive and negative samples was accurately estimated. Based on fitted values produced by mixed modelling including the variable "laboratory" as a random variable to take into account the longitudinal design of our dataset, the technique that provided the most concordant results was conventional RT-PCR (99.3%; 95% CI 99.0–99.6), closely followed by FAT (99.1%; 95% CI 98.7–99.4), real-time RT-PCR (98.7%; 95% CI 98.1–99.3) and then RTCIT (96.8%; 95% CI 95.8–97.7). We also found that conventional RT-PCR provided a better diagnostic sensitivity level (99.3% ±4.4%) than FAT (98.7% ±1.6%), real-time RT-PCR (97.9% ±0.8%) and RTCIT (95.3% ±5.1%). Regarding diagnostic specificity, RTCIT was the most specific technique (96.4% ±3.9%) followed closely by FAT (95.6% ±3.8%), real-time RT-PCR (95.0% ±1.8%) and conventional RT-PCR (92.9% ±0.5%). Due to multiple testing of the samples with different techniques, the overall diagnostic conclusion was also evaluated, and found to reach an inter-laboratory concordance level of 99.3%. The concordance for diagnostic sensitivity was 99.6% ±2.0% and for diagnostic specificity, 98.0% ±8.5%. Molecular biology techniques were, however, found to be less specific than expected. The potential reasons for such findings are discussed herein. The regular organisation of performance tests has contributed to an increase in the performance of participating laboratories over time, demonstrating the benefits of such testing. Maintaining a high-quality rabies diagnosis capability on a global scale is key to achieving the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies deaths. The regular organisation of exercises on each continent using selected local strains to be tested according to the local epidemiological situation is one factor that could help increase reliable diagnosis worldwide. Rabies diagnosis capabilities could indeed be enhanced by providing adequate and sustainable proficiency testing on a large scale and in the long term