This article evaluates three general types of computer-assisted approaches to multicriteria decision problems in which the decision criteria are attributes as opposed to objectives. Several programs specifically designed for multiattribute problems are discussed, as well as spreadsheet and decision-tree software. The analysis centers on both the methodolog ical merits of the various approaches, as well as the concerns peculiar to the computer application.
Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present generation, but does not compromise the satisfaction of future generations&rsquo ; needs. It emphasizes the concept of needs and constraints. Women&rsquo ; s lack of development is not the result of insufficient involvement in production, but the fact that much of the cost paid by women is ignored and they do not get the rewards and affirmations they deserve. There are also many other factors of uncertainty. Therefore, this study considers that grey multiattribute decision-making refers to when there are factors of uncertain or incomplete information in the process of decision-making, after obtaining the actual decision-making combination effect by calculating the effect of the combination of all possible decision-making elements to select a scheme according to the decision matrix. The research results show that a mixed economic system is the best scheme for women&rsquo ; s economic security. Developing a gender and sustainable environment can be optimized by actively creating new friendly workplace practices, including designing flexible working hours and working environments, promoting multiple vacation schemes, assisting employees in their career development, and providing family care and support services.
Many of the complex problems faced by decision makers involve uncertainty as well as multiple conflicting objectives. This book provides a complete understanding of the types of objective functions that should be used in multiattribute decision making. By using tools such as preference, value, and utility functions, readers will learn state-of-the-art methods to analyze prospects to guide decision making and will develop a process that guarantees a defensible analysis to rationalize choices. Summarizing and distilling classical techniques and providing extensive coverage of recent advances in the field, the author offers practical guidance on how to make good decisions in the face of uncertainty. This text will appeal to graduate students and practitioners alike in systems engineering, operations research, business, management, government, climate change, energy, and healthcare
In the present study it was shown that decision heuristics and confidence judgements play important roles in the building of preferences. Based on a dual-process account of thinking, the study compared people who did well versus poorly on a series of decision heuristics and overconfidence judgement tasks. The two groups were found to differ with regard to their information search behaviour in introduced multiattribute choice tasks. High performers on the judgemental tasks were less influenced in their decision processes by numerical information format (probabilities vs. frequencies) compared to low performers. They also looked at more attributes and spent more time on the multiattribute choice tasks. The results reveal that performance on decision heuristics and overconfidence tasks has a bearing both on heuristic and analytic processes in multiattribute decision making.
This volume is devoted to models and methods in multiple objectives decision making. The importance of the multiple dimensions of decision making was first recognised during the 1960s and since then progress has been made in that theoretical or application oriented contributions may now be categorized under two main headings:- Multiattribute Decision Making (MADM) which concerns the sorting, the ranking or the evaluation of objects of choice according to several criteria and Multiobjective Decision Making (MODM) which deals with the vector optimization in mathematical programming. The above are also presented in the context of various applications, namely banking, environment, health, manpower, media, portfolio and traffic control, resulting in a book for a wide variety of readers
Public relations decision making by U.S. Air Force public affairs personnel was evaluated by using multiattribute utility theory. Exploratory cluster analysis revealed that only 48% of the decisions adequately fit the public relations excellence criteria of accommodation and long-term relationship building. Fourteen percent of the decisions were based on asymmetrical options with a clear emphasis on leverage for the organization, and 37% of the decisions focused on communication tactics. There was a negative correlation between strength of relationship with the supervisor and preference for symmetrical solutions. Furthermore, female employees reported a weaker relationship with their supervisors than their male counterparts.
AbstractStrategic investment decisions entail intertemporal resource allocation. Given relative resource availability and favourable environmental dynamics, effective strategic investment planning is a major determinant of overall corporate financial performance. This paper advances a methodology for optimizing intertemporal investment decisions through a consensus‐oriented process. This process entails identifying the strategic investment factors, their relative importance, and their assumed values relevant to the timing of each investment program. The paper also provides a methodology for determining the system's priority formulation as the model's objective function. This information generates an optimization matrix designated by investment programs and time. This matrix is then optimized through a hierarchical goal‐programming model that maximizes overall strategic investment decisions. The model was applied to a major capital investment program in the state of New York.RésuméLes décisions d'investissements stratégiques impliquent une allocation de ressources intertemporelles. étant donné la disponibilité relative des ressources et de bonnes dynamiques environnementales, une planification efficace des investissements stratégiques est le déterminant principal de l'ensemble des résultats financiers d'une entreprise. La présente recherche propose une méthodologie pour optimiser les décisions d'investissements intertemporels au moyen d'un processus orienté vers le consensus (consensus‐oriented). Ce processus comprend tout d'abord l'identification des facteurs d'investissements stratégiques, puis leur importance relative et leur valeur supposée en rapport avec l'échelonnage dans le temps de chaque programme d'investissement. Elle propose également une méthodologie pour déterminer la formulation de la priorité du système ainsi que la fonction objective du modèle. Cette information conduit à la construction d'une matrice d'optimisation par programmes et par temps d'investissement. Cette matrice est ensuite optimisée grǎce à un modèle de programmation à but hiérarchique qui maximise les décisions globales d'investissements stratégiques. Ce modèle à été appliqué à un programme d'investissement en immobilisations dans l'état de New York.
Radiation protection authorities have seen a potential for applying multiattribute risk analysis in nuclear emergency management and planning to deal with conflicting objectives, different parties involved, and uncertainties. This type of approach is expected to help in the following areas: to ensure that all relevant attributes are considered in decision making; to enhance communication between the concerned parties, including the public; and to provide a method for explicitly including risk analysis in the process. A multiattribute utility theory analysis was used to select a strategy for protecting the population after a simulated nuclear accident. The value‐focused approach and the use of a neutral facilitator were identified as being useful.
The problem of measuring the quality of health care is one of the most evasive, yet important, problems in medical administration. Outcome measures, the ultimate validators of care, suffer from a number of drawbacks. Multiattribute utility (MAU) analysis can potentially resolve many of the issues involved in quality assurance. In this paper the potential contributions of MAU analysis are outlined, a number of MAU studies contributing to quality measurement discussed, and suggestions for quality assurance systems made ; Supported in part by the Foundation Research Office of Naval Research ; http://archive.org/details/multiattributeap00giau ; N0001476WR60052 ; NA
The exercise of conscience can have far reaching effects. Poor behaviour can be fatal, as it has occurred in various medical scandals over the years. This article takes a wide definition of conscience as its starting point, and argues that the decision-making processes open to society--legal regulation and professional regulation--can serve to limit the options available to an individual and thus her ability to exercise her conscience. The article charts the law's changing attitude to legal intervention, which now seeks to limit the use of conscience by individuals, and addresses concerns that this may serve to 'de-moralise' medicine. It also examines the reasons for this legal change of approach. ; Peer-reviewed ; Post-print