Suchergebnisse

Autor u radu preispituje temeljne koncepte klasičnih teorija političkog odlučivanja i njihove usporedbe s donošenjem odluka tijekom rata. Obrađuju se dvije pionirske teorije političkog odlučivanja: ograničena racionalnost i inkrementalizam. Sukladno tome, autor prvo izlaže teorijski okvir u kojem opisuje prethodno navedene teorije te iznosi njihove temeljne koncepte. Potom se autor bavi vanjskom i obrambenom politikom te odlučivanjem u ratu, s fokusom na temeljne postulate rata Carla von Clausewitza. Nakon toga autor daje raspravu u kojoj preispituje sličnosti koncepata klasičnih teorija odlučivanja s temeljnim postulatima rata. U zaključku autor iznosi stajalište da se koncepti ograničene racionalnosti više podudaraju s postulatima rata nego inkrementalizam. ; The author of the paper examines the fundamental concepts of classical theories of political decision-making and comparisons with decision-making during wartime. Two theories at the forefront are examined: bounded rationality and incrementalism. In accordance with that, a theoretical construct is first conveyed and used to describe the aforementioned theories, as well as their fundamental concepts. Then, the author moves onto foreign and defense policy, as well as decision-making during wartime, focusing on Carl von Clausewitz's key postulates of war. This is followed by a discussion about the similarities between the classical concepts of decision-making and the basic postulates of war. To conclude, the author expresses the standpoint that the concepts of bounded rationality are more in keeping with the postulates of war than is the case with incrementalism.

Rad se bavi decizionističkim pravcem u izučavanju organizacije i cilj mu je prikazati teoriju američkog nobelovca Herberta Simona kao njezinoga glavnog predstavnika. U radu se analiziraju neposredno Simonovi tekstovi, radovi drugih autora, njegovih bliskih suradnika, ali i kritičara, te domaća literatura koja se bavi odlučivanjem u organizaciji i problemom odlučivanja općenito. Iako je prepoznat njegov izvanredni doprinos disciplini, u domaćoj literaturi iz područja teorije organizacije nedostaje sustavan pregled Simonova rada. Cilj je ovog rada popuniti tu prazninu. U radu se najprije analiziraju temeljni koncepti Simonove teorije odlučivanja: racionalnost odlučivanja i, posebno, ograničenja racionalnosti, potraga za zadovoljavajućim rješenjem, heuristika, razlikovanje između programiranih i neprogramiranih odluka. Zatim se iznosi Simonovo razumijevanje organizacija argumentirajući kako ono počiva na razlikovanju između dvije vrste odluka: odluke o pristupanju u članstvo i drugih odluka koje se donose unutar organizacije. Konačno, zadnji dio rada bavi se kritikom Simonove teorije odlučivanja i teorije organizacije. ; The paper deals with the decisionist approach to organization theory and presents the work of American Nobel laureate Herbert Simon as its chief representative. Information is collected from the work written by Simon himself, from books and papers authored by other people, most notably his close associates and critics, as well as Croatian literature dealing with decision-making in organizations and decision-making in general. Although his extraordinary contribution to several disciplines is recognized in the domestic literature, there is no systematic overview of Simon's work. This paper aims to fill this void. First part of the paper tackles the basic concepts of Simon's decisionmaking theory: rationality of decision-making and, in particular, bounded rationality, search for a satisfying solution (satisficing), heuristics, and differentiation between programmed and non-programmed decisions. The paper proceeds by presenting Simon's understanding of decision-making within the organizational setting. It is argued that Simon's understanding of organizations is anchored in the differentiation between two types of decisions: decision to participate and decision to produce (intraorganizational decisions). Finally, the last part of the paper explores criticism of Simon's work.

Odlučivanje podrazumijeva odabir između nekoliko mogućih alternativa koji za cilj imaju donošenje odluke. Te alternative ovise o situacijama i tipu problema o kojem se odlučuje kao i interakciji s relevantnim utjecajnim čimbenicima pri donošenju odluke. Donošenje kvalitetne odluke uzima u obzir sva ograničenja u odlučivanju kako bi donositelji odluka izvršili racionalan izbor. Na odlučivanje utječu unutarnji i vanjski čimbenici. Unutarnji čimbenici podrazumijevaju osobni utjecaj pojedinca, emocije, stavove i razmišljanja dok vanjske čimbenike predstavljaju roditelji i obitelj, prijatelji i poznanici, država i institucionalne potpore, ekonomska situacija te utjecaj partnera. U proces racionalnog donošenja odluka potrebno je uključiti i vanjske i unutarnje čimbenike jer je njihova sinergija nužna za analitičko usklađenje racionalnog i intuitivnog razmišljanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je analiza i sistematizacija svih tih utjecajnih čimbenika u situacijama donošenja odluka na primjeru opće populacije i beskućnika. Navedene hipoteze u ovom radu nastojati će se povezati s teorijskim postavkama s područja odlučivanja i racionalnosti te protumačiti eventualne različitosti ili odstupanja očekivanja od rezultata. ; Decision-making involves choosing between several possible alternatives which have decision-making as the goal. These alternatives depend on the situation, the type of problem and the interaction with the relevant influencing factors in the decision-making process. The process of making a quality decision considers all the limitations in the decision-making process so that the decision makers are able to make a rational choice. Decision-making is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include the individual's personal influence, emotions, attitudes and reflections while external factors include parents and family, friends, state and institutional support, economic situation and the influence of one's partner. The process of rational decision-making needs to involve both external and internal factors because their synergy is necessary for the analytical alignment of rational and intuitive thinking. The goal of this research is to analyze and systematize all these influencing factors in decision-making situations based on the example of the general population and the homeless people. The hypotheses stated in this paper will try to connect to theoretical postulates in the areas of decision-making and rationality in order to interpret possible differences or deviations of the expectations from the results.

Odlučivanje podrazumijeva odabir između nekoliko mogućih alternativa koji za cilj imaju donošenje odluke. Te alternative ovise o situacijama i tipu problema o kojem se odlučuje kao i interakciji s relevantnim utjecajnim čimbenicima pri donošenju odluke. Donošenje kvalitetne odluke uzima u obzir sva ograničenja u odlučivanju kako bi donositelji odluka izvršili racionalan izbor. Na odlučivanje utječu unutarnji i vanjski čimbenici. Unutarnji čimbenici podrazumijevaju osobni utjecaj pojedinca, emocije, stavove i razmišljanja dok vanjske čimbenike predstavljaju roditelji i obitelj, prijatelji i poznanici, država i institucionalne potpore, ekonomska situacija te utjecaj partnera. U proces racionalnog donošenja odluka potrebno je uključiti i vanjske i unutarnje čimbenike jer je njihova sinergija nužna za analitičko usklađenje racionalnog i intuitivnog razmišljanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je analiza i sistematizacija svih tih utjecajnih čimbenika u situacijama donošenja odluka na primjeru opće populacije i beskućnika. Navedene hipoteze u ovom radu nastojati će se povezati s teorijskim postavkama s područja odlučivanja i racionalnosti te protumačiti eventualne različitosti ili odstupanja očekivanja od rezultata. ; Decision-making involves choosing between several possible alternatives which have decision-making as the goal. These alternatives depend on the situation, the type of problem and the interaction with the relevant influencing factors in the decision-making process. The process of making a quality decision considers all the limitations in the decision-making process so that the decision makers are able to make a rational choice. Decision-making is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include the individual's personal influence, emotions, attitudes and reflections while external factors include parents and family, friends, state and institutional support, economic situation and the influence of one's partner. The process of rational decision-making needs to involve both external and ...

Nedavno održani referendum o izlasku Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva iz Europske unije te najave budućih referenduma u drugim državama članicama, uz pozivanje na prvenstvo "volje naroda", nameću potrebu podrobnijeg istraživanja stvarne uloge neposrednog odlučivanja građana u Uniji. Ovaj rad pridonosi tome analizom temeljnih problema s kojima se, kao složeni politički sustav, Unija mora nositi. Oslanjanjem na usporedno federalističko iskustvo ističemo dvostruki problem višerazinskog političkog prostora te problem prevođenja ovlasti i osporavanja takva prijevoda izravnodemokratskim putem. Te dvije teškoće zajedno dovode do toga da je od izravnog sudjelovanja građana u odlučivanju o "europskim pitanjima" teško očekivati ikakav siguran ishod. ; The purpose of this paper is to present two basic ways in which a path has been laid for EU citizens to directly participate in decision-making on issues related to the Union, and to analyse the main obstacles for them to functioning. The direct participation criterion removed from our attention those forms of citizen engagement that rely on intermediaries who are either elected national or European representatives, or are embodied in civil society organisations. The idea of participation should have covered two fundamental instruments that directly relate to citizens: national referenda on European issues and the European Citizens' Initiative. Our analysis shows that there are several obstacles in the construction of the Union which have a significant effect on any reference to the directly expressed will of the people. The basis of this great number of problems is certainly the specific multi-layered political arena of the Union, which, on one hand, weakens any national referendum in terms of its supranational significance, and, on the other hand, imposes on citizens, through the European Citizens' Initiative, high requirements to adapt to the logic of supranational mechanisms. When considering the complaints that are usually directed at the direct decision-making of citizens, the idea of establishing a direct link between the Union and the citizens of particular Members States still has a long path of development before it.

Nedavno održani referendum o izlasku Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva iz Europske unije te najave budućih referenduma u drugim državama članicama, uz pozivanje na prvenstvo "volje naroda", nameću potrebu podrobnijeg istraživanja stvarne uloge neposrednog odlučivanja građana u Uniji. Ovaj rad pridonosi tome analizom temeljnih problema s kojima se, kao složeni politički sustav, Unija mora nositi. Oslanjanjem na usporedno federalističko iskustvo ističemo dvostruki problem višerazinskog političkog prostora te problem prevođenja ovlasti i osporavanja takva prijevoda izravnodemokratskim putem. Te dvije teškoće zajedno dovode do toga da je od izravnog sudjelovanja građana u odlučivanju o "europskim pitanjima" teško očekivati ikakav siguran ishod. ; The purpose of this paper is to present two basic ways in which a path has been laid for EU citizens to directly participate in decision-making on issues related to the Union, and to analyse the main obstacles for them to functioning. The direct participation criterion removed from our attention those forms of citizen engagement that rely on intermediaries who are either elected national or European representatives, or are embodied in civil society organisations. The idea of participation should have covered two fundamental instruments that directly relate to citizens: national referenda on European issues and the European Citizens' Initiative. Our analysis shows that there are several obstacles in the construction of the Union which have a significant effect on any reference to the directly expressed will of the people. The basis of this great number of problems is certainly the specific multi-layered political arena of the Union, which, on one hand, weakens any national referendum in terms of its supranational significance, and, on the other hand, imposes on citizens, through the European Citizens' Initiative, high requirements to adapt to the logic of supranational mechanisms. When considering the complaints that are usually directed at the direct decision-making of citizens, the ...

Članak analizira poticaje za prijelaz iz nezaposlenosti u zaposlenost izražene pomoću različitih financijskih pokazatelja u Sloveniji i uspoređuje ih s onima u državama EU. Članak daje pregled glavnih značajki politika isplativosti rada i raspravlja razloge za njihovu primjenu u Sloveniji. Pokazuje se da u Sloveniji obitelji i pojedinci koji ne rade imaju slabe poticaje za pronalaženje posla, jer za mnoge se "posao ne isplati". Naknade za nezaposlene i novčane naknade, zajedno s visokim poreznim klinom, odvraćaju od rada. Kako bi se riješio ovaj problem, Slovenija bi trebala razmotriti uvođenje dodataka za zapošljavanje, naknada za zaposlene ili oboje. Trenutačno takve politike gotovo ne postoje. U svjetlu međunarodnih uspješnih iskustava s takvim politikama i s obzirom na visoki destimulirajući učinak koji stvaraju zamke nezaposlenosti, neaktivnosti i niskih plaća, takve politike u Sloveniji imaju veliki potencijal za poticanje prijelaza iz nezaposlenosti u zaposlenost i ostanak u radnom odnosu. ; The paper analyzes incentives for making transition from non-employment to work as expressed by various financial indicators in Slovenia and compares them to the EU countries. It also provides an overview of the main features of making-work-pay policies and discusses reasoning for their implementation in Slovenia. The paper shows that in Slovenia, families and individuals who are not working have poor incentives to find a job – because for many, "it does not pay to work." Unemployment benefits and cash transfers, coupled with high tax wedge, create high work disincentives. To address this issue, Slovenia should consider introducing into-work benefits, in-work benefits, or both. Presently such policies are virtually non-existent. In the light of international successful experiences with such policies and given the strong work disincentive created by unemployment, inactivity and low-pay traps, in Slovenia such policies have a great potential to stimulate transitions from non-employment to employment and stay in employment.

The author presents the complex institutional framework of the youth policy in Croatia using the theoretical insights from network management, described in the edited volume by Kickert, Klijn & Koppenjan Managing Complex Networks, as well as the typology of Theodor Lowi who recognizes four basic types of policies: distributive, redistributive, regulative & constitutive. The analysis shows that the youth policy in Croatia is basically a redistributive policy with elements of regulative policy. It is also shown that the success of the policy depends on strengthening the roof youth organization that could be both a partner & a critic in the working of government. Exploring whether young people have material goods, whether they are represented in the formal decision making bodies & whether they are well informed, the article points to the disadvantaged position of young people in Croatia that corresponds to the concept of social exclusion, which means that young people suffer from the impossibility to influence the circumstances, rules of the game & the future development of the political community where they live. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.