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The commentary returns to the beginning of the career of multilevel governance as a distinct perspective on the European Union and European integration. At the time, multilevel governance allowed a generation of students to overcome the stylised debates between Liberal Intergovernmentalism and Neofunctionalism on how to best capture the 'nature of the beast'. At the same time, multilevel governance still privileged the role of public authorities over economic and societal actors. While subsequent studies broadened the focus to include the social partners or public interest groups, Hooghe and Marks have retained their public authority bias. The commentary argues that the focus on multilevel government rather than multilevel governance has increased the scope or applicability of Hooghe and Marks' approach, both within the European Union and beyond. At the same time, the government bias has prevented the multilevel governance approach from unlocking its full explanatory potential.

"Since the 1st edition of this monograph was published in 2004, there have been numerous developments in the statistical and computational methods used in multilevel and longitudinal modeling. Mixed-effects modeling has been solidified as a primary means for accurately and efficiently estimating a wide-variety of multilevel and longitudinal models. More complex models that include cross-level interactions, cross-classified random effects, alternative covariances structures, and the like appear much more frequently in the health and social sciences research literature. Sophisticated mixedeffects modeling procedures are now incorporated in most comprehensive statistical software packages (including R, Stata, and SAS), and thus there is less need for specialized multilevel software"--

Es wird gezeigt, dass der Begriff Multilevel Governance in der Europaforschung und in der Forschung über internationale Politik geprägt wurde. Damit wird die Tatsache erfasst, dann in einem institutionell differenziertem System Akteure unterschiedlicher Ebenen aufeinander angewiesen sind und ihre Entscheidungen koordinieren müssen. In dem Beitrag wird zunächst der Begriff Multilevel Governance präzisiert und gegen verwandte Begriffe abgegrenzt. Danach werden bereichsspezifische Theorien dargestellt, die unterschiedliche Ausprägungen von Multilevel Governance beschreiben und deren Funktionsweisen erklären. Dabei kommen intergouvernementale Beziehungen zwischen Staaten und in der europäischen Politik sowie Politikverflechtung und Parteienwettbewerb im Bundesstaat zur Sprache. (GB)