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The MUHAI consortium studies how it is possible to build AI systems that rest on meaning and understanding. We call this kind of AI meaningful AI in contrast to AI that rests exclusively on the use of statistically acquired pattern recognition and pattern completion. Because meaning and understanding are rather vague and overloaded notions there is no obvious research path to achieve it. The consortium has therefore set up a task early on in the project to explore how understanding is being discussed and treated in other human-centred research fields, more specifically in social brain science, social psychology, linguistics, semiotics, economics, social history and medicine. Our explorations have yielded a wealth of insights: about understanding in general and the role of narratives in this process, about possible applications of meaningful AI in a diverse set of human-centred fields, and about the technology gaps that need to be plugged to achieve meaningful AI.Venice International University This volume summarizes the outcome of our consultations. It has three main parts: I. A general introduction, II. A series of chapters reporting on what understanding means in various human-centered research fields other than AI, III. A short conclusion identifying key research topics for meaning-based human-centric AI. Our explorations have yielded a wealth of insights: about understanding in general and the role of narratives in this process, about possible applications of meaningful AI in a diverse set of human-centred fields, and about the technology gaps that need to be plugged to achieve meaningful AI.

Abstract
This article proposes the concept of implicit narrative as an analytic tool that helps to articulate how cultural models of narrative sense-making steer us to certain patterns of experience, discourse, and interaction, and the concept of narrative agency as an analytic tool for theorizing and evaluating the processes in which we navigate our narrative environments, which consist of a range of implicit narratives. As a touchstone for developing these theoretical concepts, which serve not only narrative studies but also overlapping fields such as memory studies and cultural studies, the article analyzes the implicit cultural narrative that has most strongly dominated public discourse on the coronavirus pandemic: the narrative of war. Thereby, the article also contributes to the analysis of pandemic storytelling and its effects on us, as the cultural memory of the pandemic is currently taking shape and affecting our orientation to the future.

Die Untersuchung von Gegen-Narrativen ist ein vielversprechender, aber zugleich weitgehend vernachlässigter Ansatz in der Erzählforschung. Ich gehe in diesem Beitrag davon aus, dass das Konzept der Gegen-Narrative in der Lage ist, theoretisch und methodologisch kulturelle, politische und individuelle Inhalte von Narrationen mit deren Form in neuer Weise in Beziehung zu setzen. Hierzu diskutiere ich die einzelnen Artikel in "Considering Counter-Narratives: Narrating, Resisting, Making Sense" im Lichte der Frage, welchen Beitrag sie zur Identifizierung und zur theoretischen Situierung von Haupt- und Gegen-Narrativen leisten. Zugleich führe ich in das Buch ein, das ich als spannendes Forum vieler aktueller Debatten im Bereich qualitativer Forschung verstehe. Die im Buch präsentierte Debatte zwischen Beitragenden und deren Kommentator(inn)en zeigt alternative Strategien der Annäherung an und des Verständnisses von narrativem Material.

Narrative representation -- Narrative representation and non-narrative representation -- Values of narrative -- Aesthetic education -- Criminal inhumanity -- Narrative criminology -- Contemporary aesthetic education -- Reading, detranscendentalisation, and epistemological performance -- Literary imagination, ethics, and impossibility -- Narrative understanding -- Empirical evidence -- Narrative ethics -- Ethical value and narrativity -- Ethicism -- Closural moral order -- Narrative knowledge -- Knowledge and narrativity -- Epistemic criterion -- Narrativity criterion -- Narrative justice -- Ethical knowledge and narrativity -- Fascist fictions -- Poetic justice? -- Narrative justice -- Narrative value -- Hyperbolic ethics and deconstructive politics -- Literature, empathy, and experimentation -- Conclusion, coherence, and correspondence -- Correlation, causation, and the law -- Gregory currie and martha nussbaum -- Responsibility for inhumanity -- Wars -- Charges -- Defending de man -- Commending Campbell -- Silence and deceit -- Silence and remorselessness -- The psychology of inhumanity -- In the heart of the country -- The person of the torturer -- In the heart of the whore -- The problem that troubles the novelist -- Undermining inhumanity -- Narrative strategies -- White genocide -- Crusader -- Reducing violent extremism -- Coda : methodology?

This article explores the extent to which millenarianism can be understood as a narrative structure and even a potential "master plot" akin to quest and stranger motifs. There have been previous attempts to describe millenarianism as a narrative or as a period-specific motif, but this article suggests that writers engaging with millenarian ideas use a structure similar to that of actual millenarian movements. Through an application of Kenelm Burridge's approach to millenarian movements, a theoretical model is developed to demonstrate the range of millenarianism as a narrative structure. The article moves through three stages in order to argue for a coherent millenarian narrative. The first section, "Millenarianism and Literature," discusses previous approaches by literary scholars. The second, "Burridge's Anthropological Model," explores Burridge's anthropological structure and applies it to the popular film trilogy The Matrix. The third section makes use of a more literary subject—W. H. Auden's long poem The Age of Anxiety—as a sustained case for analysis and exegesis.

Narrationen – ob als Filme, Fernsehserien, Romane oder Computerspiele – ermöglichen es uns, in andere Welten einzutauchen und die Perspektiven der Figuren einzunehmen. Inwiefern diese Erfahrungen die Überzeugungen, Einstellungen, Intention und Verhalten der Rezipienten beeinflussen, untersucht das Forschungsfeld der narrativen Persuasion. Dieser Band stellt die zentralen kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Ansätze und Modelle zur Erklärung narrativer Persuasion vor, erläutert das typische methodische Vorgehen und gibt einen systematischen Überblick über den Forschungsstand. Abschließend werden kritische theoretische und methodische Aspekte diskutiert und aktuelle Entwicklungen im Forschungsfeld skizziert.Das Buch eignet sich für Studierende und Lehrende der Kommunikationswissenschaft und für andere Interessierte als Einführung, Nachschlage- oder Überblickswerk zu zentralen Konzepten, Prozessen und Befunden narrativer Persuasion.

We provide evidence on the stories that people tell to explain a historically notable rise in inflation using samples of experts, U.S. households, and managers. We document substantial heterogeneity in narratives about the drivers of higher inflation rates. Experts put more emphasis on demand-side factors, such as fiscal and monetary policy, and on supply chain disruptions. Other supply-side factors, such as labor shortages or increased energy costs, are equally prominent across samples. Households and managers are more likely to tell generic stories related to the pandemic or mismanagement by the government. We also find that households and managers expect the increase in inflation to be more persistent than experts. Moreover, narratives about the drivers of the inflation increase are strongly correlated with beliefs about its persistence. Our findings have implications for understanding macroeconomic expectation formation.