Recently a word 'Nation Branding' or 'Branding Bangladesh' is practiced a lot. A nation brand is the total sum of all perceptions of a nation in the mind of international stakeholders which may contain some of the following elements: people, place, culture, language, history, food, fashion, famous faces (celebrities), global brands, etc. The way for a nation to gain a better reputation is to communicate to the international audience that how good you are, is called nation branding. There is a misconception among most of the people that it is required to develop tourism sector of any country in case of nation branding. But nation branding focuses on the nation as a whole – its people, culture and heritage, investment and immigration, governance, exports and tourism. The objective of this paper is to clarify this misconception about nation branding, help our citizens to know about the branding Bangladesh and reveal the possibilities of branding Bangladesh. Process of nation branding –Nation Brand Index and Country Brand Index are discussed in this paper. This research is based on secondary sources and the researcher comes up with the Nation Branding Hexagon for Bangladesh. Hopefully this paper will be helpful for awaking our consumers and making responsible to come forward for unbeaten nation branding for Bangladesh.
This article examines the development of nation brand strategy framework for Zimbabwe. The submission is based on the analysis of factors perceived to impact on nation branding programmes. This research aim to contribute towards the development of effective nation branding discourse and practice in Zimbabwe. Specifically, the article was premised on the quest to 1) determine key determinants for the development of Brand Zimbabwe; 2) to ascertain the relative significance of the various facets of national branding practice; and 3) to propose an integrated conceptual framework for nation branding initiatives. The study was designed to follow a mixed approach; a combination of interpretivism and positivism. A total of 372 respondents was drawn from across the society. Respondents came from politicians, scholars, the media, civic organisations, government officials, church and international organisations. This research established that Brand Zimbabwe requires an independent body to integrate all key stakeholders for an effective branding process. The nation branding process should be managed from visioning, formulation through to deployment and monitoring and control of nation brand performance. Zimbabwe's quest for foreign direct investment, international visitation and export revenue requires that the country develops an integrated strategy to deal with its nation brand image question.
The process of globalisation has made the concept of nation brand an important one in the current context. This ensures that there is intense competition among countries for attention, respect and trust in order to achieve their policy goals and objectives. One of the means to try and market a country in the international competition is via the use of nation branding [Marsh & Fawcett, 2011: 517; Fan, 2008; Stock, 2009; Szondi, 2010]. The concept of nation branding has become popular, but some have argued how can a nation be marketed like some kind of product [O'Shaughnessy & O'Shaughnessy, 2000; Seib (a), 2009]? A combination of the increasing competition between different countries and advances in new communication technologies is ensuring a much more interactive communication between governments and foreign publics [Wang, 2005; L'Etang, 2009; Szondi, 2010]. As pointed out by Ying Fan, nation brand and nation branding are two different things. A nation may already have a brand, regardless whether branding is taking place or not [Fan, 2006]. This is formed by the nature of information generated about that nation, the stereotypes and opinions held by publics. Branding may take place to try and reform, repair, enhance or remake the existing image in order for the country in question to be viewed as being more attractive and competitive. Nation branding can be seen as a form of cure or panacea for something that is 'wrong' with a country's image [Fan, 2006]. However, nation branding is not something that is easily undertaken. It needs to take the sum of all of a country's parts into account and get them aligned to a simple and appealing message that resonates with the target audience. Since the mid-2000s, Russia has joined the list of countries that seek to use nation branding to fulfil politically determined and directed national ambitions [Simons, 2011]. How does Russia use nation branding, and what ends is this intended to serve? What are the tangible resources that are exploited to brand the country? Before embarking on answering this question, stock needs to be taken of the current debate on nation branding. This is an increasingly common term and practice, but is not necessarily commonly understood. The foundations of the concept and practice of nation branding are discussed. Soft power forms the subject of the next section. Issues of a definition and the significance of soft power are outlined. This is then connected to the 2013 Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation. The ambitions and goals of the document are connected with the practice of nation branding and the desire for accumulating soft power. Different attempts at nation branding by the Russian Federation are detailed, and how these are connected with the understanding of soft power (and what purpose this serves).
Globalisation has stimulated an intense competition among countries, in which the issue of nation brand is a central consideration. Since the mid-2000s, Russia has joined a list of countries that seek to use nation branding to fulfil politically determined and directed national ambitions. In taking stock of the current debate on this issue, the author addresses how Russia uses nation branding, what ends this is intended to serve, and what tangible resources are exploited to brand the country. In this context soft power is also considered. In conclusion it is stressed that Russia`s nation branding requires a bottom-up approach to succeed, as ordinary citizens convey as much, if not more, about a country than hosted international events.
In the formation of the modern nation state and the social imaginary of nationalism in the nineteenth century, the media and representational practices have, among most scholars, been ascribed a prominent position. The question is, however, how have changes in media technologies, from mass media to digital and interactive personal media, impacted on the national imaginaries over the past few decades? This article discusses what happens with the social imaginaries when national(ist) symbols are reproduced through the medium of PowerPoint, as one of the main tools for constructing images of the nation in nation-branding campaigns, i.e. promotional campaigns initiated by governments in conjunction with corporate actors with the aim of producing an attractive image of a country for foreign investors and tourists. It is concluded that the representational technology of PowerPoint produces a nation as an imagined commodity rather than an imagined community.
ABSTRACTStart from basic assumptions of soft power, the ability to influence others using their attraction, so other people can affected become voluntary or without threats and violence. Brazil uses soft power instruments through the Telenovela media as the nation's branding, Brazil's telenovela becomes one of Brazil's country icons, telenovela series scheduled in prime time prove how the public love to watch telenovelas, with optimism the film makers put a large capital to make this show seven bigger, they exporting Brazil telenovela to many countries not only in Latin America but also telenovela spread to other continents. Brazil telenovela is not just a money machine but also a political media of culture, tourism, a picture of social construction and romance in Brazil, telenovela becomes a melodrama series that takes the background story from Brazilian people lifes, Brazilian telenovela is often interpolated with Brazilian art such as capoeira, samba dance, actors accent, trend fashion in Brazil, camera settings that shows the beauty of the Brazilian city, the camera perspective make us want to travel or visit the city had make telenovelas story before, Brazilian telenovelas make us know what is Brazil by watching it, that show Brazil made national branding in international society.Keywords: telenovela, Brazil, soft power, nation brandingBerangkat dari asumsi dasar soft power sebagai kemampuan untuk mempengaruhi orang lain menggunakan daya tarik yang dimiliki, sehingga orang lain yang terpengaruh dan bersifat voluntary atau tanpa ancaman dan kekerasan. Brasil menggunakan instrumen soft power melalui media Telenovela sebagai nation brandingnegaranya, telenovela Brasil menjadi salah satu icon negara Brasil, penempatan serial telenovela pada prime time menunjukkan bagaimana masyarakat sangat menggemari telenovela, dengan optimisnya para pembuat film mereka meletakkan modal yang cukup besar untuk membuat tayangan ini lebih besar lagi, dengan mengekspor telenovela Brasil ini ke banyak negara tidak hanya di Amerika Latin saja tetapi telenovela Brasil merambat hingga benua lain tetapi telenovela Brasil bukan hanya sekedar mesin uang tetapi juga merupakan media politik kebudayaan, pariwisata, dan gambaran konstruksi sosial serta romansa percintaan masyarakat Brasil, telenovela menjadi serial melodrama yang mengambil latar belakang cerita dari kehidupan masyarakat Brasil secara tidak langsung telenovela Brasil sering disisipi kesenian Brasil seperti capoeira, samba dance, penggunaan logat para aktornya dan tren berpakaian yang digunakan, seting tempat dengan sudut pandang kamera yang memperlihatkan keindahan kota Brasil seakan menuntun kita untuk ingin bepergian mendatangi kota negara tersebut dengan melihat aspek-aspek tersebut meskipun kita belum pernah mendatangi negara Brasil kita akan dapat mengerti kehidupan budaya dan keadaan alam disana, begitulah cara Brasil menggambarkan atau membranding negaranya agar dapat dikenal oleh masyarakat internasional.Kata Kunci: telenovela, Brazil, soft power, nation branding DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v8i03.2392
Recent years have seen an interesting development in practices and policies of nation branding. Alongside an emphasis in which nation branding programmes seek to activate desires of conspicuous consumption in consumers, or to use branded messages to attract investment, there has also been a growing emphasis placed on policy transfer as a part of nation branding strategies. To date, this shift towards the incorporation of policy transfer within nation branding practices had received only limited analysis. Questions that arise, therefore, include: why are countries increasingly shifting their nation branding programmes in this direction? What do they seek to gain by engaging in such exports? And should we take the ostensibly beneficent nature of such practices at face value? The aim of this working paper is therefore to consider what the shift to policy transfer may tell us about the developing politics of nation branding.
Indonesia has the potential of natural and cultural resources that stretch from Sabang to Merauke. This potential can be used as the biggest economic source for Indonesia from the tourism sector. Tourism is now one of the industries that have potential at the global level. Indonesia has the potential to take the attention of foreign tourists. The state has a role to take steps in supporting the progress of the tourism industry in Indonesia. Tourism diplomacy can be done through the government, private sector and community groups who have concerns about the tourism industry at the global level. The synergies of several parties are able to give a significant impact for the development of tourism in Indonesia. The purpose of diplomacy is to strengthen Indonesia's nation branding in the international world and Indonesia is able to compete in the global level.
Purpose: This paper concerns public sub-sector branding within the higher education (HE) system. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how public sub-sector branding within HE is organized and how it is influenced by the use of national values, traits and characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: The study relies on two data sources: first, the paper benefits from a data set of one-stop web-portals for HE from the 23 countries listed in Times Higher Education's top-60 universities ranking. Second, it builds on a sample and brief overview of Norway's sub-sector branding of its HE sector. Findings: Expert authorities within the HE sector are legally and organizationally responsible for sub-sector branding, and they establish coordinated and coherent web-portals. In practice, however, nation-branding concerns are influencing on how the HE sub-sector is branded. The paper concludes with a discussion of democratic implications, and points to paradoxes arising from the use of national clichés and characteristics in this highly international sub-sector of the public realm. Originality/value: The paper informs discussions about public sub-sector branding within HE, a phenomenon that thus far has not been systematically studied. The practical applications of such a study are evident, as branding is becoming more important in the public sector in general, and in HE in particular.
Purpose: This paper aims to examine the extent to which the nation branding activities of export promotion organisations (EPOs), investment agencies (IAs), national tourism organisations (NTOs) and embassies follow the principle of coordination that characterises an integrated marketing communications approach. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative exploratory approach was taken, comprising face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews with key informants from five Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) involved in the implementation of nation branding communications in terms of export promotion, tourism, investment attraction and public diplomacy. Findings: Seven key dimensions of interorganisational coordination in a nation branding context emerge from our results. These dimensions include sector, organisation domicile, mode, strategy formulation, nature, frequency and target audience. Research limitations/implications: The relatively small dataset as well as the restricted geographic scope of the study limits the generalisability of the findings; further research is required to ascertain whether the findings of this study also apply in other settings. Practical implications: Enhanced coordination needs to occur not only between the different governmental organisations engaged in nation branding strategy, but also between those organisations and their respective private sector stakeholders.
in many daily forms of media we see the nation being represented by or alongside images. These images of the nation inform the way we see both others and ourselves. This thesis attempts to understand the way the nation is visualized, a topic that has been largely overlooked by theorists of nationalism. The visualization of the nation is explored by researching two national tourism campaigns in Croatia. Croatia was chosen as a case study in which to examine the visualization of the nation due to its recent accession into the European Union alongside the country's economic dependence on tourism and its current attempts at rebranding. In order to achieve the aims of this research I ask two main research questions: 1. How is the nation visualized in Croatia through tourism advertising and by whom?, 2. How is this visualization received by members of the nation? These questions were answered by combining three methodological steps which consisted of a visual analysis of the images of the campaigns, interviewing those involved in creating the campaigns and other members of the design or tourism community, and finally photo elicitation interviews with members of the Croatian public. This research found that Croatia is often peripheral within these tourism campaigns. The nation is represented passively with the main focus of the advertisements being the experience of tourism. Croatia is merely the backdrop that these tourism activities are being advertised through. This passive representation of Croatia is a consequence of an industry that is focused on increasing tourism numbers and that relies heavily on marketing data. The representation of Croatia is not the aim of these tourism campaigns. The passive image of the nation is additionally the consequence of Croatia's uneasy relationship with presenting something as national. National pride is often equated with violent forms of nationalism and therefore visual representations of the nation are often eliminated from the positive marketing images of the tourism campaigns. Both members of the nation and the industry downplay the importance of tourism advertising arguing that these images are solely for the tourist and therefore they are largely insignificant. However, I use du Gay's (1997) concept of the 'circuit of culture' to argue that tourism advertising is not just influenced by national identity but rather it is also influencing national identity. These tourism campaigns contribute to the construction of national identity. Therefore, this passive image of the nation is not just for tourists, it is part of a circuit of identity construction that reaches far beyond the target audience. Overall, these tourism images are simplistic and reductive imitations of the nation while national identity is complex, inconsistent, and often contradictory. Branding and design often aims to condense identity into easily recognizable and quickly communicated images making any attempt to brand the nation inherently lacking. While this reductive identity is useful when branding a company or product, when applied to the nation ethical questions emerge about who has the right to construct the nation's image. I argue that this new phenomenon of commercialized branding that is now a responsibility of the nation is evidence of the changing role of the nation from a modern construction to a postmodern brander. This opens up questions about the democratic nature of these tourism images and consequences of nation branding efforts that continue to represent the nation in reductive and passive terms.
This book explores how gender equality, a central part of the Nordic imaginary, is used in the political communication of Nordic states. The analyses presented move beyond conventional images and discourses of Nordic gender- and women-friendliness by critically investigating how and to what extent gender equality serves nation-branding in the Nordic region. Nation-branding is an unescapable part of globalisation, which is a market-oriented process dominated by the West and predicated on the creation of winners and losers. Hence, efforts to strengthen the national brand or reputation of specific Nordic countries with the aid of gender equality as a political and symbolic value inevitably help to reinforce already established global hierarchies where the Nordics play the role of moral superpower. This book comprises scholars from various fields of specialisation, and provides evidence and understanding for the growing interaction between gender-equality policies and nation-branding in all five Nordic countries. It does so by exploring a variety of policy fields and issues including women's rights, foreign policy, rape and legislation, female quotas and business policies, in addition to the index industry. The rise of the global indexes has reproduced forceful images of the Nordic countries as frontrunners of gender equality, which indeed help the Nordic countries to further position themselves as 'best at being good'. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of Nordic gender equality in political science, sociology, law, criminology, political psychology and history, as well as those interested in nation branding, Nordic studies and exceptionalism.
Purpose: The objective of this research is to propose a framework which is apt to assess how a nation branding campaign could promote cultural identity by ultimately curbing political polarization. Design/Methodology/Approach Methodology summary: By relying on a multidisciplinary approach that blends theoretical constructs from different fields the methodology is based on a mixed-method approach whereby the qualitative data stemming from a set of interviews with key-informants is coupled by a survey of Colombian citizens in order to gain in-depth insights over the impact of nation branding on political polarization. Findings: From the findings, it emerges that a campaign based on nation branding and targeting domestic citizens could curb political polarization within Colombia, by also fostering cultural identity. Research limitations/Implications: The study considers only Colombia. To fully assess the robustness of the framework it would be useful to extend the analysis to a broader range of countries and to a wider set of domestic issues. Practical Implications: The research not only provides in-depth insights on how nation branding can be used effectively in order to curb political polarization but also practical guidance on how a nation branding campaign effective can be effectively designed. The findings are relevant to policy-makers that have the opportunity to implement informed and educated nation branding campaigns not just overseas, but also to strategically address important domestic issues by engaging the domestic stakeholders. Originality/Value: While country branding has been extensively investigated within the context of international business, we have a relatively limited understanding of its domestic impact. In contrast to traditional country branding literature, this paper aims to theoretically advance our understanding of nation branding and its effect on political polarization, as well as gauging its impact on cultural identity.
Nation branding di era digital ditandai dengan kehadiran negara-negara yang bersaing untuk mendapatkan pengakuan dunia dengan mempromosikan norma, nilai, ide, pariwisata dan peluang investasi mereka secara signifikan, melalui penggunaan platform media sosial dan influencer daring. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengukur dampak kehadiran Presiden Jokowi pada platform digital terhadap pembangunan nation brand. Platform yang menjadi fokus adalah Twitter sebagai saluran utama bagi pemerintah untuk memperkuat ekuitas merek negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek nation branding yang ditampilkan melalui konten media sosial Twitter pemimpin bangsa, yakni Presiden Republik Indonesia, Joko Widodo. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa reaksi terhadap kehadiran Presiden di media sosial sangat minim dalam hal memproyeksikan nilai-nilai negara, karena orang-orang lebih fokus membahas topik "ringan" dan "informal". Oleh karena itu, konten pariwisata yang ditonjolkan pada Twitter perlu meningkatkan kecepatan dalam 3A: Aksesibilitas (transportasi), Amenitas (fasilitas), dan Atraksi di tujuan wisata(Kinerja Reputasi), keadaan santai yang tidak terkait langsung dengan pariwisata (Reputasi Simbolik).
In line with Joko Widodo's vision to position Indonesia as the 'Global Maritime Fulcrum' by 2045, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Education and Culture has initiated the proposal of nominating the Spice Route (Jalur Rempah) as World Heritage in 2017 to UNESCO. This article aims to show the dynamic process of redefining national identity through the Spice Route narrative, which is full of contestation between the state, society, and the market. Previous studies have shown that the process of reproduction of nationalism through the reconstruction of national history and national identity is now no longer always initiated by the elite. Democratization and globalization also provide space for civil society to reinterpret their ideal image of Indonesia. Methods used in this qualitative research included auto-ethnography through participant observation, in-depth interviews, literature studies, comparison, and visual communication design analysis of form-content-context, both descriptively and reflectively. In conclusion, instead of being a political-ideological narrative, the Spice Route narrative is reinterpreted in a new domain: the creative industry. It has become a source of inspiration for branding commercial products, feature films and documentaries, community activities, festivals, educational curricula, and at the same time included in the content of Indonesian cultural diplomacy through gastronomy, all of which require a contribution of design. This article examines the extent to which the Spice Route narrative, seemingly intended as a nation brand, is able to reconstruct and redefine the national identity of Indonesia. ; Sejalan dengan visi Joko Widodo untuk memposisikan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia pada tahun 2045, pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan telah menggagas pengusulan Jalur Rempah sebagai Warisan Dunia sejak 2017 ke UNESCO. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan dinamika dari proses redefinisi identitas melalui narasi Jalur Rempah yang ...
