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Gender in legislative languages: from EU to national law in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish
In: Forum für Fachsprachen-Forschung Band 144
"Ordre public" in National Law and European Union Law : an attempt at systematisation ; L'ordre public en droit national et en droit de l'Union européenne : essai de systématisation
Identifying the concept of "ordre public" (translated into English as either "public policy" or "public order") is traditionally seen as a challenging endeavour, because of the relativity of the concept and the multiplicity of its occurrences. Within the framework of the European Union, the difficulty becomes even greater as a result of the constant tension that exists between the European legal order and every national legal order, each claiming "its own ordre public". Against this backdrop, this dissertation aims to conduct a systematisation of the legal phenomena usually considered to fall within the orbit of "ordre public". To that end, the national law and the European Union law will be afforded equal epistemological status. An analysis of each of the main occurrences of the concept that are common to both the national law and the European Union law will be undertaken fist, and on this basis the relationship between these notions will be studied as well as, more broadly, their purpose within a legal order. Such a synthesis yields the outline of a gradation of techniques ranging from the hypothesis where the values involved in a given situation are balanced by the legislator and cast in a legal rule that will then be applied, to that where a reference to the "ordre public" standard empowers the body that applies the law to decide for itself on the social acceptability of the situation it is facing. In this way, the dissertation suggests that the issue of the "ordre public in European Union law" should be rethought in terms of realization of values in the European social space, sometimes according to a pluralist mode], and sometimes according to a monist model. ; L'identification de la notion d' « ordre public» est traditionnellement vue comme problématique, compte tenu du caractère relatif de cette dernière et de la multiplicité de ses occurrences. Dans le cadre de l'Union européenne, la difficulté est encore accentuée par la mise en tension constante de l'ordre juridique européen et de l'ordre juridique ...
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"Ordre public" in National Law and European Union Law : an attempt at systematisation ; L'ordre public en droit national et en droit de l'Union européenne : essai de systématisation
Identifying the concept of "ordre public" (translated into English as either "public policy" or "public order") is traditionally seen as a challenging endeavour, because of the relativity of the concept and the multiplicity of its occurrences. Within the framework of the European Union, the difficulty becomes even greater as a result of the constant tension that exists between the European legal order and every national legal order, each claiming "its own ordre public". Against this backdrop, this dissertation aims to conduct a systematisation of the legal phenomena usually considered to fall within the orbit of "ordre public". To that end, the national law and the European Union law will be afforded equal epistemological status. An analysis of each of the main occurrences of the concept that are common to both the national law and the European Union law will be undertaken fist, and on this basis the relationship between these notions will be studied as well as, more broadly, their purpose within a legal order. Such a synthesis yields the outline of a gradation of techniques ranging from the hypothesis where the values involved in a given situation are balanced by the legislator and cast in a legal rule that will then be applied, to that where a reference to the "ordre public" standard empowers the body that applies the law to decide for itself on the social acceptability of the situation it is facing. In this way, the dissertation suggests that the issue of the "ordre public in European Union law" should be rethought in terms of realization of values in the European social space, sometimes according to a pluralist mode], and sometimes according to a monist model. ; L'identification de la notion d' « ordre public» est traditionnellement vue comme problématique, compte tenu du caractère relatif de cette dernière et de la multiplicité de ses occurrences. Dans le cadre de l'Union européenne, la difficulté est encore accentuée par la mise en tension constante de l'ordre juridique européen et de l'ordre juridique national, chacun revendiquant« son ordre public». Dans ce contexte, cette étude se propose d'opérer une systématisation des phénomènes juridiques habituellement désignés sous l'expression« ordre public», en reconnaissant à cette fin un statut épistémologique identique au droit national et au droit de l'Union. Sur la base d'une analyse, dans un premier temps, de chacune des principales occurrences de la notion communes au droit national et au droit de l'Union, la thèse envisage, dans un second temps, l'articulation de ces notions entre elles et, plus largement, leur fonction au sein d'un ordre juridique. L'exercice de synthèse laisse ainsi entrevoir une gradation de techniques allant de l'hypothèse où la pondération des valeurs sollicitées par la situation envisagée est déterminée par le législateur et coulée dans une règle qu'il s'agit d'appliquer, à celle où la référence au standard« ordre public» habilite l'agent de la réalisation du droit à se prononcer lui-même sur l'acceptabilité sociale de la situation à laquelle il se trouve confronté. De cette manière, l'étude invite à reconsidérer la problématique de « l'ordre public en droit de l'Union européenne» comme étant celle de la réalisation des valeurs dans l'espace social européen, opérée tantôt selon un modèle pluraliste, tantôt selon un modèle moniste.
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Arrêt Polbud de la CJUE : de la créature de droit national au sujet de droit de l'Union européenne ; The CJEU Polbud decision : from the creature of national law to the EU law subject
In: http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/35678
A short commentary on the ECJ Polbud decision (2017) from a Belgian perspective
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X Antitrust between EU law and national law: X Conference - X Convegno 17-18 May/Maggio, 2012 Casa dei Carraresi - Treviso : UAE Symposium
The SE regulation, an european tool in between national law and European Union law ; Le Règlement SE, un outil européen au confluent des intérêts nationaux et du droit de l'Union européenne
The SE regulation is an european tool in between national law and European Union law. It is an innovative legal tool allowing companies with European scale to elaborate cross-border reorganizations through the creation of a SE and the transfer of the head office of such company; while preserving benefits of creditors, of employees and shareholders of such companies. In order to achieve this goal, the SE regulation is not enough: it is pluralistic. It coordinates the rules applied to the SE. In addition, it proceeds itself to remand to national law that enables to preserve national specificities of each State Member. So, the SE is attached on one end to the European Union law and on the other end it is attached to the national law on a subsidiary basis.Furthermore, the SE regulation is not only useful to companies. Indeed, it enables adoption of other european tools such as the directive related to cross-border merger between joint-stock companies. ; Le Règlement SE est un outil européen au confluent des intérêts nationaux et du droit de l'Union européenne. Il est un instrument juridique novateur permettant aux entreprises d'envergure européenne d'élaborer des restructurations transfrontalières par voie de constitution d'une SE et du transfert du siège social de celle-ci ; tout en préservant les intérêts des créanciers, des salariés et des actionnaires minoritaires de ces entreprises. Pour y parvenir, le Règlement SE ne se suffit pas à lui-même : il est pluraliste. Il coordonne les règles applicables à la SE. En outre, il procède lui-même aux renvois vers les droits nationaux qui permettent de préserver les particularités nationales des Etats membres. Ainsi, la SE est rattachée d'une part à un ordre juridique européen et d'autre part à un ordre juridique étatique à titre subsidiaire. Par ailleurs, le Règlement SE n'est pas uniquement bénéfique aux entreprises. En effet, il permet de favoriser l'adoption d'autres outils européens parmi lesquels la directive relative à la fusion transfrontalière entre sociétés de ...
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The SE regulation, an european tool in between national law and European Union law ; Le Règlement SE, un outil européen au confluent des intérêts nationaux et du droit de l'Union européenne
The SE regulation is an european tool in between national law and European Union law. It is an innovative legal tool allowing companies with European scale to elaborate cross-border reorganizations through the creation of a SE and the transfer of the head office of such company; while preserving benefits of creditors, of employees and shareholders of such companies. In order to achieve this goal, the SE regulation is not enough: it is pluralistic. It coordinates the rules applied to the SE. In addition, it proceeds itself to remand to national law that enables to preserve national specificities of each State Member. So, the SE is attached on one end to the European Union law and on the other end it is attached to the national law on a subsidiary basis.Furthermore, the SE regulation is not only useful to companies. Indeed, it enables adoption of other european tools such as the directive related to cross-border merger between joint-stock companies. ; Le Règlement SE est un outil européen au confluent des intérêts nationaux et du droit de l'Union européenne. Il est un instrument juridique novateur permettant aux entreprises d'envergure européenne d'élaborer des restructurations transfrontalières par voie de constitution d'une SE et du transfert du siège social de celle-ci ; tout en préservant les intérêts des créanciers, des salariés et des actionnaires minoritaires de ces entreprises. Pour y parvenir, le Règlement SE ne se suffit pas à lui-même : il est pluraliste. Il coordonne les règles applicables à la SE. En outre, il procède lui-même aux renvois vers les droits nationaux qui permettent de préserver les particularités nationales des Etats membres. Ainsi, la SE est rattachée d'une part à un ordre juridique européen et d'autre part à un ordre juridique étatique à titre subsidiaire. Par ailleurs, le Règlement SE n'est pas uniquement bénéfique aux entreprises. En effet, il permet de favoriser l'adoption d'autres outils européens parmi lesquels la directive relative à la fusion transfrontalière entre sociétés de ...
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ICC ratification and national implementing legislation
In: Nouvelles études pénales 13quater
National legislation and treaties relating to the law of the sea
In: United Nations legislative series
In: B 19
In: Série législative des Nations Unies
National legislation and treaties relating to the law of the sea
In: United Nations legislative series
In: B 18
In: Série législative des Nations Unies
The transformation of fisheries law facing the emergence of a legal issue : the illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing : International, european and national Law perspective ; Les transformations du droit des pêches face à l'émergence d'un problème juridique : la pêche illicite, non rapportée, ...
Fisheries Law is taking its foundation within the Law of the sea. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea addresses fisheries issues through the maritime spaces it establishes. The fight against "illegal, unreported and unregulated" IUU fishing has crept into the Fisheries Law in transformation, which we are considering here, and in particular the latter's ability to eradicate these IUU activities. IUU fishing refers to different forms of fishing activities or methods, or fishing conditions, that need to be clarified. The causes of IUU fishing and the treatment to be applied to it are of full interest to public Law, particularly when it is looking for loopholes. The content and scope of the principles of international Law to combat IUU fishing have not been fully effective since this type of fishing persists. The main responsibility for combating IUU fishing lies with States, which are responsible at a minimum for avoiding IUU fishing in their territorial sea and areas under their jurisdiction (coastal State) and on the high seas by vessels flying their flag (flag State). The involvement of regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) or other States or the focus on certain State roles such as the "port State" and the "market State", which facilitate or counter trade in fishery products from IUU activities. This has nevertheless led to the emergence of more restrictive international or national legal measures. In this movement, the European common fisheries policy and its law, both internally and externally, have played a decisive role. ; Le droit des pêches maritimes puise ses fondements dans le droit de la mer. La Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer de 1982 pense les questions de pêche à travers les espaces maritimes qu'elle établit. La lutte contre la pêche illicite, non déclarée et non réglementée (INN), s'est insinuée à l'intérieur du droit des pêches en transformation, sur lequel on s'interroge ici, et notamment sur la capacité de ce dernier à éradiquer ces activités ...
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The transformation of fisheries law facing the emergence of a legal issue : the illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing : International, european and national Law perspective ; Les transformations du droit des pêches face à l'émergence d'un problème juridique : la pêche illicite, non rapportée, ...
Fisheries Law is taking its foundation within the Law of the sea. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea addresses fisheries issues through the maritime spaces it establishes. The fight against "illegal, unreported and unregulated" IUU fishing has crept into the Fisheries Law in transformation, which we are considering here, and in particular the latter's ability to eradicate these IUU activities. IUU fishing refers to different forms of fishing activities or methods, or fishing conditions, that need to be clarified. The causes of IUU fishing and the treatment to be applied to it are of full interest to public Law, particularly when it is looking for loopholes. The content and scope of the principles of international Law to combat IUU fishing have not been fully effective since this type of fishing persists. The main responsibility for combating IUU fishing lies with States, which are responsible at a minimum for avoiding IUU fishing in their territorial sea and areas under their jurisdiction (coastal State) and on the high seas by vessels flying their flag (flag State). The involvement of regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) or other States or the focus on certain State roles such as the "port State" and the "market State", which facilitate or counter trade in fishery products from IUU activities. This has nevertheless led to the emergence of more restrictive international or national legal measures. In this movement, the European common fisheries policy and its law, both internally and externally, have played a decisive role. ; Le droit des pêches maritimes puise ses fondements dans le droit de la mer. La Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer de 1982 pense les questions de pêche à travers les espaces maritimes qu'elle établit. La lutte contre la pêche illicite, non déclarée et non réglementée (INN), s'est insinuée à l'intérieur du droit des pêches en transformation, sur lequel on s'interroge ici, et notamment sur la capacité de ce dernier à éradiquer ces activités ...
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