Suchergebnisse

The discipline of International Relations is increasingly paying attention to nationalism, although this attention is mostly limited with the role of nationalism on international system. By presenting an approach born out of the intersection of Historical Sociology in International Relations (HSIR) and the Modernist School of Nationalism, this paper aims at expanding the terrain of nationalism studies in International Relations (IR). Using Iran as an example, it demonstrates that three basic premises of HSIR—the interaction between domestic and international dynamics, historicization, and multi-causality—are central to analysing nationalism, which is only associated with the domestic level. It argues that HSIR has much to offer not only to studies of nationalism and/in the Middle East but also to the discipline of IR by elucidating the international connections of this seemingly domestic issue. ; Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini milliyetçiliğe giderek daha fazla önem vermektedir ancak bu önem çoğunlukla milliyetçiliğin uluslararası sisteme etkisi ile sınırlı kalmaktadır. Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinindeki Tarihsel Sosyoloji ve modernist milliyetçilik teorilerinin kesişim noktasına dayanarak kavramsal çerçevesini oluşturan bu çalışma, Uluslararası İlişkilerde milliyetçilik çalışmalarına alan açmayı amaçlamaktadır. Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinindeki Tarihsel Sosyolojide yer alan ulusal ve uluslararası dinamikler arasındaki etkileşim, tarihselleştirme ve çoklu-nedensellik prensiplerinin, sadece ulusal alan ile ilişkilendirilen milliyetçilik analizi için önemini İran örneği üzerinden tartışmaktadır. Çalışma Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinindeki Tarihsel Sosyoloji yaklaşımının sadece milliyetçilik çalışmalarına ve Ortadoğu Çalışmalarına değil, ulusal kabul edilen milliyetçiliğin uluslararası bağlantılarını göstererek Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinine de katkıda bulunacağını ortaya koymaktadır.

Like other transnational threats such as climate change, the extinction of biological species, SARS or Ebola, the current COVID-19 confronts the modern utopia of rigid borders between nations and contemporary finance-led neoliberal economic models. Acknowledging the complexity of COVID-19's root causes, this paper builds on the contradictions between science, expertise and policy in the definition of global human security, and sketches five possible future international scenarios. I argue that in the aftermath of the pandemic any sort of future global, regional and state regulation will need to consider transnational threats not only to ensure the security of individuals, but also to guarantee the long-standing durability of the biosphere as a life-supporting system. To uphold this argument, I develop three sections: (i) the nature of the threat; (ii) the geopolitical tensions that COVID-19 heightens; and (iii) possible future scenarios. ; Al igual que otras amenazas transnacionales como el cambio climático, la extinción de especies biológicas, el SARS o el Ébola, la COVID-19 actual se enfrenta a la utopía moderna de las fronteras rígidas entre las naciones y a los modelos económicos neoliberales contemporáneos liderados por las finanzas. Reconociendo la complejidad de las causas fundamentales de la COVID-19, este artículo se basa en las contradicciones entre la ciencia, la expertise y las políticas en la definición de la seguridad humana global, y esboza cinco posibles escenarios internacionales futuros. Sostengo que, después de la pandemia, cualquier tipo de regulación futura global, regional y al nivel del Estado deberá considerar las amenazas transnacionales no sólo para garantizar la seguridad de las personas, sino también para garantizar la durabilidad de la biosfera como sistema de soporte vital a largo plazo. Para defender este argumento, desarrollo tres secciones: (i) la naturaleza de la amenaza; (ii) las tensiones geopolíticas intensificadas por la COVID-19; y (iii) posibles escenarios futuros. ; Como no caso de outras ameaças transnacionais, a exemplo das mudanças climáticas, da extinção de espécies biológicas, da SARS ou do Ebola, a atual pandemia da COVID-19 confronta a moderna utopia de fronteiras rígidas entre nações e os modelos econômicos neoliberais liderados pelos mercados financeiros. Reconhecendo a complexidade das causas da COVID-19, este artigo baseia-se nas contradições entre ciência, expertise e política na definição da segurança humana global, esboçando cinco possíveis cenários internacionais futuros. Eu argumento que, no contexto pós-pandemia, qualquer tipo de regulamentação global, regional e estatal precisará considerar ameaças transnacionais não apenas para garantir a segurança dos indivíduos, também a sustentabilidade de longo prazo da biosfera como sistema de suporte à vida. Para desenvolver esse argumento, organizo o artigo em três seções: (i) a natureza da ameaça; (ii) as tensões geopolíticas que a COVID-19 intensifica; e (iii) possíveis cenários futuros.

Global socio-political and economic forces often determine the histories of countries and nations, but internal historical identities, values and sentiments modify and combine with these forces to create a distinct local societal character and ethos, which are often mirrored in local institutions and organizations. In South Africa this is illustrated in the history of South African military chaplaincy. It was established in 1914 at a time when most other countries accorded their military chaplaincies with a reasonable degree of professionalism, but it was only acknowledged as an autonomous support service of the South African armed forces in 1973; this, despite the important role of religion in the South African society and the influence of British customs since 1806. The roots for this belated acknowledgement are found in the clash between the international force of imperialism and the local sentiments of Afrikaner nationalism. It influenced the establishment, functioning and ethos of South African military chaplaincy, turning the latter into a representation of the identities and sentiments elicited in the South African society by the global forces active within the historic context.

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the most recent statue of Bruce Lee displayed in the entrance to the Bruce Lee exhibition at the Hong Kong Heritage Museum. The analysis primarily utilizes O'Toole's social semiotic framework as outlined in The language of displayed art (1994, 2011) in the tradition of systemic functional linguistics for analyzing the multimodality of sculpture, and provides insights into how the statue represents the kung fu legend Bruce Lee, who created the martial arts discipline of Jeet June Do. The article begins by first analyzing its sculptural features and then interprets these features against the sociocultural context of the city. The paper argues that the cultural background for the representation of Lee in the statue with its unique representational, modal, and compositional features testifies that meanings attributed to visual information in sculpture are to a large degree socially structured and culturally bound. It shows that the location of the statue and its features such as its gaze and torso can be better understood with reference to the political and cultural significance of Lee's legacies, thereby enhancing our understanding of the social semiotic nature of statues as a means of commemoration- and a significant part of our cultural heritage.

This article attempts to assess the relevance of postnationalist & neoinstitutionalist theories to explain the structuring of public debates on immigration & ethnic relations in Switzerland. To escape the contradictory debate existing between proponents of these two theoretical perspectives, but above all to improve our knowledge of processes of globalization & of resistance by nation-states in the field of migrations, we propose a systematic analysis of 1980s public debates in this field. This allows us to assess the impact of external pressures & of national traditions on the treatment of migration issues. Our analysis unveils three changes that may attest to the impact of transnationalization of migration issues on national states. (1) An important growth of debates on issues concerning the integration of immigrants took place, especially in the field of the fight against discriminations. (2) There was a more active participation of immigrants in the national public debates. (3) Variations in the activity of the extreme right & the Swiss People's Party occurred & more precisely a growth of the latter. In particular, the introduction of the law against racism provided a window of opportunities for the Swiss political actors. Thus, within the constraining framework represented by the nation-state, which yields political resources & a structure of legitimacy for the intervention of political actors in the field of immigration & ethnic relations, transnational forces are a source of variations & changes that should not be overlooked. In particular, the introduction of a transnational antidiscrimination norm provides other types of political resources & another structure of legitimacy. Finally, our analysis suggests that the development of personhood rights at the supranational level can be a source of change that yields new models & new scripts for the action of national actors. 4 Tables, 2 Graphs, 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

Assesses Swiss post-nationalist and neo-institutional public debates on immigration and ethnic relations; discusses impact of external pressures, integration, discrimination, participation in national public debates, activity of the extreme right and Swiss People's Party, introduction of the 1994 law against racism, and other issues; 1990s. Summaries in German and English.