Suchergebnisse

Keine Wirtschaft weist einen so starken Konzentrationsgrad auf wie die südafrikanische. Der Autor behandelt die Frage der Verstaatlichung der Schlüsselindustrien mit Hinweis auf die verschiedenen Formen von Verstaatlichung oder Erlasse von anti-trust-Gesetzen. Gegen Verstaatlichung spricht der Mangel an einheimischen Führungskräften, während Gesetze ihr Ziel langfristig verfehlen. Für die Bergbauindustrie schlägt der Autor daher eine Kompromißlösung vor: Veränderte Vertragsbedingungen, um den Staatsanteil an den Gewinnen zu erhöhen; Anti-Monopol-Gesetze, um die Hausbanken der Bergbauindustrie aufzusplitten; Verstaatlichung kleinerer Betriebe. Investitionen im produktiven Bereich sollen durch die Mobilisierung sowohl interner als auch durch Direktinvestitionen finanziert werden. Der Verfasser zieht japanische Investitionen vor. (DÜI-Mcd)

"This paper studies the cycles of nationalization and privatization in resource-rich economies. We discuss available evidence on the drivers and consequences of privatization and nationalization, review the existing literature, and present illustrative case studies. Our main contribution is then to develop a static and dynamic model of the choice between private and national regimes for the ownership of natural resources. In the model, this choice is driven by a basic equality-efficiency tradeoff: national ownership results in more redistribution of income and more equality, but undermines incentives for effort. The resolution of the tradeoff depends on external and domestic conditions that affect the value of social welfare under each regime. This allows us to characterize how external variables - such as the commodity price - and domestic ones - such as the tax system - affect the choice of private vs. national regimes. The analysis therefore identifies the determinants of the observed cycles of privatization and nationalization, and is consistent with a variety of observed phenomena"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

No topic has evoked so much discussion in all parts of Great Britain, and indeed in the world outside, as the Labour Party's programme to nationalize 20 per cent of the economy. Nationalization is recognized by all as the most important domestic issue facing the nation because the industries brought under public ownership are vital to Britain's economic recovery at home and a key to her future role in foreign affairs. As the Conservatives will continue the programme as conceived by Labour, except in the case of the iron and steel industry which will probably be returned to private ownership, an analysis of British nationalization is as pertinent today as it was during the Labour Party's tenure in office.The Labour Party defined its nationalization plan in a 1945 electoral document titled Let Us Face the Future which stated in part:There are basic industries ripe and over-ripe for public ownership and management in the direct service of the nation. There are many smaller businesses rendering good service which can be left to go on with their useful work.There are big industries not yet ripe for public ownership which must nevertheless be required by constructive supervision to further the nation's needs and not to prejudice national interests by restrictive anti-social monopoly or cartel agreements, caring for their own capital structures and profits at the cost of a lower standard of living for all.

This thesis is focused on the nationalization of party systems in Western Europe and combines four different approaches. Despite the literature claiming that political decentralization reduces party system nationalization, the first paper shows that this effect depends on the level of personalism that the electoral system allows. The second article shows a new effect of the nationalization of party systems. This variable is shown to be a crucial element to explain turnout differences across districts within a country. The third article of this thesis is centered on the impact of the electoral system on party system nationalization through a crucial-experimental approach based on electoral reforms in Western Europe. Finally, the last part of the thesis focuses on describing and analyzing the nationalization of political parties in Spain, paying particular attention to differences among national and subnational parties. ; Esta tesis doctoral está centrada en la nacionalización de los sistemas de partidos en Europa Occidental desde cuatro perspectivas diferentes. Una hipótesis clásica de la literatura es que la descentralización política reduce la nacionalización. En el primer artículo se muestra que el efecto de esta variable depende de que haya un grado suficiente de personalismo en el sistema electoral. En el segundo artículo se demuestra un nuevo efecto de la nacionalización de los sistemas de partidos; esta variable determina las diferencias en la participación electoral entre distritos dentro de un mismo país. El tercer artículo se aproxima al fenómeno mediante experimentos cruciales centrados en las reformas del sistema electoral en Europa Occidental a fin de estimar su efecto sobre la nacionalización. Finalmente, el último artículo analiza la nacionalización de los partidos en España y sus principales determinantes, distinguiendo particularmente entre partidos de ámbito nacional y subnacional.