Suchergebnisse

"It is common to juxtapose inter-governmentalism and neo-functionalism as the
two most important, and seemingly mutually exclusive, frameworks to interpret
the phenomenon of 'European integration' and its institutional dimension, the
European Community. Inter-governmentalism promises to offer a broadly applicable concept for the
analysis of international cooperative institutions. It recognises that the Community
emerged from the self-help based international system and emphasises
the continuing central role of the member states. However, conceiving of the
Community as one international institution among many others it tends to
disregard the specificities of this particular institution. Moreover, inter-governmentalism
is conceptionally founded on a state-centred and static approach to
institutions and cannot, therefore, cope with integration as a process of development
over time, nor does it readily accommodate the role of non-state actors
within the Community system." (author's abstract)

Cover -- Half Title -- About the Book and Author -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 NEO-FUNCTIONALISM AND THE COMMUNITY METHOD OF INTEGRATION -- Functionalism Once Removed -- The Neo-Functiorialist Theory of Integration -- Critical Observations on Neo-Functionalist Theory -- Conclusion -- 2 EUROPEAN SOCIALIST PARTIES AND THE COMMUNITY: A HISTORICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW -- The SPD: Grasping the Center -- The Parti Socialiste: The Constraints of Coalition -- The Labour Party: Ideological and Political Confusion -- Conclusion -- 3 THE EUROPEAN ELECTION CAMPAIGN: STRUCTURES AND ISSUES -- Procedures for the Direct Elections -- European Socialist Institutions -- The Socialist Appeal to the Electorate -- The National Party Manifestos -- Conclusion -- 4 THE EUROPEAN CAMPAIGNS OF THREE SOCIALIST PARTIES -- The Euro-Campaign: General Observations -- The Socialist Confederation's Transnational Campaign -- The National Campaigns -- Conclusion -- 5 NEO-FUNCTIONALISM: THE MISSING ELEMENT -- The Campaign and Neo-Functionalist Theory -- The Future of European Political Integration -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

In this article, we exploit neo-functionalism as a conceptual and theoretical instrument that helps understand the current crisis and its future consequences. We formulate a series of suppositions and hypotheses, which we evaluate using existing data sources and related research. Our empirical analysis produces a mixed picture: though reality seems to conform with some neo-functionalist expectations, it contradicts some others. The latter disproven results, however, also suggest that there might be some corresponding increase in the likelihood that the EU could disintegrate.

>This article revisits the question of whether the European Union and/or Anglo-Irish policy initiatives have increased cross-border co-operation between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The applicability of neo-functionalism to the Irish/Northern Irish case is re-examined in the light of the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) and EU Peace programmes.

Outer space perseveres as a domain of contestation. In fact, the era of the early 2000s was also remarked to be embroiled in a 'second space race'. In this regard, in November 2019, NATO also declared outer space as its operational domain. In contrast, BRICS formally committed in 2021 to the prevention of an arms race in outer space. Russia and China agreed to cooperate on a permanent manned lunar base and are investing heavily in their space programs. This is ringing bells in Western-led established order. Once the International Space Station (ISS) is decommissioned in 2022, China's space station, if constructed in 2025, will be the only functioning global space station for which Beijing is already seeking cooperation from partners. Interestingly, NASA's legislation prevents it from collaborating with the Chinese National Space Agency. This article endeavours to understand the scenario with a two-fold focus: will the emerging countries like BRICS follow the footsteps of the West in militarizing outer space? how countries other than China use this opportunity to attain a desirable position in the international order. The study provides an insight into how non-Western countries have secured a place in attaining a considerable position in outer space.