Suchergebnisse

This article deals with the issue of the environment in international politics & makes a case that the environment as a subject matter is fundamentally different from other political issues. To this effect, the concept of eco-holistic analysis is put forward whereby environmental issues are incorporated into the analysis rather than the structural & systemic forces & constraints within which actors operate. The concept of eco-holistic analysis is based on three pillars (the historical dimension of environment-society relations, the concept of consumption, & equity) which offer new dimensions of analysis highlighting why traditional institutionalist approaches to the study of international environmental politics are lacking in offering suggestions for effective environmental improvement. 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

Neoliberal institutionalism represents the fourth phase in the development of
the liberal institutionalism theory. Unlike the previous ones, at this stage
of development, theorists focus on international institutions as independent
actors in international relations, which are not only the means for the
states to realize their national interests, but also influence internal
policy in the countries. Ultimately, this leads to seeing the international
relations outside the realistic ?self-help principle? as ones defining the
behavior of states. The ambiguity in the further positioning of neoliberal
institutionalism is regarding the phenomenon of global governance. The global
governance is becoming reality. Because of this, states are often forced to
act beyond their particular interests, giving priority to solving problems
through international institutions. However, this largely does not happen due
to state decisions, but thanks to the activities of non-state actors.
Although the international politics stay state-centered, nongovernmental
organizations and multinational corporations have more influence in
overcoming anarchy through global governance and the establishment of rules
of the game in certain areas of life. For neoliberal institutionalism, this
presents somewhat a challenge. The development of the fourth phase of the
liberal institutionalism will depend on future explanations regarding the
relation to global governance.

Argues that neoliberal institutionalism misconstructs the realist analysis of international anarchy and therefore it misunderstands realism's analysis of the inhibiting effects of anarchy on the willingness of states to cooperate. Highlights the profound divergences between realism and the newest liberal institutionalism. Argues that the former is likely to be proven analytically superior to the latter. (Abstract amended)