Neologismen in der litauischen Sprache gestern und heute Frühe Wortbildungsstrategien im Litauischen sind vor allem deshalb interessant, weil sich viele Ausdrücke auf eine einzelne Person zurückführen lassen. Der litauische Autor und Lexikograph Konstantinas Sirvydas war anlässlich der Schaffung des polnisch-lateinisch-litauischen Wörterbuches Dictionarium trium linguarum gezwungen, für viele polnische und lateinische Wörter litauische Entsprechungen zu kreieren, weil Litauisch zu diesem Zeitpunkt nicht hinreichend ausgebaut war und somit lexikalische Lücken zu füllen waren. Hier soll gezeigt werden, welcher Wortbildungstrategien sich Sirvydas bediente, um Litauisch mit volkssprachlichen Mitteln so weit auszubauen, dass es in den Stand einer Wissenschaftssprache erhoben werden konnte. So gehen beispielsweise die litauischen Planetennamen auf ihn zurück. (Pakalka 1961: 281-298). Heute ist man in Litauen bestrebt, die Sprache möglichst von Fremdwörtern sauber zu halten. Dafür wurde eigens eine Behörde geschaffen, die Staatskommission für litauische Sprache, die in ihren Aufgaben der Académie française ähnlich ist. Die Staatskommission für litauische Sprache bemüht sich momentan vor allem um die Einbettung der Flut von Anglizismen und Slawismen in die litauische Sprache (Hogan-Brun 2009: 120-124). Auch die Wortbildungsstrategien dieser Kommission sollen hier aufgezeigt und mit denen von Sirvydas verglichen werden. Quellen: Hogan-Brun, Gabrielle (2009). Language Politics and Practices in the Baltic States Pakalpa, Kazys (1961). K. Sirvydo "Dictionarium trium linguarum" naujadarai. In: Lietuviu kalbotyros klausimai 4, 281-300. Vilnius, Valstybine politines ir moklines literaturos laidykla
The article examines the use of coloristic neologisms borrowed from French and English in the Russian language. The history of the emergence of coloronyms in Russian linguistics is studied, as well as their lexical meaning and semantic features. The continuous development of various areas of human life contributes to the emergence of new words, including neologisms. One of the most striking examples of the emergence of new lexical units in the Russian language is the process of borrowing. Among a number of borrowings, there are coloristic neologisms, there is an increased interest in the study of these lexemes. The rapid development of the modern world, cultural ties, socio-political relations with foreign states lead to a constant modification of the lexical composition of the modern Russian language.
Cilj magistrskega dela je analizirati rabo izbranih neologizmov v nemščini in sicer s pomočjo nemškega referenčnega korpusa (DeReKo). V teoretičnem delu bodo najprej pobližje predstavljeni nemško besedišče, besede kot jezikovni znaki ter besede kot družbeni in kulturni pojavi. Zatem obravnavamo neologizme kot pojme, njihove vrste ter značilnosti. Pri opisovanju neologizmov igrata pomembno vlogo tudi pojma »kariera« ter »semantični premik«, ki ju definiramo v nadaljevanju. Na koncu teoretičnega dela se osredotočimo na področje korpusnega jezikoslovja, opišemo nemški referenčni korpus Das Deutsche Referenzkorpus (DeReKo) ter iskalne in analizne vidike, ki jih bomo uporabili v praktičnem delu, in zaključimo z dolgoletnim projektom, nemškim slovarjem neologizmov, na inštitutu za nemški jezik (IDS). Za raziskavo je bilo izbranih šest neologizmov – tri s področja politike (Willkommenskultur, Teuro, No-go-Area) in tri s področja tehnologije (Surfer, Trojaner, chatten). V praktičnem delu smo za vsakega najprej kontrastivno analizirali definicije v treh različnih nemških slovarjih (Duden-Online, DWDS in Neologismenwörterbuch) ter ugotavljali razlike med njimi. Kot osnova za korpusno podprto raziskovanje izbranih nemških neologizmov služi nemški referenčni korpus DeReKo, kjer smo pri vsakem neologizmu analizirali zadetke glede na določeno leto, različne nemško govoreče države (Nemčija, Avstrija, Švica) ter teme. S polavtomatično izvedeno kookurenčno analizo in celotnimi besedili revijalnega in časopisnega tiska smo ugotavljali, v kakšnem kontekstu se določen neologizem pojavlja in če mu lahko pripišemo še kak dodaten pomen. Ker neologizmi spreminjajo in bogatijo naš jezik, moramo tudi njim posvečati posebno pozornost, zato je namen tega magistrskega dela pokazati, kako raznovrstni so sodobni nemški neologizmi in kako nam korpusno podprta analiza služi pri opisovanju njihovih pomenov in sobesedilne rabe. ; The goal of this master's thesis is to describe the use and meaning of selected neologisms in the German language, using a corpus-based approach. In the theoretical part of the master's thesis the German vocabulary, words as linguistic signs and words as social and cultural phenomenons are presented. Further on the definition of neologism, its characteristics and types as well as the terms "word career" and "semantic drift" are described. In the next chapter the field of corpus linguistics, the German Reference Corpus (DeReKo) with its functions and the long term project of Dictionary of German Neologisms (Neologismenwörterbuch) are presented. In the empirical part six neologisms from the German language have been chosen for the analysis – three from the field of politics (Willkommenskultur, Teuro, No-go-Area) and three from the field of technology (Surfer, Trojaner, chatten). In the empirical part of the thesis we will first state and compare the meanings of each neologism in three different German dictionaries (Duden-Online, DWDS and Neologismenwörterbuch). The German Reference Corpus DeReKo serves as the basis for further corpus-based analysis. The data can be structured as to their date of appearance, appearance in relation to topics and German speaking countries. In order to discover in which contexts (thematic discourse such as politics, economy etc.) and with which words a neologism is commonly used, the co-occurrence analysis was used. Since neologisms change and make our language richer, we should not ignore them in any way. That is why the aim of the analysis is to show and describe the use as well as the meaning of neologisms with the help of a corpus-based analysis.
Abstract: This research paper reveals the consideration of the linguistic and cultural potential of English neologisms. The article emphasizes national specific of neologisms through their space, realize those categories that representatives of people thinking, and boundaries in which they are placed in order to perceive and analyze the world around them. The extra linguistic factors of the generation of new words, along with the emergence of new realities and scientific and technological progress, include: globalization, the development of the Internet, the spread of anthropocentrism as a way of world perception, the assertion of political correctness and tolerance in language practice, the compression of time.
Wazobia, the name of the female king in Tess Onwueme's play The Reign of Wazobia, is a neologism derived from Yorùbá, Igbó, and Hausa respectively, the three dominant languages in Nigeria. Motivated by the relevance of Onwueme's lexical selection and the socio-political contexts in which the play is set, the essay relies on pragmatic contexts of language usage to analyse the coinage of the name to ascertain whether it dramatizes a political attempt to advocate unity between the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. The essay also interrogates Wazobia's dual gender status, and the feminist implications of the fact that she does not rule as a woman but as either a man or an androgynous figure. Wazobia's dual gender and the illegal extension of her three-year regency raise a number of questions, some of which appear to contradict Onwueme's well-articulated feminist stance. The essay shows that the neologism of Wazobia is largely restricted to a feminist stance, canvassing intra-gender unity among all Nigerian women as a prerequisite for attaining power and emergence into politics and spaces of leadership. Wazobia's gender duality is interpreted as Onwueme's rejection of gender-associated restrictions. This dual status also embodies socio-political implications for unity in the male/female divide, and the Igbóo/Hausa/Yorùbá division. The work interprets the favourable treatment of Wazobia's tyranny as Onwueme's feminist bias and political aspirations for women.
Formative specifics of the German language creates particular conditions for forming neologisms and the related linguistic creativity. The degree to which neologisms are formed in contemporary German can be for instance easily observed upon the 'Wortwarte' project. Some of the neologisms considered as such by the authors of the 'Wortwarte' project shall be discussed in this article. The object of the linguistic analysis are neologisms from the world of politics. During analysis some interesting aspects referring to the form and specifics of contemporary neologisms have been pointed out i.e. word class presented by the analysed neologisms, their construction (i.e formative models upon which they have been formed), their components (i.e. native or foreign elements constituting them) as well as their semantics. ; Formative specifics of the German language creates particular conditions for forming neologisms and the related linguistic creativity. The degree to which neologisms are formed in contemporary German can be for instance easily observed upon the 'Wortwarte' project. Some of the neologisms considered as such by the authors of the 'Wortwarte' project shall be discussed in this article. The object of the linguistic analysis are neologisms from the world of politics. During analysis some interesting aspects referring to the form and specifics of contemporary neologisms have been pointed out i.e. word class presented by the analysed neologisms, their construction (i.e formative models upon which they have been formed), their components (i.e. native or foreign elements constituting them) as well as their semantics.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit ist es, die Interaktion zwischen der Produktivität und der Akzeptanz von Wortbildungsmustern sowie ihre mögliche Lexikalisierung zu zeigen. Es soll geklärt werden, wie die Produktivität von Wortbildungsmustern die Akzeptanz von Neologismen beeinflusst und inwiefern die Produktivität der gebildeten Neuwörter zu ihrer Lexikalisierung beiträgt. Dazu wurden in den 2000er Jahren im Deutschen aufgekommene Neologismen der Bereiche Bildung & Gesellschaft, Politik, Technik sowie Wirtschaft untersucht. Es wurde angenommen, dass ein neu gebildetes Wort durch die Sprecher eher akzeptiert wird, wenn dieses modellgerecht gebildet wurde. Dies befördert wiederum die Lexikalisierung, d. h. die Aufnahme des Neologismus in den Allgemeinwortschatz. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die betrachteten Neologismen vorwiegend nach produktiven und regulären Mustern gebildet wurden. Die Ergebnisse konnten die Annahmen folglich bestätigen: Neue Wortbildungen bzw. deren Etablierung und mögliche Lexikalisierung sowie ihre Akzeptanz hängen von der Produktivität ihrer Struktur ab. Weiterführende Forschung könnte sich mit Aspekten des Verstehensaufwands sowie mit Verarbeitungsstrategien bei der Lexikalisierung von Neologismen beschäftigen. ; The current paper is supposed to reveal the interaction between productivity and acceptability of word formation patterns as well as the lexicalization of them. It shall be clarified how the productivity affects the acceptability of neologisms and to what extent the productivity of the newly formed words contributes to their lexicalization. Therefore, neologisms which are emerged in the 2000s in German were explored, selected from the fields education & society (Bildung & Gesellschaft), politics (Politik), technology (Technik) and economy (Wirtschaft). The main assumption is that a newly formed word is more likely to be accepted if it would be formed modell-compliant. This in turn promotes lexicalization, i. e. this promotes the neologism's inclusion to the lexicon. It could be shown that the considered neologisms were mainly formed by productive and regular patterns. The results therefore confirm the assumptions: new word forms respectively their establishment and possible lexicalization as well as their acceptability depend on the productivity of their structure. Further research could consider aspects of cognitive effort or strategies of processing in lexicalization of neologisms.
There's no doubt that globalization and presentation of neologisms have extended in later a long time as innovation has created more quickly than ever individuals communicate and, in some cases, make modern words or expressions which can effectively spread all over the world and gotten to be well known much appreciated to the web and mass media. The contemporary investigation aimed to discover the linguistic evaluation of neologism associated with Coronavirus (COVID-19). Recently, a brand-new coronavirus disorder COVID-19 has emerged as a breathing contamination with widespread difficulty for worldwide public fitness hazards. However, with every passing day, an increasing number of showed instances are being stated global which has alarmed the worldwide government consisting of the World Health Organization (WHO). In this examine, the researcher makes use of the time period neologism this means that the coinage of latest phrases. Neologism performed a widespread function in the course of the records of epidemic and pandemic. The consciousness of this examine is at the phenomenon of neologism to discover the introduction of latest phrases in the course of the outbreak of COVID-19.
In this paper we study a type of neologism, which we call neologismo inducido (contrived neologism), and try to analyse some of those that were created in the last thirty years in Spain. We use the lexicological tools proposed by the Meaning- Text Theory in order to define their characteristics. Such neologisms are motivated by social changes that involve new concepts and demand new terminology. Sometimes by these neologisms people try to change social attitudes towards some social realities. This is the case of disabled, a term that replaced subnormal. In these cases, the new word contributes to the loss of the negative connotations that the previous word had acquired. This kind of neologism is subtly different from planned neologisms motivated as the result of a legislative change, such as parent A and parent B. Both words are used in Spain in birth certificates after the legalization of gay marriage as a means to avoid resorting to father and mother. What is special here is that induced neologisms follow an induced process, similar to terminology implantation; nevertheless only some of these neologisms are assimilated in everyday speech. The analysis shows that the more a neologism involves semantic change and preserves certain formal characteristics, the more likely it is to be assimilated. ; En este artículo estudiamos un tipo de neologismo, al que llamamos neologismo inducido, e intentamos analizar –con las herramientas lexicológicas propuestas por la Teoría Sentido-Texto– algunos ejemplos que han surgido en España en los últimos treinta años. Estos neologismos vienen motivados por cambios sociales que demandan nuevos conceptos y nueva terminología, y en ocasiones se crean para lograr un cambio de actitud hacia algunas realidades sociales. Es el caso de discapacitado, término que reemplazó a subnormal para evitar las connotaciones negativas que había adquirido esta última palabra. Este tipo de neologismos difieren sutilmente de otros que han sido planificados por un cambio en la legislación, como ocurre con progenitor A y progenitor B. Lo que hace especial a este tipo de neologismos es que el proceso de inducción, similar al de la implantación terminológica, en algunos casos se da de modo paralelo al de su asimilación por los hablantes, quienes transforman esos términos en palabras del habla cotidiana. El análisis permite apreciar cómo los neologismos que suponen un cambio semántico y guardan ciertas características formales tienen más probabilidades de ser asimilados.
