Suchergebnisse

With phenomenal innovation of the Internet and unprecedented growth of Internet users worldwide, the Internet has undoubtedly become important part of many modern peoples' lives, concerning social, political and economical fields. Internet Service Providers (ISP) are responsible for delivering the information thru the Internet networks to our computers. With immense growth of users on the Internet, massive amount of bandwidth is required to deliver the data. ISPs are in complete technical control of the information flow of the Internet. Dangers of fundamental human rights violations occur, when this significant tool of information distribution is in control in the hands of ISPs. Problem of ensuring fundamental human rights, embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights arises and new legal framework is needed to protect the end users of the Internet. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the Internet Service Providers are managing data on Internet networks and whether they are not interfering with rights to freedom of expression and free speech. In order to achieve this aim, in the first part of the work descriptive-comparative research approach is used to investigate the concept of net neutrality, it's corealation to fundamental human rights and main laws regarding principle and protection of human rights. In the second part of the thesis, normative-comparative approach was used to analyze different legal systems in the U.S. and the EU, their requirement to ensure net neutrality principle and human rights protection. Main conclusion of the thesis was that states are liable for ensuring the net neutrality principle, because otherwise it would interfere with fundamental human rights embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

With phenomenal innovation of the Internet and unprecedented growth of Internet users worldwide, the Internet has undoubtedly become important part of many modern peoples' lives, concerning social, political and economical fields. Internet Service Providers (ISP) are responsible for delivering the information thru the Internet networks to our computers. With immense growth of users on the Internet, massive amount of bandwidth is required to deliver the data. ISPs are in complete technical control of the information flow of the Internet. Dangers of fundamental human rights violations occur, when this significant tool of information distribution is in control in the hands of ISPs. Problem of ensuring fundamental human rights, embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights arises and new legal framework is needed to protect the end users of the Internet. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the Internet Service Providers are managing data on Internet networks and whether they are not interfering with rights to freedom of expression and free speech. In order to achieve this aim, in the first part of the work descriptive-comparative research approach is used to investigate the concept of net neutrality, it's corealation to fundamental human rights and main laws regarding principle and protection of human rights. In the second part of the thesis, normative-comparative approach was used to analyze different legal systems in the U.S. and the EU, their requirement to ensure net neutrality principle and human rights protection. Main conclusion of the thesis was that states are liable for ensuring the net neutrality principle, because otherwise it would interfere with fundamental human rights embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

With phenomenal innovation of the Internet and unprecedented growth of Internet users worldwide, the Internet has undoubtedly become important part of many modern peoples' lives, concerning social, political and economical fields. Internet Service Providers (ISP) are responsible for delivering the information thru the Internet networks to our computers. With immense growth of users on the Internet, massive amount of bandwidth is required to deliver the data. ISPs are in complete technical control of the information flow of the Internet. Dangers of fundamental human rights violations occur, when this significant tool of information distribution is in control in the hands of ISPs. Problem of ensuring fundamental human rights, embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights arises and new legal framework is needed to protect the end users of the Internet. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the Internet Service Providers are managing data on Internet networks and whether they are not interfering with rights to freedom of expression and free speech. In order to achieve this aim, in the first part of the work descriptive-comparative research approach is used to investigate the concept of net neutrality, it's corealation to fundamental human rights and main laws regarding principle and protection of human rights. In the second part of the thesis, normative-comparative approach was used to analyze different legal systems in the U.S. and the EU, their requirement to ensure net neutrality principle and human rights protection. Main conclusion of the thesis was that states are liable for ensuring the net neutrality principle, because otherwise it would interfere with fundamental human rights embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Internet is becoming an increasingly prevalent medium for personal communication and an essential means of international commerce. As it grows, the unfortunate byproducts of traditional commercial practice and personal interactions become more prevalent on-line. Nowadays more business deals (ranging from simple purchases of goods to complicated orders and other on-line contracts) are done on the Internet. Some of those business deals go badly, bearing business or court's litigation. Various forms of infringement, fraud, and other torts and crimes are performed on the Internet. Following many above mentioned actions, Copyright or Network Neutrality infringements abounds on the Internet too. European Council stressed the importance of the digital single market for growth. There was a need for detailed measures, in order to establish a single market in information and communications technology. In May 2010, the European Commission adopted the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) . This agenda is a strategy to take advantage of the potential offered by the rapid progress of digital technologies. The newest EU Parliament resolution was issued in 2014-04-03. This resolution established the main aim: in line with the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy and with this call, this regulation aims at contributing to the establishment of a single market for electronic communications by completing and adapting the existing Union Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications .

The Internet is becoming an increasingly prevalent medium for personal communication and an essential means of international commerce. As it grows, the unfortunate byproducts of traditional commercial practice and personal interactions become more prevalent on-line. Nowadays more business deals (ranging from simple purchases of goods to complicated orders and other on-line contracts) are done on the Internet. Some of those business deals go badly, bearing business or court's litigation. Various forms of infringement, fraud, and other torts and crimes are performed on the Internet. Following many above mentioned actions, Copyright or Network Neutrality infringements abounds on the Internet too. European Council stressed the importance of the digital single market for growth. There was a need for detailed measures, in order to establish a single market in information and communications technology. In May 2010, the European Commission adopted the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) . This agenda is a strategy to take advantage of the potential offered by the rapid progress of digital technologies. The newest EU Parliament resolution was issued in 2014-04-03. This resolution established the main aim: in line with the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy and with this call, this regulation aims at contributing to the establishment of a single market for electronic communications by completing and adapting the existing Union Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications .

The Internet is becoming an increasingly prevalent medium for personal communication and an essential means of international commerce. As it grows, the unfortunate byproducts of traditional commercial practice and personal interactions become more prevalent on-line. Nowadays more business deals (ranging from simple purchases of goods to complicated orders and other on-line contracts) are done on the Internet. Some of those business deals go badly, bearing business or court's litigation. Various forms of infringement, fraud, and other torts and crimes are performed on the Internet. Following many above mentioned actions, Copyright or Network Neutrality infringements abounds on the Internet too. European Council stressed the importance of the digital single market for growth. There was a need for detailed measures, in order to establish a single market in information and communications technology. In May 2010, the European Commission adopted the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) . This agenda is a strategy to take advantage of the potential offered by the rapid progress of digital technologies. The newest EU Parliament resolution was issued in 2014-04-03. This resolution established the main aim: in line with the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy and with this call, this regulation aims at contributing to the establishment of a single market for electronic communications by completing and adapting the existing Union Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications .

The principle of state neutrality and the principle of secularity of the state are established in the jurisprudence of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court. The principle of separateness of the state and the church is also indicated in the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania of 13 June 2000 "On certain provisions of the Law on Education". The paper deals with interpretation of this principle in the scholarly works of some authors. Taking into account the state neutrality concept discussed within the framework of political philosophy, this paper raises certain doubts with regard to the scholarly interpretation of the principle of separateness of the state and the church established in the constitutional jurisprudence. The author of the paper discusses a particular argument raised by some scholars as to the uniqueness of the constitutional principle of separateness of the state and the church. In this regard the author conducts a systemic analysis of the constitutional jurisprudence and its interpretation with regard to the principle of secularity of the state. Moreover, the concept of the state neutrality principle is indicated in the paper. Finally, the state neutrality principle is discussed in the context of a line of reasoning of the authors who claim that the principle of separateness of the state and the church conceptually differs from the principle of separation of the state and the church. In this regard, the author asserts that the approach claiming that co-operation of the state and the church is a feature of the Lithuanian Constitution in light of the constitutional principle of secularity of the state lacks coherence and implies certain risks on the constitutional system prescribing relations between the church and the state in Lithuania.

The principle of state neutrality and the principle of secularity of the state are established in the jurisprudence of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court. The principle of separateness of the state and the church is also indicated in the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania of 13 June 2000 "On certain provisions of the Law on Education". The paper deals with interpretation of this principle in the scholarly works of some authors. Taking into account the state neutrality concept discussed within the framework of political philosophy, this paper raises certain doubts with regard to the scholarly interpretation of the principle of separateness of the state and the church established in the constitutional jurisprudence. The author of the paper discusses a particular argument raised by some scholars as to the uniqueness of the constitutional principle of separateness of the state and the church. In this regard the author conducts a systemic analysis of the constitutional jurisprudence and its interpretation with regard to the principle of secularity of the state. Moreover, the concept of the state neutrality principle is indicated in the paper. Finally, the state neutrality principle is discussed in the context of a line of reasoning of the authors who claim that the principle of separateness of the state and the church conceptually differs from the principle of separation of the state and the church. In this regard, the author asserts that the approach claiming that co-operation of the state and the church is a feature of the Lithuanian Constitution in light of the constitutional principle of secularity of the state lacks coherence and implies certain risks on the constitutional system prescribing relations between the church and the state in Lithuania.

The principle of state neutrality and the principle of secularity of the state are established in the jurisprudence of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court. The principle of separateness of the state and the church is also indicated in the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania of 13 June 2000 "On certain provisions of the Law on Education". The paper deals with interpretation of this principle in the scholarly works of some authors. Taking into account the state neutrality concept discussed within the framework of political philosophy, this paper raises certain doubts with regard to the scholarly interpretation of the principle of separateness of the state and the church established in the constitutional jurisprudence. The author of the paper discusses a particular argument raised by some scholars as to the uniqueness of the constitutional principle of separateness of the state and the church. In this regard the author conducts a systemic analysis of the constitutional jurisprudence and its interpretation with regard to the principle of secularity of the state. Moreover, the concept of the state neutrality principle is indicated in the paper. Finally, the state neutrality principle is discussed in the context of a line of reasoning of the authors who claim that the principle of separateness of the state and the church conceptually differs from the principle of separation of the state and the church. In this regard, the author asserts that the approach claiming that co-operation of the state and the church is a feature of the Lithuanian Constitution in light of the constitutional principle of secularity of the state lacks coherence and implies certain risks on the constitutional system prescribing relations between the church and the state in Lithuania.

The principle of state neutrality and the principle of secularity of the state are established in the jurisprudence of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court. The principle of separateness of the state and the church is also indicated in the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania of 13 June 2000 "On certain provisions of the Law on Education". The paper deals with interpretation of this principle in the scholarly works of some authors. Taking into account the state neutrality concept discussed within the framework of political philosophy, this paper raises certain doubts with regard to the scholarly interpretation of the principle of separateness of the state and the church established in the constitutional jurisprudence. The author of the paper discusses a particular argument raised by some scholars as to the uniqueness of the constitutional principle of separateness of the state and the church. In this regard the author conducts a systemic analysis of the constitutional jurisprudence and its interpretation with regard to the principle of secularity of the state. Moreover, the concept of the state neutrality principle is indicated in the paper. Finally, the state neutrality principle is discussed in the context of a line of reasoning of the authors who claim that the principle of separateness of the state and the church conceptually differs from the principle of separation of the state and the church. In this regard, the author asserts that the approach claiming that co-operation of the state and the church is a feature of the Lithuanian Constitution in light of the constitutional principle of secularity of the state lacks coherence and implies certain risks on the constitutional system prescribing relations between the church and the state in Lithuania.

Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: Lithuania in 1938 and 1939 : illusions of neutrality

The main point of this work concerns basic premises and its interrelation of liberalism: doctrines of human rights, moral individualism and state neutrality. Locke's and Dworkin's liberal conceptions help to reveal the deep structure of liberal mind, its inconsistence and limitation. There are identified Protestant world-view and Renaissance humanism as a fundamental sources of liberal ideas. Individual and its autonomy is revealed as a central idea of liberal politics. There are shown substancial differences between early and contemporary liberal mind.

The main point of this work concerns basic premises and its interrelation of liberalism: doctrines of human rights, moral individualism and state neutrality. Locke's and Dworkin's liberal conceptions help to reveal the deep structure of liberal mind, its inconsistence and limitation. There are identified Protestant world-view and Renaissance humanism as a fundamental sources of liberal ideas. Individual and its autonomy is revealed as a central idea of liberal politics. There are shown substancial differences between early and contemporary liberal mind.

Problematic aspects of Regulating online streaming Television under European Union Law In the Master's thesis 'Problematic Aspects of Regulating Internet Television under European Union Law' the new type of television – internet television – is analysed. In the thesis the notion of 'internet television' means not only linear services but also non-linear and video-sharing platforms. As of this moment, the institutions of EU negotiate the new project of amendments to the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, which is considered to be a suitable way to regulate the audiovisual market of the EU in the light of technology convergence. In the first part of the thesis the notion 'internet television' is analysed. Having in mind that there is no exact notion of internet television in the EU laws, the author takes into account the notions suggested by the international organizations (ITU, OECD). These notions are compared with the similar ones established in the EU laws. In this chapter the features of every type of internet television are compared in the light of EU law and relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The second chapter deals with the net neutrality issues. Net neutrality has a crucial role in the provision of internet services. As of today, Net neutrality is considered as one of the most debatable topics of technology. Because of that, the main arguments of both sides are presented in the thesis, together with the comparison of regulations considering neutral internet rules in both USA and EU. In the third part the author discusses the geographic blocking (geoblocking). The geoblocking practice is analysed together with the operating principles concerning it. It is worth mentioning that even though the geoblocking is mostly familiar with the relationships happening in the private sector, the abovementioned practice can also be used in order to ensure the public interest. In this chapter the circumvention of geoblocking is discussed in the light of several scopes – international treaties, EU law and the terms of services introduced by the providers of the online content. In the last chapter the country of origin principle is discussed. The country of origin principle is considered as a fundamental provision of the digital single market of the EU. However, due to the technology convergence, this principle is questioned whether it is a suitable regulatory mechanism. There are several alternatives introduced to this principle.

Problematic aspects of Regulating online streaming Television under European Union Law In the Master's thesis 'Problematic Aspects of Regulating Internet Television under European Union Law' the new type of television – internet television – is analysed. In the thesis the notion of 'internet television' means not only linear services but also non-linear and video-sharing platforms. As of this moment, the institutions of EU negotiate the new project of amendments to the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, which is considered to be a suitable way to regulate the audiovisual market of the EU in the light of technology convergence. In the first part of the thesis the notion 'internet television' is analysed. Having in mind that there is no exact notion of internet television in the EU laws, the author takes into account the notions suggested by the international organizations (ITU, OECD). These notions are compared with the similar ones established in the EU laws. In this chapter the features of every type of internet television are compared in the light of EU law and relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The second chapter deals with the net neutrality issues. Net neutrality has a crucial role in the provision of internet services. As of today, Net neutrality is considered as one of the most debatable topics of technology. Because of that, the main arguments of both sides are presented in the thesis, together with the comparison of regulations considering neutral internet rules in both USA and EU. In the third part the author discusses the geographic blocking (geoblocking). The geoblocking practice is analysed together with the operating principles concerning it. It is worth mentioning that even though the geoblocking is mostly familiar with the relationships happening in the private sector, the abovementioned practice can also be used in order to ensure the public interest. In this chapter the circumvention of geoblocking is discussed in the light of several scopes – international treaties, EU law and the terms of services introduced by the providers of the online content. In the last chapter the country of origin principle is discussed. The country of origin principle is considered as a fundamental provision of the digital single market of the EU. However, due to the technology convergence, this principle is questioned whether it is a suitable regulatory mechanism. There are several alternatives introduced to this principle.