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From the 1970s cult TV show, Monty Python's Flying Circus, to the current hit musical Spamalot, the Monty Python comedy troupe has been at the center of popular culture and entertainment. The Pythons John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin, and Terry Gilliam are increasingly recognized and honored for their creativity and enduring influence in the worlds of comedy and film. Monty Python and Philosophy extends that recognition into the world of philosophy. Fifteen experts in topics like mythology, Buddhism, feminism, logic, ethics, and the philosophy of science bring their expertise to bear on Python movies such as Monty Python's Life of Brian and Flying Circus mainstays such as the Argument Clinic, the Dead Parrot Sketch, and, of course, the Bruces, the Pythons' demented, song-filled vision of an Australian philosophy department. Monty Python and Philosophy follows the same hit format as the other titles in this popular series and explains all the philosophical concepts discussed in laymen's terms

Nudge – so heißt die Formel, mit der man andere dazu bewegt, die richtigen Entscheidungen zu treffen. Denn Menschen verhalten sich von Natur aus nicht rational. Nur mit einer Portion List können sie dazu gebracht werden, vernünftig zu handeln. Aber wie schafft man das, ohne sie zu bevormunden? Wie erreicht man zum Beispiel, dass sie sich um ihre Altervorsorge kümmern, umweltbewusst leben oder sich gesund ernähren? Darauf gibt Nudge die Antwort.

This timely Research Handbook offers a comprehensive examination of the growing field of nudging and its impact on society. The editors, Cass R. Sunstein and Lucia A. Reisch provide readers with a detailed exploration of the theoretical and empirical work on nudging, as well as an understanding of current and likely future developments in the field.Divided into five key thematic parts, the Research Handbook covers everything from the foundations of nudging to its use in organizations. Top international scholars approach the subject from multiple disciplines and perspectives, examining current debates in the field, including the relationship between nudges and freedom; nudges, behavioral biases, and noise; the fundamental role of default rules and social norms; and how nudging can enhance human welfare. Health, safety, poverty, employment, the environment (including climate change), economic growth, and civil rights are among the subjects covered. The Research Handbook concludes with a detailed look at contested ideas and real-world policies, such as ethics and the policies of Covid-19, as well as providing commentary on misconceptions about nudging.This Research Handbook is an essential resource for scholars and students in the fields of behavioral economics, public policy, law, public administration, public health, food policy, and sustainable development policy. The state-of-the-art practical insights into nudging, as well as accessible style, also makes this an invigorating read for practitioners

Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction to the Research Handbook on Nudges and Society -- Part I Foundations -- 1. Libertarian paternalism -- 2. Nudgeability and beyond: affording people with opportunities to make the right choice -- 3. Bias, noise and nudges -- 4. Social norm nudging for sustainable consumption -- 5. Welfare now -- Part II Applications -- 6. Shifting online incentive structures to reduce polarization and the spread of misinformation -- 7. Animal protection and information avoidance -- 8. Behavioural interventions to improve financial wellbeing: a focus on budgeting -- 9. Nudging employees for corporate sustainability: a systematic evidence map -- 10. Smart disclosure: promise and perils -- Part III Methods and research challenges -- 11. Nudges versus financial incentives -- 12. Priceless behaviours: behavioural implications, unintended consequences and spillover effects of pricing policies -- Part IV Policymaking -- 13. Nudge+: putting citizens at the heart of behavioural public policy -- 14. Addressing inequalities with behavioral science: a taxonomy of positive deviance -- 15. Self-nudging and the citizen choice architect -- Part V Battlefields -- 16. Behavioural science: ethics, expertise and systemic risk -- 17. The use and misuse of behavioural science in the age of COVID-19 -- 18. Eight misconceptions about nudges -- Index.

1 Overview of Behavioral Economics and Policy -- 2 The Four Pillars of Behavioral Paternalism -- 3 Failing Better: What We Learn by Confronting Risk and Uncertainty -- 4 Behavioral Nudges and Consumer Technology -- 5 Private-Sector Nudging: The Good, the Bad, and the Uncertain -- 6 Who Should Nudge? -- 7 Weight Loss Nudges: Market Test or Government Guess? -- 8 Nudging in an Evolving Marketplace: How Markets Improve Their Own Choice Architecture -- 9 One Standard to Rule Them All: The Disparate Impact of Energy Efficiency Regulations -- 10 Nudges in Healthcare.

This collection challenges the popular but abstract concept of nudging, demonstrating the real-world application of behavioral economics in policy-making and technology. Groundbreaking and practical, it considers the existing political incentives and regulatory institutions that shape the environment in which behavioral policy-making occurs, as well as alternatives to government nudges already provided by the market. The contributions discuss the use of regulations and technology to help consumers overcome their behavioral biases and make better choices, considering the ethical questions of government and market nudges and the uncertainty inherent in designing effective nudges. Four case studies - on weight loss, energy efficiency, consumer finance, and health care - put the discussion of the efficiency of nudges into concrete, recognizable terms. A must-read for researchers studying the public policy applications of behavioral economics, this book will also appeal to practicing lawmakers and regulators.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 The Problem -- Default Nudges -- References -- 2 Challenges for Nudging and a Framework for Assessing Them -- Effectiveness -- Ethical Issues -- What Is the Problem? -- Unacceptable Paternalism -- Manipulation -- Responses to Criticisms -- People's Perceptions and Experiences of Nudges: A Framework -- Proposition 1: People's Perceptions and Experiences Are Part of the Net (Welfare) Effect of the Nudge -- Proposition 2: People's Perceptions and Experiences Are Relevant to the Ethical Assessment of Nudges -- Proposition 3: People's Perceptions and Experiences Can Moderate Behavior Change -- The Relevance of Transparency -- References -- 3 How Do People Evaluate Default Nudges? -- Survey-Based Research -- Transparency and Defaults -- Transparency and Choice -- Transparency and Perceptions of Default Nudges -- Firsthand Evaluations -- Choice Experiences: Do Defaults Affect Experienced Autonomy and Choice Satisfaction? -- Perceptions of Defaults and Choice Architects Using Them -- What We Know -- References -- 4 Evaluation -- Distribution -- Measuring Welfare -- Lessons -- References -- References -- Index.