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In order to reveal the dichotomy of convergence and divergence, the article discusses the profile of Lithuanian social inclusion policy. The article critically evaluates the Open Method of Coordination and the new social policy tool, which is still under the process of elaboration – the European Pillar for Social Rights. The concrete examples of Lithuanian social policy that suit the definition of the austerity measures reveal that instead of a promoted and supposed convergence towards Social Europe, the European policies of social inclusion diverge. In order to explain the diverging social policies and their institutional constellations, the theory of path dependency, one that emphasizes the transaction costs and typology of social knowledge, is employed. The article also aims to elaborate the theoretical framework for the examination of the relationship between the profile of social inclusion policy and value orientations of the population. Lithuanian policy experts of social inclusion, as well as professionals working in the same field of social policy, are inclined to prioritize the austerity measures and the role of social control.

In order to reveal the dichotomy of convergence and divergence, the article discusses the profile of Lithuanian social inclusion policy. The article critically evaluates the Open Method of Coordination and the new social policy tool, which is still under the process of elaboration – the European Pillar for Social Rights. The concrete examples of Lithuanian social policy that suit the definition of the austerity measures reveal that instead of a promoted and supposed convergence towards Social Europe, the European policies of social inclusion diverge. In order to explain the diverging social policies and their institutional constellations, the theory of path dependency, one that emphasizes the transaction costs and typology of social knowledge, is employed. The article also aims to elaborate the theoretical framework for the examination of the relationship between the profile of social inclusion policy and value orientations of the population. Lithuanian policy experts of social inclusion, as well as professionals working in the same field of social policy, are inclined to prioritize the austerity measures and the role of social control.

This article analyzes coordination that in the Varieties of capitalism (Voc) approach is described as ways in which firms and other actors engage in political-economic relations. it answers the question about the main conditions influencing the establishment of coordination and the achievement of particular coordination equilibriums in political economy. The Voc approach proposes two answers. firstly, coordination depends on institutions supporting its particular way. Secondly, particular actors' qualities called common knowledge are necessary. These qualities enable actors to estimate expected behavior of each other and predict equilibriums reached during coordination. While the support of political leadership can enable coordinating institutions and while coordination equilibriums are not achieved easily, common knowledge is an object of hegemonic support. in order to analyze the "openness" of coordination to hegemonic support, coordination is understood as a process of production and exchange of meaning. By applying analytical tools of discourse based on Paul ricoeur's discourse theory and roman Jacobson's discourse model, basic factors influencing the way meaning is established in discursive coordination are identified. These factors also refer to common knowledge that is specific to each way of coordination. market coordination is based on the common knowledge connected to the acceptance of market code and its application skills. Strategic coordination relies on actors' context, which includes trust and experiences of their past interactions. in both cases common knowledge related to market code and common knowledge related to context are the factors open to hegemonic influence.

This article analyzes coordination that in the Varieties of capitalism (Voc) approach is described as ways in which firms and other actors engage in political-economic relations. it answers the question about the main conditions influencing the establishment of coordination and the achievement of particular coordination equilibriums in political economy. The Voc approach proposes two answers. firstly, coordination depends on institutions supporting its particular way. Secondly, particular actors' qualities called common knowledge are necessary. These qualities enable actors to estimate expected behavior of each other and predict equilibriums reached during coordination. While the support of political leadership can enable coordinating institutions and while coordination equilibriums are not achieved easily, common knowledge is an object of hegemonic support. in order to analyze the "openness" of coordination to hegemonic support, coordination is understood as a process of production and exchange of meaning. By applying analytical tools of discourse based on Paul ricoeur's discourse theory and roman Jacobson's discourse model, basic factors influencing the way meaning is established in discursive coordination are identified. These factors also refer to common knowledge that is specific to each way of coordination. market coordination is based on the common knowledge connected to the acceptance of market code and its application skills. Strategic coordination relies on actors' context, which includes trust and experiences of their past interactions. in both cases common knowledge related to market code and common knowledge related to context are the factors open to hegemonic influence.

This article analyzes coordination that in the Varieties of capitalism (Voc) approach is described as ways in which firms and other actors engage in political-economic relations. it answers the question about the main conditions influencing the establishment of coordination and the achievement of particular coordination equilibriums in political economy. The Voc approach proposes two answers. firstly, coordination depends on institutions supporting its particular way. Secondly, particular actors' qualities called common knowledge are necessary. These qualities enable actors to estimate expected behavior of each other and predict equilibriums reached during coordination. While the support of political leadership can enable coordinating institutions and while coordination equilibriums are not achieved easily, common knowledge is an object of hegemonic support. in order to analyze the "openness" of coordination to hegemonic support, coordination is understood as a process of production and exchange of meaning. By applying analytical tools of discourse based on Paul ricoeur's discourse theory and roman Jacobson's discourse model, basic factors influencing the way meaning is established in discursive coordination are identified. These factors also refer to common knowledge that is specific to each way of coordination. market coordination is based on the common knowledge connected to the acceptance of market code and its application skills. Strategic coordination relies on actors' context, which includes trust and experiences of their past interactions. in both cases common knowledge related to market code and common knowledge related to context are the factors open to hegemonic influence.

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

The article presents the concept of the cross-border method that was developed in the framework of the Erasmus+ programme project. The aim of this method is to provide students on PhD/Mg programmes with theoretical knowledge and practical competencies on how to properly develop and conduct research on social and health issues of the elderly in care institutions and in the family environment by using the cross-border method through collaboration and the transfer of innovation. This method was constructed as an attempt to understand the challenges of an ageing society in the modern world, and to be able to assess them in research thereof from both intercultural and comparative perspectives. In order to adopt innovations and to transfer experience in the context of addressing the problems of an ageing society, there is a potential to contribute to the stability of social protection and the accessibility of social services for the elderly. The article presents the concept of the method as one of the results of the project, and as a part of the long-term scientific contributions to revealing the importance of international cooperation and innovation in meeting the challenges of an ageing society. A properly chosen method and well-conducted studies show the essence of the phenomenon of an ageing society and its patterns. The methods determine the quality and reliability of the knowledge of the research subject, and open up opportunities for developing political, learning and care strategies for the social protection of an ageing society in the context of demographic change.

The article presents the concept of the cross-border method that was developed in the framework of the Erasmus+ programme project. The aim of this method is to provide students on PhD/Mg programmes with theoretical knowledge and practical competencies on how to properly develop and conduct research on social and health issues of the elderly in care institutions and in the family environment by using the cross-border method through collaboration and the transfer of innovation. This method was constructed as an attempt to understand the challenges of an ageing society in the modern world, and to be able to assess them in research thereof from both intercultural and comparative perspectives. In order to adopt innovations and to transfer experience in the context of addressing the problems of an ageing society, there is a potential to contribute to the stability of social protection and the accessibility of social services for the elderly. The article presents the concept of the method as one of the results of the project, and as a part of the long-term scientific contributions to revealing the importance of international cooperation and innovation in meeting the challenges of an ageing society. A properly chosen method and well-conducted studies show the essence of the phenomenon of an ageing society and its patterns. The methods determine the quality and reliability of the knowledge of the research subject, and open up opportunities for developing political, learning and care strategies for the social protection of an ageing society in the context of demographic change.

The article presents the concept of the cross-border method that was developed in the framework of the Erasmus+ programme project. The aim of this method is to provide students on PhD/Mg programmes with theoretical knowledge and practical competencies on how to properly develop and conduct research on social and health issues of the elderly in care institutions and in the family environment by using the cross-border method through collaboration and the transfer of innovation. This method was constructed as an attempt to understand the challenges of an ageing society in the modern world, and to be able to assess them in research thereof from both intercultural and comparative perspectives. In order to adopt innovations and to transfer experience in the context of addressing the problems of an ageing society, there is a potential to contribute to the stability of social protection and the accessibility of social services for the elderly. The article presents the concept of the method as one of the results of the project, and as a part of the long-term scientific contributions to revealing the importance of international cooperation and innovation in meeting the challenges of an ageing society. A properly chosen method and well-conducted studies show the essence of the phenomenon of an ageing society and its patterns. The methods determine the quality and reliability of the knowledge of the research subject, and open up opportunities for developing political, learning and care strategies for the social protection of an ageing society in the context of demographic change.

The article presents the concept of the cross-border method that was developed in the framework of the Erasmus+ programme project. The aim of this method is to provide students on PhD/Mg programmes with theoretical knowledge and practical competencies on how to properly develop and conduct research on social and health issues of the elderly in care institutions and in the family environment by using the cross-border method through collaboration and the transfer of innovation. This method was constructed as an attempt to understand the challenges of an ageing society in the modern world, and to be able to assess them in research thereof from both intercultural and comparative perspectives. In order to adopt innovations and to transfer experience in the context of addressing the problems of an ageing society, there is a potential to contribute to the stability of social protection and the accessibility of social services for the elderly. The article presents the concept of the method as one of the results of the project, and as a part of the long-term scientific contributions to revealing the importance of international cooperation and innovation in meeting the challenges of an ageing society. A properly chosen method and well-conducted studies show the essence of the phenomenon of an ageing society and its patterns. The methods determine the quality and reliability of the knowledge of the research subject, and open up opportunities for developing political, learning and care strategies for the social protection of an ageing society in the context of demographic change.

In the Master's thesis the concept of youth policy is explored in more detail in the context of several related areas: first, with respect to Europeanization and the processes that influence it; second, the relationships between the EU and the Republic of Turkey in the area of youth policy; and third, the effects of the educational mobility programmes on the youth policy of the Republic of Turkey. The first cluster of issues includes a discussion of the youth paradigm, formulation and shaping of youth policy, the EU guidelines regarding this area, open method of coordination, and youth volunteer policy. The second group of questions deals with the European identity, the scope of Europeanization, activities of the Council of Europe, and the Bologna process. The last theoretical chapter is devoted to the analysis of relationships between the EU and the Republic of Turkey in the area of youth policy, the development of education in Turkey, as well as the links in youth policy between the EU and the Republic of Turkey. Chapter 4 presents the findings based on the analysis of the empirical material and statistical information. The analytical part concentrates on the effects of educational mobility programmes in implementing youth policy measures in the Republic of Turkey.