Suchergebnisse

The aim of the master thesis is to define how candidates create their image in social media. The following tasks were set in order to achieve this aim: according to theoretical sources, to define members of modern election campaign, analyze their interaction and determine their roles and functions; according to theoretical and practical material on candidate image formation, to define the concept of candidate image, analyze different aspects of candidate image formation process and define image value in political context; to conduct a qualitative study with public relations and political specialists and candidates for 2011 Vilnius Municipality Council The paper consists of 3 parts. The first part emphasizes the significance of todays' election campaign and roles of its 3 principal members: a candidate, media and voters. These members are dependent on each other and create a relationship chain (candidate – media – voters). The second part analyses candidate image, its components and formation process. Candidate image closely related to voters perception and is affected by inner and outer environmental factors. Image formation process should include positive media relations, campaign theme, target group expectations, personal and issue-orientated presentation, visual image and social media usage. The third part is a qualitative study. The aim of the study is to find out how candidates create their image through personal websites. The study shows that candidates use websites as a personal expression tool and a means of image formation. In their opinion, it is necessary to exploit new technologies if one wants to win the election. The Conclusions summarize the main outcomes of the analysis and the research made. It shows that candidates are limited to use traditional media channels and search for cheaper and more accessible tools. In candidates' opinion, personal websites can be used as a means of image formation and self expression. Candidates use visual material, present themselves in both personal and professional ways and target to young voters. It was noticed that they also do not have a communication plan and their communication in a website is chaotic - that possibly decreases the number of readers.

The aim of the master thesis is to define how candidates create their image in social media. The following tasks were set in order to achieve this aim: according to theoretical sources, to define members of modern election campaign, analyze their interaction and determine their roles and functions; according to theoretical and practical material on candidate image formation, to define the concept of candidate image, analyze different aspects of candidate image formation process and define image value in political context; to conduct a qualitative study with public relations and political specialists and candidates for 2011 Vilnius Municipality Council The paper consists of 3 parts. The first part emphasizes the significance of todays' election campaign and roles of its 3 principal members: a candidate, media and voters. These members are dependent on each other and create a relationship chain (candidate – media – voters). The second part analyses candidate image, its components and formation process. Candidate image closely related to voters perception and is affected by inner and outer environmental factors. Image formation process should include positive media relations, campaign theme, target group expectations, personal and issue-orientated presentation, visual image and social media usage. The third part is a qualitative study. The aim of the study is to find out how candidates create their image through personal websites. The study shows that candidates use websites as a personal expression tool and a means of image formation. In their opinion, it is necessary to exploit new technologies if one wants to win the election. The Conclusions summarize the main outcomes of the analysis and the research made. It shows that candidates are limited to use traditional media channels and search for cheaper and more accessible tools. In candidates' opinion, personal websites can be used as a means of image formation and self expression. Candidates use visual material, present themselves in both personal and professional ways and target to young voters. It was noticed that they also do not have a communication plan and their communication in a website is chaotic - that possibly decreases the number of readers.

Master's final thesis analyzes and evaluates blood donation and blood components policy formation in Lithuania. The theoretical part reveals the current situation of blood donation and blood components in Lithuania and Scandinavian countries, the principles of issuing of blood components for personal health care institutions, the legal regulation of blood donation and blood components in the European Union. The analytical part of this work examines the opinion of blood donors and personal health care professionals on the promotion of blood donation and the implementation and execution of blood component planning.

Master's final thesis analyzes and evaluates blood donation and blood components policy formation in Lithuania. The theoretical part reveals the current situation of blood donation and blood components in Lithuania and Scandinavian countries, the principles of issuing of blood components for personal health care institutions, the legal regulation of blood donation and blood components in the European Union. The analytical part of this work examines the opinion of blood donors and personal health care professionals on the promotion of blood donation and the implementation and execution of blood component planning.

This article focuses on formation of environmental policy in different periods in Lithuania. The purpose of the article is to analyze main steps of development environmental policy. Some researchers keep opinion that the beginning of environmental policy started in the interwar period. Meanwhile more environmental specialists are following position that in this period had been not founded any specialized environmental institution and the roots of environmental policy cannot be in the interwar years. Actually development of environmental policy started after Second World War in the soviet period when Nature Conservation Act has been adopted and State Nature Protection Committee, and some environmental protection agencies had been founded. The beginning of modern environmental policy started in the beginning of re – establishing of the Independent Republic when Sate Environmental Protection Department has been founded and Environmental Protection Act has been adopted. The adoption of the State Environmental Protection Strategy and the National Environmental Protection Strategy are main current strategic instruments to develop modern environmental policy in Lithuania.

This article focuses on formation of environmental policy in different periods in Lithuania. The purpose of the article is to analyze main steps of development environmental policy. Some researchers keep opinion that the beginning of environmental policy started in the interwar period. Meanwhile more environmental specialists are following position that in this period had been not founded any specialized environmental institution and the roots of environmental policy cannot be in the interwar years. Actually development of environmental policy started after Second World War in the soviet period when Nature Conservation Act has been adopted and State Nature Protection Committee, and some environmental protection agencies had been founded. The beginning of modern environmental policy started in the beginning of re – establishing of the Independent Republic when Sate Environmental Protection Department has been founded and Environmental Protection Act has been adopted. The adoption of the State Environmental Protection Strategy and the National Environmental Protection Strategy are main current strategic instruments to develop modern environmental policy in Lithuania.

After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.

After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.

After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.

After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.

Rapid economic, political changes and social events inevitably influence the change of priorities and traditional values. Pedagogues themselves are partly responsible for their negative image in the media. The professional image of pre-school education pedagogues is the subject of the research. The aim of the research is to reveal the attitude of the prospective pre-school pedagogues towards formation of the professional image. The scope and basis of the research: 145 (including 46 males and 99 female) respondents, the age varied from 18 to 70 years. To achieve of the aim, the quantitative and qualitative research was applied. The results of the empirical research show that pre-school education pedagogues themselves are partly responsible for their professional image. A positive image of pedagogues is: determined by the responsibility for job, pedagogical calmness, the love to a child, education competences, personal and professional qualities. A negative position of the professional image of pre-school education pedagogue's job was related to emotional coldness, children harassment, parents and children neglect and bad work.

Rapid economic, political changes and social events inevitably influence the change of priorities and traditional values. Pedagogues themselves are partly responsible for their negative image in the media. The professional image of pre-school education pedagogues is the subject of the research. The aim of the research is to reveal the attitude of the prospective pre-school pedagogues towards formation of the professional image. The scope and basis of the research: 145 (including 46 males and 99 female) respondents, the age varied from 18 to 70 years. To achieve of the aim, the quantitative and qualitative research was applied. The results of the empirical research show that pre-school education pedagogues themselves are partly responsible for their professional image. A positive image of pedagogues is: determined by the responsibility for job, pedagogical calmness, the love to a child, education competences, personal and professional qualities. A negative position of the professional image of pre-school education pedagogue's job was related to emotional coldness, children harassment, parents and children neglect and bad work.

Master's thesis analyzes the contemporary Alcohol Control Policy of Lithuania. Author of the work conducted a public opinion survey-interview, used the analysis of scientific literature and other methods of research to disclose and evaluate the issues of the Lithuanian Alcohol Control Policy. The paper not only reveals the lack of implementation of alcohol control in Lithuania, but also provides guidance on how to improve it with/adapting the effective science-based and used globally alcohol control measures. Lithuanian residents (survey data) and alcohol-control experts have an average view of this policy. Many of them support the stronger alcohol control policy. One of the major constraints on evidence-based alcohol policy development – strong influence of the alcohol industry in the country.

Master's thesis analyzes the contemporary Alcohol Control Policy of Lithuania. Author of the work conducted a public opinion survey-interview, used the analysis of scientific literature and other methods of research to disclose and evaluate the issues of the Lithuanian Alcohol Control Policy. The paper not only reveals the lack of implementation of alcohol control in Lithuania, but also provides guidance on how to improve it with/adapting the effective science-based and used globally alcohol control measures. Lithuanian residents (survey data) and alcohol-control experts have an average view of this policy. Many of them support the stronger alcohol control policy. One of the major constraints on evidence-based alcohol policy development – strong influence of the alcohol industry in the country.

According to World's Health Organization, alcohol is the third most important cause of imminent death after smoking and arterial hypertension. Consumption of alcohol is obvious problem in Lithuanian society. This is particularly clear in the context of the European Union countries, as Lithuania is the leader in consumption of alcohol per capita. Aim of the study – to assess alcohol control policy-making processes present in Lithuanian online media. Research objectives: 1. To reveal the role of media in shaping public opinion on alcohol control. 2. To analyze the online media activity in publicizing the ban of alcohol advertising. 3. To assess the opinion of media representatives on alcohol control policy in Lithuania. Methods of research. Qualitative research: content analysis and semi-structured interview method. For the qualitative analysis of articles' content are chosen the most visited portals in Lithuania: delfi.lt, 15min.lt, lrytas.lt and outside of the top 20 list of the most visited - bernardinai.lt. The interview survey study included 7 media representatives (chief editors, editors and journalists). Results. Analyzing articles that are published on Lithuanian popular media, there is a noticeable bias – it is represented for alcohol industry, as well as, for advertising customers and media business interests. Information provided in portal, which does not belong to the list of most visited websites, is based on scientists and expressed by their quotations. Interviewing representatives of the media, it was emphasized that it is important to pay attention to the fact that the media is a commercial and non-commercial tool. The expressed opinion is about that commercial tools do not contribute to the problem of alcohol consumption in Lithuania. All of the media representatives agree that alcohol trade insurance is important. Conclusion. Shaping public opinion, attitudes, values the most popular dailies are publicizing citations of the top leaders of the country, well-known politicians. There are disseminated information that more tightening measures to control alcohol, suffer not only business, but also a public - it will increase the fuel price, workers will lose their jobs. Unpopular portal is publishing articles to reflect the real situation in the alcohol. Publicized quotation of experts, scientists. There are emphasizing the importance of the prohibition of alcohol advertising. Respondents welcomes the entry into force of this year's ban on sale of alcohol at petrol stations. But in terms of a ban on alcohol advertising, some of the respondents, don't agree with it.