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SSRN
Working paper
In: Defence studies, Band 3, Heft 3, S. 149-160
ISSN: 1743-9698
It is argued that US military success in Iraq has provided the US with the opportunity to reduce the influence of al Qaeda by exposing weaknesses & deficiencies within the central message of al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. Three central themes in bin Laden's fatwa against the US are identified: (1) the presence of US military forces in Saudi Arabia during the First Gulf War was a violation of Arab groups' responsibilities to one another; (2) the US's economic sanctions are primarily responsible for the suffering of the Iraqi people; & (3) the Palestinian refugees must be permitted to return to their native homeland. The various challenges facing the US in confronting these aspects of bin Laden's fatwa within the Islamic world are subsequently discussed; for example, it is stated that the return of Palestinian refugees provides the most substantial challenge since US-Israel relations are becoming stronger under the George W. Bush administration. It is concluded that the US must seize this opportunity to expose al Qaeda's motives or risk the potential intensification of terrorist activity against the US. J. W. Parker
In: Defence studies, Band 3, Heft 3, S. 149-160
ISSN: 1743-9698
In: Defence studies: journal of military and strategic studies, Band 3, Heft 3, S. 149-160
ISSN: 1470-2436
In: Journal of human rights, Band 2, Heft 1, S. 4-4
ISSN: 1475-4843
In: International politics, Band 43, Heft 3, S. 419-426
ISSN: 1384-5748
Egalitarians have traditionally been suspicious of equality of opportunity, but recently there has been a sea-change in thinking about that concept. Shlomi Segall brings together these developments and offers a new account of 'radical equality of opportunity', which removes all obstacles (to one's opportunity-set) that lie outside one's control.
SSRN
SSRN
In: Lægaard , S 2022 , Equality of Opportunity and Religion . in M Sardoc (ed.) , Handbook of Equality of Opportunity . Springer . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52269-2_1-1
Equality of opportunity is a popular ideal, both for assessing access to specific goods, such as jobs, education, and health, and as a more general principle of distributive justice. This chapter provides an overview of existing discussions of equality of opportunity in relation to religion. Many of these discussions have proceeded under the heading of multiculturalism, where minority religious practices have often been the focus of debate, for example, in a discussion of religious exemptions from generally applicable laws. The focus is on conceptions of equality of opportunity involved in such debates and on possible ways in which religion might raise issues relevant for the understanding of equality of opportunity as a general principle. Distinctions are made between different ways in which religion and equality of opportunity might relate to one another. Religion and equality of opportunity can be viewed as possible obstacles to each other. The chapter provides examples of this but focuses on other types of relations where considerations concerning the status of religion contribute to the understanding of what equality of opportunity requires as an ideal. Religion is then viewed as a distinct class of opportunities, which people should have equal access to, or as a factor affecting what equal access means, for example, because access to some types of opportunities carries special weight. The most prominent positions regarding these debates are presented and linked to debates about the theoretical status of religion in liberal political philosophy. ; Equality of opportunity is a popular ideal, both for assessing access to specific goods, such as jobs, education, and health, and as a more general principle of distributive justice. This chapter provides an overview of existing discussions of equality of opportunity in relation to religion. Many of these discussions have proceeded under the heading of multiculturalism, where minority religious practices have often been the focus of debate, for example, in a discussion of religious exemptions from generally applicable laws. The focus is on conceptions of equality of opportunity involved in such debates and on possible ways in which religion might raise issues relevant for the understanding of equality of opportunity as a general principle. Distinctions are made between different ways in which religion and equality of opportunity might relate to one another. Religion and equality of opportunity can be viewed as possible obstacles to each other. The chapter provides examples of this but focuses on other types of relations where considerations concerning the status of religion contribute to the understanding of what equality of opportunity requires as an ideal. Religion is then viewed as a distinct class of opportunities, which people should have equal access to, or as a factor affecting what equal access means, for example, because access to some types of opportunities carries special weight. The most prominent positions regarding these debates are presented and linked to debates about the theoretical status of religion in liberal political philosophy.
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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Circumstances, Types, and Autonomous Choice -- 3 Justifying the Proposal -- 4 A Formal Definition of Equality of Opportunity -- 5 Incentive Properties of the EOp Mechanism -- 6 Equality of Opportunity with Production -- 7 Equality of Opportunity for Welfare -- 8 Equality of Opportunity for Health -- 9 Education and Advantage -- 10 Equal-Opportunity Unemployment Insurance -- 11 The EOp Distribution of Educational Finance in the United States -- 12 The Scope and Extent of Equal Opportunity -- 13 To What Extent Should We Equalize Opportunities -- 14 Affirmative Action -- 15 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index
SSRN
Working paper
In: Politics, philosophy & economics: ppe, Band 8, Heft 4, S. 374-400
ISSN: 1741-3060
This article introduces the concept of a Moment of Equal Opportunity (MEO): a point in an individual's life at which equal opportunity must be applied and after which it need not. The concept of equal opportunity takes many forms, and not all employ an MEO. However, the more egalitarian a theory of equal opportunity is, the more likely it is to use an MEO. The article discusses various theories of equal opportunity and argues that those that employ an MEO are problematic. Unjust inequalities, those that motivate the use of equal opportunity, occur throughout people's lives and thus go unrectified after an MEO. However, it is not possible to abandon the MEO approach and apply more egalitarian versions of equal opportunity throughout a person's life, since doing so entails problems of epistemology, efficiency, incentives, and counter-intuitive results. The article thus argues that liberal egalitarian theories of equality of opportunity are inconsistent if they support an MEO and unrealizable if they do not.