Suchergebnisse

It is common practice in organizational research to restrict the concept of organization to formal organizations, and to describe the world outside these entities by such other concepts as institutions or networks. It is argued in this article that the concept of organization can be fruitfully broadened to include some aspects of the order that exists outside and among organizations. A broader concept includes not only complete, formal organization, but also 'partial organization'. Both types of organization are based on decisions, but whereas complete organizations have access to all elements of organization, partial organization is based on only one or a few of these elements. Like complete organization, partial organization is a common phenomenon that not least characterizes much of the contemporary global order. The authors discuss how partial organization arises, how and why institutions and networks sometimes become organized, and the consequences of organization for change, transparency and accountability.

In this introduction for undergraduate students, the author surveys the development of the study of organizations from an historical point of view. He studies organizations within the framework of the main schools of thought, looks into the various levels of analysis involved, and considers the influence of the environment on the organization, particularly that of technology and of other organizations.

Attempts to build a bridge between the study of international organizations and the sociology of organizations. Suggest that a number of concepts from the sociology of organizations can be effectively used to illuminate issues in international organizations. Focuses on organizational performance and its determinants in environment, technology, goals and structure. (Abstract amended)