Education is one of the basic ways of shaping security. Its level depends on values, attitudes and messages, people's awareness as well as the skills necessary to prevent and deal with threats. Information activities in the field of counteracting threats should be supported by properly prepared education, especially for children and young people, which plays a special role in shaping safe behaviors and attitudes. Education for security of young people in Poland is an important and comprehensive undertaking involving state authorities, relevant services, organizations and the whole society. There is a conviction that only permanent and broad-based activities involving the whole society can bring the expected results, and thus raise the level of citizens' awareness of security.
This paper discusses Helena Radlinska's (1879-1954) international activity. Helena Radlińska was the initiator of social pedagogy in Poland but her activities abroad in 1918-1939 is not yet known. Her works, their scope, aims and directions were interconnected with the largest european centres of education: International Congress of Moral Education in London, International Office of Education in Geneva, International Leuge of New Socialization in Geneva, Association of International Conferences of Adult Education in England and International Conferences of Social Services in Paris. Her engagement for many years in these organizations led to multiple social and institutional achievements together with scientific, methodological and methodical developments. Along this route the main life achievement in Radlinska's life- the development of a discipline of social pedaogogy, connects the development of individuals with insvestment in social and cultural spehere of life. Radlinska's activity makes Warsaw of her times one of the core places of international cooperation in the field of education, socialisation and social work.
The article describes the results obtained in the research conducted in the form of an analysis of online secondary sources (websites of organizations supporting people with disabilities). The study covers websites of ten major European organizations whose main activity is to help people with disabilities. The research question is: "What topics and issues dominate in the web content created by organizations, and what is overlooked, unnoticed?". The analysis of websites makes it possible to identify five significant thematic categories that dominate the content published by the selected organizations; these categories are - education, legal issues, architectural barriers, financial issues, social activities. In addition, the research makes it possible to diagnose the absence of several critical disability-related topics in the published content. Essential issues omitted on the institutions' websites include adulthood and sexuality of people with disabilities, everyday life of people with disabilities and their families, and individual perspectives of people with disabilities (presentation of topics from the group's point of view, lack of personal viewpoint). According to research result there is also a hierarchy of disabilities in the content published on the websites (e.g., a small number of articles devoted to intellectual disabilities or mental disorders).
The aim of the article is to analyze the consumer movement as a manifestation of civil society in Poland. The consumer movement in Europe was synthesized and the freedom of association in consumer organizations was indicated as an element of civil society. While implementing the undertaken research problem, were used the important for the field of social sciences research methods and techniques. The basic research method used in the article is the method of dogmatic analysis. It was used to analyze the legal acts regulating the discussed issues. The article also uses the comparative method to compare selected aspects of the activities of consumer organizations in Poland. As a result of the research, it was indicated that the idea of civil society in Poland was implemented through the development of the consumer movement and the right of consumers to associate in consumer organizations. The consumer movement in Poland developed much later than in Western European countries – in the 1980s. It was caused by the unpopularity and the minimization of the need for real consumer protection in the face of the realities of the socio-economic system in force in the People's Republic of Poland. After 1989, despite the existence of relevant legal regulations in this area, the existence of a demand for the creation of consumer organizations (due to the need to protect consumers in the field of health, economic interests, redress, information and education), this did not translate into the multiplicity of these entities.
The purpose of the article was to present, with regard to Łódź multinational and multi-religious contexts of the 19th and 20th centuries, the type, course, and meaning of widely understood school celebrations, in which children were the main actors. The intention of the author was to answer the key issue of this study: did children, who rehearsed for school celebrations and events and participated in them, play the role of the subject of the educational process or were they a kind of a tool, i.e. the object of the influence of the school, that is to say its owners (e.g. boards of charitable organizations or municipal or church authorities), education authorities, teachers, or carers. To what extent did the organisation of school events result from rituals of the educational institution concerned and to what extent was the need for this kind of "ceremonies" influenced by the local (social and political) environment? The historical background of the paper is the time before the Great War, the years of 1914-1918, and Poland in the interwar period. Taking the historical and pedagogical aspects referred to above into account, the author tried to present the events with child participants held in institutions run by charitable organisations (the period until 1914); ceremonies related to the promotion of pupils in the first grades of municipal schools to next grades (the years of 1914-1918); and celebrations and ceremonies held in care institutions for girls and boys. The research is based on archive materials, newspaper articles, and historical and current literature. ; The purpose of the work was to present the type, course and meaning of the widely defined school celebrations with children as the main actors in the multinational and multi-religious contexts of Lodz in the 19th and 20th centuries. The author's intention was to provide an answer to the key question of this study: did children prepared for school celebrations and events and participating in them, were the subjects of the education process or rather, were they tool on which the school (e.g. boards of charitable organizations, municipal or church authorities, education authorities, teachers, or carers) exerted its influence. To what extent did the organization of school events result from the establishment's rituals and to what extent was the need for this kind of "ceremonies" affected by the local (social and political) environment? The historical background of the work is the time before the Great War, the years of 1914–1918, and the time of Interwar Poland. Bearing in mind the historical and pedagogical aspects referred to above, the author tried to present events with young participants held in institutions run by charitable organizations (by 1914); ceremonies related to the promotion of students of initial years of municipal schools (1914–1918) and celebrations and ceremonies held in care institutions for girls and boys. The research is based on archive materials, press materials, historical and contemporary literature on the subject.
The main purpose of the article is to present the evolution of legal regulations regarding national minorities in Ukraine, the structure of these minorities and the dynamics of demographic change. The authors analyzed the geographical distribution as well as the political, cultural and educational activity of the most numerous national minorities. They presented the main reasons for the increase or decrease in the size of the largest national groups. The political and legal foundations of minority activities, the specificity of the organization of their educational institutions, national-cultural associations and ethnic parties were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the problematic provisions of the new Education Act (2017), which reduced the status of languages of national minorities in education and led to the deterioration of relations with individual countries with which minorities are associated. The authors discussed the most severe problems in bilateral relations arising from Ukraine's policy towards minorities and some ideas on how to solve them. The main methods of improving nationality policy in contemporary Ukraine were also presented.
The article is a part of the reflections on the meaning of pro-attendance campaigns in the context of the increasing election absence in Poland. The considerations concentrate on the causes of electoral passivity and the steps taken by various entities (on the local, regional, national and international level) to encourage citizens to take part in elections. The period of empirical research includes two previous Polish campaigns preceding the elections to the European Parliament in 2004 and 2009. The theoretical basis of the research is provided by the concept of framing and the theory of rational choice. Special attention is paid to the original elements of communication strategies in the campaigns run by non-governmental organizations, national and international institutions. Additionally, allegations against the politicization of pro-attendance campaigns are discussed. In the light of the research results, the pro-attendance campaign in 2004 was primarily focused on informing potential voters about the voting procedure. Addressed mainly to the younger generation of voters, the campaign from 2009 revealed a qualitative change in the way of approaching and implementing the pro-attendance campaigns (use of the potential of the Internet, organization of actions integrating young voters, civic education combined with entertainment). ; The article is a part of the reflections on the meaning of pro-attendance campaigns in the context of the increasing election absence in Poland. The considerations concentrate on the causes of electoral passivity and the steps taken by various entities (on the local, regional, national and international level) to encourage citizens to take part in elections. The period of empirical research includes two previous Polish campaigns preceding the elections to the European Parliament in 2004 and 2009. The theoretical basis of the research is provided by the concept of framing and the theory of rational choice. Special attention is paid to the original elements of communication strategies in the campaigns run by non-governmental organizations, national and international institutions. Additionally, allegations against the politicization of pro-attendance campaigns are discussed. In the light of the research results, the pro-attendance campaign in 2004 was primarily focused on informing potential voters about the voting procedure. Addressed mainly to the younger generation of voters, the campaign from 2009 revealed a qualitative change in the way of approaching and implementing the pro-attendance campaigns (use of the potential of the Internet, organization of actions integrating young voters, civic education combined with entertainment).
Interviews gathered in this section present multilateral vision of Polish Philology, regarded from various perspectives, that concern both chances and risks that Polish Philology is facing at the moment, traditional and modern approaches as two angles shaping its identity, changes in scientific, didactic and legal organization of studies that have either already become (or will become in the nearest future) its part. Speakers also attempt to indicate the importance of closer cooperation between Polish philologists in Poland and abroad in the process of 'reconstructing' the faculty and discipline. Attention has also been paid to the Congress itself as the speakers attempt to answer the question whether it has reached its goals and which postulate raised during the Congress should be regarded as the most important one. In the interview with Professor Danuta Opacka-Walasek the issue of organizing PhD studies and challenges that those responsible for this level of education face at the moment has been discussed. Professor Włodzimierz Bolecki on the other hand discussed the changed imple-mented by the new Law of Higher Education and its consequences for Polonists.
The article is a part of the reflections on the meaning of pro-attendance campaigns in the context of the increasing election absence in Poland. The considerations concentrate on the causes of electoral passivity and the steps taken by various entities (on the local, regional, national and international level) to encourage citizens to take part in elections. The period of empirical research includes two previous Polish campaigns preceding the elections to the European Parliament in 2004 and 2009. The theoretical basis of the research is provided by the concept of framing and the theory of rational choice. Special attention is paid to the original elements of communication strategies in the campaigns run by non-governmental organizations, national and international institutions. Additionally, allegations against the politicization of pro-attendance campaigns are discussed. In the light of the research results, the pro-attendance campaign in 2004 was primarily focused on informing potential voters about the voting procedure. Addressed mainly to the younger generation of voters, the campaign from 2009 revealed a qualitative change in the way of approaching and implementing the pro-attendance campaigns (use of the potential of the Internet, organization of actions integrating young voters, civic education combined with entertainment).
This publication was created as part of the Human Capital "PIP: The Future of professional Education - local partnership to increase the adaptability of vocational teachers" program at the request of the Regional Labour Office in Bialystok, in the framework of Measure 8.1 Development of employees and enterprises in the region, sub-measure 8.1.3 Strengthening the partnership for local adaptation, co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund. The aim of the project is to develop the end of June 2015 collaboration solutions of local institutions and companies for the modernization of enterprises and vocational schools in the Podlaskie region in terms of forms of work organization, forms of performing work, work-life balance and adaptability of professional teachers threatened with unemployment.
The purpose of the research described in this work was to attempt to show transformations of pre-school education in Łódź after Poland had regained independence in 1918. The research was focused on the issue of organising pre-school education by Łódź local government, when the only institutions for pre-school children in Łódź included social shelters run by charitable organizations, parishes, communities of various denominations, and private individuals. Others issues included the stimuli and circumstances which decided about the organization of the first and the subsequent twelve municipal kindergartens in Łódź. The research was based on source materials kept in the National Archive in Łódź; the analysis included documents collected there (mainly documents of the Department of Education and Culture of the Municipal Board of Łódź). As a result, it was concluded that in 1922 the Board started pedagogical supervision of app. 15 community kindergartens and the inspection of their operation revealed many oversights. That issue became the main reason for action taken by the Łódź local government aimed at opening municipal pre-school institutions. The research has led to the conclusion that the transformations which could be observed in pre-school education after 1918 include, most of all, an attempt to standardize the pedagogical aspects of the operation of community shelters with a various status and to increase the level of education through regular supervision and methodological improvement, as well as starting a network of kindergartens in the city by opening the first municipal kindergarten in 1924. ; Celem badań w niniejszym szkicu była próba ukazania przeobrażeń w dziedzinie wychowania przedszkolnego w Łodzi po odzyskaniu niepodległości w 1918 r. Problem badawczy stanowiła kwestia organizowania edukacji przedszkolnej przez łódzki samorząd, kiedy jedynymi placówkami dla dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym w mieście były ochronki społeczne, prowadzone przez organizacje filantropijne, parafie i społeczności różnych wyznań oraz osoby prywatne. Innym zagadnieniem było to, jakie impulsy i okoliczności zadecydowały o zorganizowaniu pierwszej i 12 kolejnych miejskich placówek przedszkolnych w Łodzi. W poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi sięgnięto do materiału źródłowego stanowiącego zasób Archiwum Państwowego w Łodzi, poddając analizie badawczej zgromadzone tam dokumenty (głównie Wydziału Oświaty i Kultury Zarządu m. Łodzi). W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że w roku 1922 zarząd miejski objął nadzorem pedagogicznym około 15 społecznych placówek przedszkolnych, ale kontrole ich pracy wychowawczej wykazywały wiele uchybień. Ta kwestia stała się głównym impulsem do podjęcia przez łódzki samorząd działań ukierunkowanych na zakładanie własnych instytucji wychowania przedszkolnego. Wniosek z badań: przeobrażenia, jakie można odnotować w obszarze edukacji przedszkolnej po 1918 r., to przede wszystkim próba ujednolicenia działalności pedagogicznej ochronek społecznych o różnym statusie, podniesienie poziomu pracy wychowawczej przez systematyczny nadzór i doskonalenie metodyczne oraz zapoczątkowanie – poprzez powołanie w 1924 r. pierwszego miejskiego przedszkola – sieci placówek przedszkolnych w mieście.
In democratic countries, advocacy organizations and other organized interest groups play an important role in the process of creating public policies and as a consequence, they influence the final shape of the implemented development models. The inclusive decision-making process enables interest groups to fulfill a variety of functions. Interest groups are very important legitimation channel, they provide expert knowledge, and also they are major channel through which citizens can express their opinions to the decision-makers. Through their activities, advocacy organizations may influence specific policies as well as the overall direction of the evolution of the development model. This paper describes and explains the Europeanization process and its pressure on interest groups in Central and Easter Europe, also answering the question to what extent the Europeanization process enables interest groups to access the political process at the state level. Article relies on data from a large-scale survey of organised interests operating in four CEE countries (Poland, Hungary, Slovenia and Czech Republic) in three policy sectors i.e. health care, higher education and energy policy. Based on the collected data, a linear regression analysis was performed.
The paper outlines socio-historical factors that led to the emergence of a new trend in doing research on disability issue – Disability Studies and the dissemination of a social definition of disability, on which the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is based. The main part of the text provides a critical analysis of the implementation process of article 24 CRPD at Polish universities with regard to relevant regulatory acts and using reasonable accommodations. Next, statistical data on students and PhD candidates with disabilities are presented. The main conclusions from thematic reports by the Polish Commissioner for Human Rights and by the disabled persons organizations are also presented. In the last part, the disability issue is discussed in the context of creating the Law on Higher Education 2.0 with the case study of amendment no. 47.