Suchergebnisse

"Paradiplomacy" published on by Oxford University Press.

Immer mehr Regionen pflegen seit den letzten Jahrzehnten internationale Beziehungen und können großen Einfluss auf politische Entscheidungen haben - national und supranational. So konnte beispielsweise die belgische Region Wallonien 2016 die Unterzeichnung des Freihandelsabkommens CETA zwischen der Europäischen Union und Kanada hinauszögern. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Regionen ist oft höher als das eines Staates insgesamt und übersteigt in manchen Fällen sogar jenes einiger G20-Staaten. Dennoch wurde die Paradiplomatie, die Diplomatie zwischen Regionen, in der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung im Feld der internationalen Beziehungen bisher wenig thematisiert. Schiavon richtet in seinem Buch den Blick auf Ursachen der steigenden internationalen Aktivitäten auf regionaler Ebene und Auswirkungen der Paradiplomatie auf Regionen und stellt diese in den Kontext der nationalen Außenpolitik. Auf welche Art und auf welchen Ebenen findet Paradiplomatie statt und warum gibt es gravierende Unterschiede zwischen Regionen weltweit? Um paradiplomatische Aktivitäten zu untersuchen, greift Schiavon Fallbeispiele von Regionen auf der ganzen Welt auf. Diese unterscheiden sich stark in ihrer wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und dem Demokratisierungsgrad. Ein besonderes Augenmerk legt er dabei auf Mexiko, wo die subnationale Diplomatie schleppender als in anderen konsolidierten Demokratien fortschreitet. (ifa)

Since the mid-1990s, state governments within India's federal system have taken a greater interest in foreign relations. They have sought indirect influence by lobbying the central government to take account of their preferences and direct influence by seeking investment and making links with international organizations and other national and subnational governments. This article considers how chief ministers engage in parallel diplomacy noting how they draw on regional cultural resources and make connections with a regionally defined diaspora. The article finds that some chief ministers have embraced the role of "chief diplomat," while others take a more discreet approach to international activity. Comparing the cases of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu reveals the political logic for expanding, de-emphasizing, or avoiding international engagement.

This article contributes to the analysis of the current situation of cross‐border cooperation in Latin America. It explores an approach based on four components: (1) the development of an infrastructure project, (2) a high‐level political agreement, (3) the institutionalization of a framework to regulate the relationship between local authorities, and (4) other institutional arrangements focused on the participation of civil society in border areas. It also investigates the contribution of paradiplomacy to strengthening the endogenous capacity of border authorities.

This study deals with the phenomenon of paradiplomacy, or parallel diplomacy. Paradiplomacy refers to international activities of cities and regions and includes marketing and public diplomacy, cross-border cooperation, functional trans-border cooperation, cultural and educational cooperation, and other activities. Paradiplomacy developed in the last third of the 20th century as a result of economic globalization, state decentralization, nationalism and the strengthening of regional identity, European integration, and the internationalization of cultural, educational, environmental, transport and other topics labelled as "low politics". Thus, we can identify both economic and political foundations of paradiplomacy. The first part of the study presents a review of literature on paradiplomacy; the second part is a case study of foreign policy instituted by the City of Prague in the electoral term 2006–2010. This case study confirmed initial hypotheses: first, that paradiplomacy is influenced by three supra-national factors: economic globalization (a), regional and global political and economic regimes (b), and transnational networks, mainly based in the EU (c); second, that paradiplomacy is influenced by institutional and constitutional relations between the centre and regions; third, that paradiplomacy is influenced by the antagonistic nature of these relations.

The article presents the results of the research conducted by the author within the framework of the National Science Centre action MINIATURA 4. This was a pilot project aiming to yield a preliminary diagnosis and suggest directions of development for the cooperation between local government units and the central government in the field of paradiplomacy. As part of the study, 11 interviews were conducted with the representatives of the milieus responsible for Polish paradiplomacy: local government officials, civil servants and experts. The results of the preliminary research indicate that approached as an instrument of foreign policy, Polish local diplomacy is experiencing a severe crisis. In order to overcome it, one should consider a model of Polish paradiplomacy that respects the interests of either side, namely the central and the local government.

Objective: to determine the factors that have contributed to the expansion in the international activities of the subnational actors and to identify the issues that prevail in the relations between the Canadian provinces and the subnational states of North America. Likewise, to identify the strategies and mechanisms that favor the relationships between these subnational governments.
Methodology: the qualitative methodological strategy comprises of two dimensions: the first focuses on the factors which explain these dynamics and on the conceptual revision to refer to the transnational activities of subnational governments in North America, in particular the paradiplomacy. The second one examines official information, reports and publications from national and subnational governments in the region. Subsequently, the international activities of these governments were examined to determine their nature, characteristics and objectives.
Results: it was highlighted that the international activities of subnational governments are linked to economic development and to issues such as the environment, natural resources, sustainable development, security, culture, education, science and technology. They are carried out through institutional deliberation and decision-making forums, international offices and cooperation agreements.
Conclusions: subnational governments contribute to the governance of North America, through the formulation of regional public policies to face common challenges. The agreements are limited in the areas of jurisdiction of the subnational governments and, at the same time, they show/disclose a certain degree of autonomy with respect to the central government.