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Arms control diplomacy as a central factor in superpower relations is not a new phenomenon. In this book, Christopher Hall traces the rise and fall of a previous arms limitation effort, the naval treaties of the interwar years, which successfully controlled competition in the strategic weapons of that era - the battleships and other vessels of the British, American and other 'great power' navies. He shows the problems and their solutions - many of relevance today - which made the treaties possible, and their major role in the peaceful transfer of leadership of the west from the British Empire to the United States

The United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea produced a Convention in 1982 through which maritime regionalization is to be peacefully organized. However, jurisdictional application of the Law of the Sea has not been easy. In this book the basic problems of regionalization are concisely described in relation to each area regime and the regulations of the new Law of the Sea. The development of maritime law in the Pacific region is summarized and the economic significance of these sea-areas is also clearly stated

The Antarctic Treaty regime is a uniquely successful legal system which preserves Antarctica for peaceful purposes and guarantees freedom of scientific research. This volume based on an international conference, examines the legal, political and environmental issues that it raises. After setting the scene of the Antarctic environment, the early chapters discuss the legal issues involved in the Treaty. Later chapters consider protection of the marine environment and the regulation of mineral exploitation. The book concludes with a discussion of Antarctica and its development

This book investigates technology's potential for stimulating and strengthening approaches that can lead to the peaceful solution of international conflicts. It discusses the causes of war; the political and social implications of neighbourhood and international involvement, and evaluates various aid programmes. Models are applied to methods of mediation and simulating power distribution and decision making to show how modern technology can be used to promote resolution in the event of conflict.

Antarctic Treaty System An Assessment -- Copyright -- Contents -- OVERVIEW -- 1. Workshop on the Antarctic Treaty System: Overview -- TRENDS IN DEBATE AT THE WORKSHOP -- IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS PUT FORWARD -- THE ANTARCTIC SETTING -- NOTES -- References -- INTRODUCTION -- 2. Antarctica Prior to the Antarctic Treaty-A Historical Perspective -- EARLY NOTIONS -- THE ROUTES OPEN -- REDUCTION TO SIZE -- EXPLOITATION-THE SEALS -- SCIENCE AND NATIONAL INTERESTS -- BECAUSE IT IS THERE -- EXPLOITATION-THE WHALES -- THE MODERN ERA -- THE INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR, 1957-1958 -- References -- 3. Juridical Nature of the 1959 Treaty System -- PEACEFUL USE -- SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION -- INSPECTION -- CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- ADDITIONAL CONVENTIONS -- LEGAL AND POLITICAL BACKGROUND -- 4. Antarctica Prior to the Antarctic Treaty: A Political and Legal Perspective -- Bibliography -- 5. Antarctic Conflict and International Cooperation -- THE EARLY TRENDS TOWARD ANTARCTIC CONFLICT -- LOCALIZED TERRITORIAL DISPUTES -- GENERALIZED TERRITORIAL DISPUTES AND INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS -- STRATEGIC USES AND DISPUTES IN ANTARCTICA -- MAJOR-POWER RIVALRY IN ANTARCTICA -- THE ANTARCTIC TREATY: COOPERATION AS A FACTOR OF STABILIZATION -- NOTES -- 6. The Antarctic Treaty as a Conflict Resolution Mechanism -- NOTES -- 7. Panel Discussion on the Legal and Political Background of the Antarctic Treaty -- SUMMARY -- REMARKS BY RUDIGER WOLFRUM -- REMARKS BY FELIPE MACEDO DE SOARES GUIMARAES -- DISCUSSION -- Consensus -- Nonconsultative Parties to the Antarctic Treaty -- Minerals Regime Negotiations -- Compliance with the Antarctic Treaty System -- ANTARCTIC SCIENCE -- 8. Summary of Science in Antarctica Prior to and Including the International Geophysical Year -- Bibliography.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: Europe - Détente - CSCE 1975-1985 -- 2 The CSCE Process and European Security -- 3 Structure and Regime in European Security -- 4 Models of Peaceful Change and the Future of the European Security System -- 5 SDI and European Security: Does Dependence Assure Security? -- 6 Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Confidence-Building Measures -- 7 Global Perspectives of European Security -- 8 The Political Role of the European Community in the CSCE -- 9 The CSCE as a Forum: How to Increase the Efficiency of Decision-Making -- 10 Finland's Activity in the CSCE -- 11 Documentation -- The Contributors -- Index.

Cover -- Africa in World Politics -- Contents -- List of Tables and Maps -- Notes on the Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: Africa in World Politics - Changing Perspectives -- Part I Africa And The International Economy -- 2 Security Redefined: Unconventional Conflict in Africa -- 3 Africa and the International Economic System: Dependency or Self-reliance? -- 4 Brandt, Lomé and Africa's Economies: The Limitations of Systemic Elixirs -- Part II Africa's International Organisations -- 5 The Organisation of African Unity as an Instrument of Africa's Foreign Policy -- 6 The Commonwealth and Africa -- 7 Two Summits: Vittel and New Delhi - Francophonie in the Shadow of Anglophonie -- Part III Development And Change -- 8 Women and Politics in Africa: Old Failures and New Directions -- 9 Social Change and Political Instability: The Search for an African Philosophy -- 10 Zimbabwe: Towards Socialism and Non-alignment -- Part IV Development And Change -- 11 Post-colonial Africa: A Diplomatic Malaise -- 12 Chad: Nation-building, Security and OAU Peacekeeping -- 13 The War in the Western Sahara: Unity and Dissension in the Maghreb -- 14 The Return of Israel to Africa: Israel-Africa Relations in the 1980s -- 15 15 South Africa: Developments in National and Regional(In)Security -- Select Bibliography -- Index.

This book is about the impact of war on the Soviet system of economic planning and management between 1938 and 1945. What was the dynamic of change in the prewar Soviet economic system? How well was the Soviet economy prepared for war? What kind of war followed the German invasion of 1941, and what costs did it inflict on the Soviet Union? How did the Soviet economy measure up to wartime requirements, and what changes in economic organisation resulted? What lessons were laid down for the postwar Soviet approach to both peaceful and warlike tasks?

The apparently accelerating arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union and the precarious political conditions existing in many parts of the world have given rise to new anxiety about the possibility of military confrontation between the superpowers. Despite the fateful nature of the risk, we have little knowledge, as Jack S. Levy has pointed out, "of the conditions, processes, and events which might combine to generate such a calamity." No empirically confirmed theory of the causes of war exists, and the hypotheses -- often contradictory -- that have been proposed remain untested. As a step toward the formulation of a theory of the causes of war that can be tested against historical experience, Levy has developed a unique data base that will serve as an invaluable resource for students of international conflict in coming years. War in the Modern Great Power System provides a much-needed perspective on the major wars of the past. In this thorough and systematic study, Levy carefully defines the Great Power concept and identifies the Great Powers and their international wars since the late fifteenth century. The resulting compilation of war data is unique because of its five-century span and its focus on a well-defined set of Great Powers. Turning to a quantitative analysis of the characteristics, patterns, and trends in war, Levy demonstrates that although wars between the Great Powers have become increasingly serious in every respect but duration over the last five hundred years, their frequency has diminished. He rejects the popular view that the twentieth century has been the most warlike on record, and he demonstrates that it instead constitutes a return to the historical norm after the exceptionally peaceful nineteenth century. Applying his data to the question whether war is "contagious," he finds that the likelihood of war is indeed highest when another war is under way, but that this contagious effect disappears after the first war is over. Contrary to the popular "war-weariness" theory, he finds no evidence that war generates an aversion to subsequent war. This study, extending the scientific analysis of war back over five centuries of international history, constitutes a major contribution to our knowledge of international conflict

This book traces the origins and early development of what are today loosely termed Britain's Overseas Information Services. It examines how, at the end of the First World War, the British government came to forfeit the considerable lead it had established in propaganda since 1914, and the reasons why it had gradually to re-enter the field during the inter-war years as a direct response to totalitarianism. It surveys the pioneering work of the Foreign Office News Department and its important press office, the commercial propaganda conducted by the Empire Marketing Board and the Travel Association, the foundation and rapid peacetime growth of the British Council to conduct 'cultural diplomacy', and the beginning of the BBC's World Service with the inauguration of foreign-language broadcasts in 1938

Different models of strategy and procedure for change in South Africa / A. du Toit -- The new constitutional proposals and the possible transition to consociational democracy / L.J. Boulle -- A constitutional alternative for South Africa (Inkatha) / Gibson Thula -- Lessons from Rhodesia for constitutional change in South Africa / William J. Foltz -- The role of a free enterprise economy in combating social/political/economic inequality in South Africa / M.C. O'Dowd -- The political economy of change / Stanley B. Greenberg -- Redistribution issues and policies in the South African economy / S.F. Archer -- What does removal of race discrimination effectively mean in the South African context? / Michael Savage -- Security legislation and peaceful change in South Africa / A.S. Mathews -- An effective alternative housing policy for South Africa / Gavin Maasdorp -- Education and consociational conflict regulation in plural societies / Theodor Hanf

During the eighteenth century European governments began systematically using an international credit structure whose centre was the Amsterdam capital market. This book reconstructs that system and surveys its principal effects on the European and especially the Dutch economies. Eighteenth-century states borrowed chiefly to finance wars and, increasingly toward the century's end, debts from earlier wars. Military and naval spending and debt service together consumed up to eighty percent of peacetime revenues and more in war. Borrowing on international markets stabilised previously disruptive deficit financing techniques and moderated the economic consequences of sharply irregular war spending. This development however, eased the problems of war-making more than it developed national economies or enhanced prosperity. The Dutch, heretofore seen as having squandered the advantage of cheap credit, actually faced the difficult problem of finding productive uses for their savings at satisfactory returns

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- PART I: PRELUDE -- 1 Trial and Error, 1914-45 -- 2 The Wartime Experience -- PART II: ENDING THE WAR -- 3 Relief, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction -- 4 Peacemaking -- PART III: THE TRIANGLE REORDERED -- 5 The Commonwealth, 1944-7 -- 6 North America -- 7 The Atomic Triad -- PART IV: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS -- 8 Drafting the Charter -- 9 Economic and Social Functions -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M

Section 1: Sexual Differentiation and Dimorphism -- Sexual Differentiation in the Human Male and Female: Science, Strategies and Politics -- Sexual Dimorphism in Erotic Function: a Psychosocial Approach -- Hormone Dependent Differentiation, Maturation and Function of the Brain and Sexual Behavior -- Sexual Identity and Eroticism -- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Erotic Component of Gender Identity in Nine Women -- Pair-Bonding Experience of 26 Early Treated Adrenogenital Females Aged 17–27 -- Erotic Imagery and Male/Female Discordance in Hermaphroditic Siblings -- Postpubertal Psychosexual Function in Males with Hypopituitarism -- The Transvestite/Transsexual: Gender-Identity Continuum and Transposition -- Voice Therapy with a Transsexual -- Effects of Prenatal Hormone Treatment on Mental Abilities -- Section 2: Sexual Dysfunction -- Etiology -- Sexual Functioning Reconsidered -- Male Erectile Impotence -- The Effects of Depression on Sexual Behavior: Preliminary Results of Research -- Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Neurological Disorders -- Therapy -- Overview -- Effectiveness of Sex Therapy -- Research -- Comparative Studies of Short-Term Treatment Methods for Sexual Inadequacies -- Stimulation Therapy for Sexual Dysfunction -- The Effect of Sexual Fantasy Frequencies on the Outcome of Short-Term Treatment Program for Sexual Inadequacy in Heterosexual Couples -- Vaginismus -- Retarded Ejaculation and Treatment -- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate as an Antiandrogen for the Rehabilitation of Sex Offenders -- Techniques -- The Use of Audio-Visual Materials in Therapy -- The Erotic-Bodily Contact Approach in Sexology -- Microphallus: The Successful Use of a Prosthetic Phallus in a Nine-Year-Old Boy -- Biological Aspects of Sexual Function -- Pliable Penile Prostheses in Treatment of Organic Impotence -- Certification for Sex Therapists -- Section 3: Sexual Response and Fantasy -- Role of Fantasy in Pair-Bonding and Erotic Performance -- Erotic Imagery in Women -- Sexual Behavior in Elderly Danish Males -- Reproductive Hormone Levels and Sexual Behaviors of Young Couples During the Menstrual Cycle -- Finger Temperature as a Measure of Sexual Arousal in Males and Females -- Multiple Orgasm in Males -- Patterns of Sexual Responsiveness during the Menstrual Cycle -- Human Vaginal Fluid, pH, Urea, Potassium and Potential Difference during Sexual Excitement -- Sexual Chemistry in Monkeys: The Effect of Vaginal Secretions on Male Sexuality -- Section 4: Fertility, Infertility, Contraception -- Orgasm and Fertility -- Ovulation Induction -- Infertility in the Unwed -- The Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Sexual Behavior -- Possible Effects of Vasectomy on Sexual Function -- Factors Affecting the Use of Contraception in the Nonmarital Context -- Attitudes of Nurses to Premarital Sex and Their Contraceptive Role Orientation -- Unmarried Youth and Actual Accessibility to Oral Contraceptives and Condoms -- Section 5: Anthropological and Sociological Studies -- Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Aspects of Human Affectional Development -- Sex Attitudes and Practices in Two Language Groups in South Africa -- Results of the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test of Medical Students in Israel -- Youth, Sexuality and Politics -- Psychosexual Material in the Stories Told by Children: The Fucker -- Prostitution as an Ecology of Confidence Games: The Scripted Behavior of Prostitutes and Vice Officers -- Sexual Scripts -- Section 6: Sex Education -- Sex Education and the Structure of Moral Judgment: Effectiveness of a Form of Sex Education Based on the Development of Formal Structures of Value Judgment -- Sexual Attitude Reassessment: The Workshop Participant and Attitude Change -- Evaluating a Short-Term Sex Information Program -- History, Objectives, Content of the Sexology Program at Université du Québec à Montréal -- Section 7: Sexology in Three Countries — an Overview -- Sex Education in Mexico -- Current Status of Sex Research and Sex Education in Japan -- Socio-Political Problems of Sexology as a Developing Field in Italy -- Section 8: Conclusion -- Human Sexuality — Battleground or Peaceground? -- List of Contributors.

Consider the state of economic theory even as late as on the eve of the Second World War. By and large, itwas the domain of peaceful-looking geometrical curves, representing either indifference surfaces ortechnical transformation possibilities; first- or second-order derivatives of the tricks of calculus contributedtheir mite, and occasional footnotes acted as conductors of esoteric knowledge. In the lecture rooms,marginalism and perfect competition held sway. Since both Joan Robinson and E.H.Chamberlin had alreadyproduced their tracts, it would have been singular bad manners not to set aside