Personal Contacts With Sir Joseph Rotblat
In: Joseph Rotblat: Visionary for Peace, S. 183-188
In: Joseph Rotblat: Visionary for Peace, S. 183-188
In: Knappert , L J , Van Dijk , H , Yuan , S , van Prooijen , J-W , Engel , Y & Krouwel , A 2020 , ' Personal contact with refugees is key to welcoming them: An analysis of politicians' and citizens' attitudes towards refugee integration ' , Political Psychology , vol. 42 , no. 3 , pp. 423-442 . https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12705
Politicians are influential both in directing policies about refugees and in framing public discourse about them. However, unlike other host country residents, politicians' attitudes towards refugees and integration are remarkably understudied. We therefore examine similarities and differences between politicians' attitudes towards refugee integration and those held by citizens. Based on the Stereotype Content Model, we expect that political ideology informs stereotypes about refugees, which subsequently shape attitudes towards refugee integration. Based on the Contact Hypothesis, we further argue that personal contact with refugees reduces negative stereotypes about them – in particular for those endorsing a right-wing ideology. We draw on data collected via two surveys with 905 politicians and 8,013 citizens in The Netherlands, to show that (1) residents (i.e., politicians and citizens) who hold a right-wing orientation hold more negative stereotypes about refugees than those with a left-wing orientation, which in turn relate to more negative attitudes towards refugee integration; (2) personal contact with refugees reduces negative stereotypes among residents; and (3) politicians, compared to citizens, reported overall less negative stereotypes and more positive attitudes towards refugee integration. The practical implication of fostering residents' contact with refugees as well as the implications for future research on politicians' stereotypes and integration attitudes are discussed.
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In: Knappert , L , van Dijk , H , Yuan , S , Engel , Y , van Prooijen , J-W & Krouwel , A 2021 , ' Personal contact with refugees is key to welcoming them : An analysis of politicians' and citizens' attitudes towards refugee integration ' , Political Psychology , vol. 42 , no. 3 , pp. 423-442 . https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12705
Politicians are influential both in directing policies about refugees and in framing public discourse about them. However, unlike other host country residents, politicians' attitudes towards refugees and integration are remarkably understudied. We therefore examine similarities and differences between politicians' attitudes towards refugee integration and those held by citizens. Based on the stereotype content model, we expect that political ideology informs stereotypes about refugees, which subsequently shape attitudes towards refugee integration. Based on the Contact Hypothesis, we further argue that personal contact with refugees reduces negative stereotypes about them—in particular for those endorsing a right‐wing ideology. We draw on data collected via two surveys with 905 politicians and 8013 citizens in the Netherlands to show that (1) unlike those with a left‐wing orientation, residents (i.e., both politicians and citizens) with a right‐wing orientation hold more negative stereotypes about refugees, which in turn relate to more negative attitudes towards refugee integration; (2) personal contact with refugees is associated with less negative stereotypes among residents; and (3) politicians, compared to citizens, report less negative stereotypes and more positive attitudes towards refugee integration. The practical implication of fostering residents' contact with refugees as well as the implications for future research are discussed.
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В статье рассматриваются взаимоотношения между У. Черчиллем и И. Сталиным на основе опубликованной переписки; выделяются этапы, характеризуются их особенности и обсуждаемые в переписке вопросы. Анализируются лексические, стилистические и грамматические средства, использованные сторонами при написании посланий. Анализируется значимость личных взаимоотношений лидеров для развития отношений двух стран с различной историко-культурной традицией в период кризиса. = The article discusses the relationship between W. Churchill and J. Stalin based on the published correspondence; author formulate periods, characterize their particularities and discussed issues. Moreover author analyze lexical, grammar and stylistic tools used in the creation of the messages. In the article author assess the meaning of the personal relations between country political leaders, who came from different cultural and historical background, in the situation of the crisis.
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Containing the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the use of personal information without the consent of the person. The protection of personal information is fundamental to the rights that ensure an open and democratic society. When regulations that limit the right to privacy are issued outside of the democratic process, every effort must be made to protect personal information and privacy. The limitation of human rights must be treated as an exception to the norm, and any regulations should be drafted to ensure minimum limitation of rights, rather than to the minimum acceptable standard. The contact tracing regulations included in the COVID-19 disaster regulations include some basic principles to ensure privacy; however, other important principles are not addressed. These include principles of transparency and data security. The envisaged future use of human data for research purposes, albeit de-identified, needs to be addressed by the COVID-19 designated judge appointed under the regulations. ; The joint Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation Doctoral Innovation Scholarship, the SA Medical Research Council (Flagship and Extramural Unit awards) and the University of Pretoria (through the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine). ; http://www.sajbl.org.za ; am2021 ; Immunology
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To explain which politicians make it into the news, this study considers the influence of the personal interactions between political journalists and politicians. While theoretically plausible, there is little empirical evidence that the personal interactions between reporters and politicians are associated with news content. This study draws on a survey of political journalists combined with a content analysis of their newspaper articles to analyze how personal interactions with politicians and the background characteristics of journalists relate to their news-making. Overall, it is found that journalists report more often and more positively about politicians they have personal contact with and about those politicians who hold similar political views. Hence, personal interactions with journalists can be useful for politicians to attract (positive) media coverage.
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In Cross River State, South-eastern Nigeria, languages incorporate a number of loanwords as personal names as a result of increasing contact with other languages and cultures. Such words are, therefore, borrowed wholesale or adapted phonologically into the onomasticon of the recipient languages, thus gaining wideranging acceptance, currency and usage. This paper examines the phenomenon of language contact and naming in three linguistic communities along the Cross River Basin – Agwagune, Ejagham and Lokaa – in relation to Efik, a dominant language and culture, which itself is in constant contact with English. The paper seeks to show the intricate interrelationship and direction of influence between personal names in the donor and recipient languages, taking into account ethnic hierarchies, and social formations that are found in the context where personal names are given and used. The study relied on Thomason and Kauffman's (1988) integrated theory of language contact as its theoretical plank, which maintains that there is a strong tendency for speakers of less powerful languages to borrow from the economically and politically powerful languages to enhance their internal resourcefulness. Since names are lexical items in a language, they are not immune to this contact influence. Audio-video data and text materials were elicited from sampled respondents who were contact names bearers and their community members through an ethnographic qualitative approach. The paper concludes with the claim that the interplay of forces like trade, religion and other socio-cultural factors are the main vectors of name borrowing, which are social praxis for negotiating cultural boundaries and relationships as well as indexing the notion of power, personhood and sociocentrism, given the effect of contact. The paper, therefore, sheds some light on ethnic mechanisms of shared social behaviour signalled by shared personal names, as it attempts to understand local settings in greater depth.
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This study examines whether negative contact with immigrants promotes voting for radical right‐wing parties, to what extent this relationship can be explained by feelings of outgroup threat, and whether this relationship depends on perceived personal and collective self‐efficacy. Hypotheses were tested among 630 native Dutch respondents, mainly living in multicultural neighborhoods. The results show that negative contact with immigrants is associated with feelings of personal (egocentric) and group (sociotropic) threat, and both these feelings, in turn, are associated with radical right‐wing voting. However, negative intergroup contact is less strongly related to egocentric threat when individuals feel able to personally address negative situations with other people (personal self‐efficacy). Furthermore, the findings suggest that negative intergroup contact is less strongly related to sociotropic threat when individuals believe that people in their neighborhood are able to collectively address some negative situations (collective self‐efficacy).
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Countries responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with various levels of restrictions and lockdown in an effort to save lives and prevent the saturation and collapse of national health systems. Unfortunately, the blockades have entailed hefty socioeconomic costs. In order to contrast the spread of the virus, states have used contact tracing technology, in the form of mobile phone applications designed to track close contacts of those infected with COVID-19. Recent research has shown the effectiveness of this solution, particularly when used in conjunction with manual tracking. Nonetheless, the contact tracing app raises concerns due to the potential privacy implications. The authors have delved into the European legislation that protects privacy through the principles of proportionality and minimization, arguing that in order to quickly resolve the pandemic caused by COVID-19, one cannot blindly trust the exclusive help of technology. Instead, we need the involvement of health personnel, scientists, and no less importantly, the citizenry's sense of solidarity and the duty to abide by the rules of social distancing, the use of protective devices and hygiene rules to protect public health.
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This article aims to review the application of the principle of personal data protection as part of privacy rights in the PeduliLindungi application considering that on the one hand, the PeduliLindungi application helps the government to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. But on the other hand, there is a threat of misuse of personal data in the future. This background article is based on the use of the PeduliLindungi application, which was initially used to track the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. But it seems that the public will increasingly use its use in the future, especially now that it has begun to be planned as an e-wallet and started integrating with several other applications. This article reveals that there has been a dual role by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics as a supervisor and controller of personal data in Indonesia so that it has implications for the PeduliLindungi application that has not fully applied the principles of personal data protection when collecting, processing, and storing personal data. For the future, a comprehensive legal development drive is needed related to the protection of personal data. There is a personal data protection agency and Data Protection Officer (DPO) to more strongly enforce the principles of personal data protection.
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This article aims to review the application of the principle of personal data protection as part of privacy rights in the PeduliLindungi application considering that on the one hand, the PeduliLindungi application helps the government to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. But on the other hand, there is a threat of misuse of personal data in the future. This background article is based on the use of the PeduliLindungi application, which was initially used to track the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. But it seems that the public will increasingly use its use in the future, especially now that it has begun to be planned as an e-wallet and started integrating with several other applications. This article reveals that there has been a dual role by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics as a supervisor and controller of personal data in Indonesia so that it has implications for the PeduliLindungi application that has not fully applied the principles of personal data protection when collecting, processing, and storing personal data. For the future, a comprehensive legal development drive is needed related to the protection of personal data. There is a personal data protection agency and Data Protection Officer (DPO) to more strongly enforce the principles of personal data protection.
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Significant theories of democratic accountability hinge on how political campaigns affect Americans' candidate choices. We argue that the best estimate of the effects of campaign contact and advertising on Americans' candidates choices in general elections is zero. First, a systematic meta-analysis of 40 field experiments estimates an average effect of zero in general elections. Second, we present nine original field experiments that increase the statistical evidence in the literature about the persuasive effects of personal contact tenfold. These experiments' average effect is also zero. In both existing and our original experiments, persuasive effects only appear to emerge in two rare circumstances. First, when candidates take unusually unpopular positions and campaigns invest unusually heavily in identifying persuadable voters. Second, when campaigns contact voters long before election day and measure effects immediately-although this early persuasion decays. These findings contribute to ongoing debates about how political elites influence citizens' judgments.
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In: Linking Environment, Democracy and Gender; Research in Political Sociology, S. 137-154
Climate change, pandemics, people searching for refuge from war and declining natural resources; the challenges within a globalized world cannot be solved without the cooperation between people from all over the world. This includes political cooperation, as well as grassroot movements working towards a sustainable and more equal society, and individuals changing the own consumer behavior or lifestyle. Unfortunately, both national and personal interests often conflict with behaviors and measures that would be necessary to mitigate crises. How to overcome those barriers to global responsible behavior? For almost seven decades, psychologists have shown that intergroup contact reduces prejudice against people from other groups. In the context of global environmental and social problems, we propose that contact has potential beyond that. We posit that international contact facilitates identification with the global ingroup of humanity and in turn induces globally responsible behavioral intentions and behaviors. In two manuscripts we present experimental as well as correlational evidence from nine studies (N=2147) supporting the "global contact" hypothesis. Both experimental induced contact (in six studies by the use of a simulated internet chat) and self-reported international contacts led to higher identification and solidarity with humanity compared to different control groups. Global identification and solidarity in turn, were related to higher global responsible attitudes and intentions. Those participants who had simulated contact with distant cultures reported a significantly higher level of identification with humanity compared to participants with close contacts. Climate change, people fleeing from war and poverty, pandemics – the challenges for the international community are enormous. However, the results of this dissertation suggest that this community also has the potential to face such crises. The promotion of positive contacts with people from other parts of the world can foster identities and engagement beyond national borders and interests. 'Know few, care for all.:Table of Contents 1 - Introduction 2 - Method Procedure The chat paradigm Contact condition Control conditions Imagined contact design Manipulations for additional research questions The questionnaire 3 - Get together, feel together, act together: International personal contact increases identification with humanity and global collective action Abstract Introduction International contact Processes underlying intergroup contact effects Contact and collective action The superordinate identity of humanity The model and preliminary results Study 1 Methods Results and discussion Study 2 Methods Results Discussion Empirical findings Study designs Advantages of contact interventions Superordinate categories Status groups Conclusion 4 – Know few, care for all. Does international contact increase global identification and responsible global action? Abstract Introduction Intergroup contact Contact and Pro-social action Generalization and recategorization Levels of identification The Present Research Overview of the Studies Method Procedure and measures Results Meta-Analysis Testing the salience of exclusive common ingroups and contact group similarity as moderators General Discussion The recategorization hypothesis Influence of lower level categories Conclusion 5 - Discussion Theoretical impulse Application in the field Conclusion and appeal Supplemental material Supplemental Material to Chapter 3 Supplemental Material to Chapter 4 References Appendix
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Contact tracing, quarantine and isolation are core communicable disease control measures used by public health departments as part of a comprehensive case ascertainment and management strategy. These are practices with historic roots enabled by state laws and policies, and have been used by other countries to slow and stop the spread of COVID-19. To date, their implementation as part of U.S. response efforts at the national, state, and local levels has been confounded by the scale of the COVID-19 outbreak; lack of a systemic infectious disease response; insufficient and fragmented funding streams; low levels of public accountability; and concerns about the impact of such efforts on individual privacy, liberty, and travel rights, as well as the financial and personal costs that may arise out of a positive diagnosis. Recommendations have been offered by expert groups on both the scaling up of contact tracing and ensuring ethical implementation of such measures. One state has passed legislation establishing an oversight framework for state contact tracing and associated data collection and use. Legal challenges to interstate quarantine rules have, thus far, been unsuccessful. Recommendations include: appropriating federal funding adequate to mount and sustain rapid, comprehensive, culturally-appropriate state and local testing, treatment, contact tracing, and supported quarantine and isolation service efforts; building contact tracing systems that cover social as well as health care supports for those affected; and, to bolster trust and participation in public health efforts, implement contact tracing-related health communication efforts targeted to reach the diverse array of communities affected by the epidemic.
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