Suchergebnisse

Aims at a portrait of the higher public servant from a knowledge of personal background, education, religious feelings, social interactions, behaviour and his contacts. Establishes whether the elite emerges with international characteristics or whether it has certain distinctly local peculiarities. (PFB)

News media companies and human rights organizations have been increasingly warning about the rise of the surveillance state that builds on distrust and mass surveillance of its citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic is fostering digitalization and state-corporate collaboration, leading to the introduction of contact tracing apps and other digital surveillance technologies that bring about societal benefits, but also increase privacy invasion. This study examines citizens' concerns about their digital identity, the nation-state's intelligence activities, and the security of biodata, addressing their impacts on the trust in and acceptance of governmental use of personal data. Our analysis of survey data from 1,486 Canadians suggest that those concerns have negative impacts on citizens' acceptance of governmental use of personal data, but not necessarily on their trust in the nation-state being respectful of privacy. Government and corporations, it is concluded, should be more transparent about the collection and uses of data, and citizens should be more active in "watching the watchers" in the age of Big Data. ; Peer reviewed

Patients mobilising guanxi (interpersonal relations) to gain access to hospital care is prevalent in post-Mao China. Yet few studies have centred on how medical professionals deal with guanxi patients. Based on ethnographic research and applying an analytical frame of Chinese guanxi developed by Fei Xiaotong (1992 [1948]) and Cheris Shun-Ching Chan (2009), this article examines the dilemmas that Chinese physicians face in weighing professional standards versus guanxi. We divide the patients into three general categories: patients without any guanxi, patients with weak to moderate ties with physicians, and patients with strong ties with physicians. We find that physicians face few dilemmas when they interact with patients without guanxi. They largely adhere to their professional code of practice and generally display dominance over the patients. When interacting with patients with weak to moderate ties, however, physicians are caught in a dilemma between fulfilling renqing (interpersonal obligation) and adhering to a professional code of practice. They manage this dilemma through dramaturgical strategies such as information-sharing, emotional work, and face-giving. When interacting with patients with whom they have strong ties, however, affection and the sense of asymmetric obligation may take precedence over professional codes. Physicians deal with this dilemma through a different set of strategies, such as information-control, emotional avoidance, and altruistic care. Our analysis reveals the impacts of guanxi on medical professionals and the moral dilemmas they face in a guanxi-dominant societal context. It offers direction for possible policy reforms to mitigate the problem. (China Perspec/GIGA)

La finalidad de este artículo es la de realizar una aproximación a las relaciones personales, afectivas o incluso de parentesco que unían entre sí a los distintos soldados que componían la guarnición de la Urbe. Se obviarán aquellas vinculaciones debidas a motivos políticos o protocolarios, o las relaciones de soldados pertenecientes a la misma cohorte. Es por ello que las dedicaciones comunales realizadas en honor del emperador de forma oficial y no a título personal al quedado excluidas de este análisis, al igual que los latercula. Nuestro interés radica en establecer las relaciones entre soldados que no poseían un contacto directo y diario.The aim of this article is to present a general idea of the interpersonal relations, affective and familiar, that connected the soldiers of the urban garrison. Ties owing to political or ceremonial reasons will be left out, as well as relations between soldiers of the same cohort. For this reason official dedications made in common in the Emperor's honour, and not personally, have been excluded from this analysis, and likewise for the latercula. Our interest is focused on establishing the relations between soldiers that did not have daily and direct contact.

Migrant domestic workers provide essential services to the families they live with, but they are not considered a part of the family. As a group, they are not well-integrated into the society and often suffer from social isolation. In this article, we explore the potential health buffering effects of their personal network, in terms of family and friendship ties in both the local community and their home country. Existing literature provides inconsistent evidence on who and what matters more, with regard to the nature, strength, and geographic locations of individual personal networks. Using data from the Survey of Migrant domestic Workers in Hong Kong (2017), we find that family ties are extremely important. The presence of family members in Hong Kong as well as daily contact with family, regardless of location, are associated with better self-reported health. Only daily contact with friends in Hong Kong, not with friends in other countries, promotes better health. We also find evidence that the protective effects of family and friends networks depend on each other. Those foreign domestic workers with families in Hong Kong but also maintain daily contact with friends have the best self-reported health among all.

Historically, research has shown that minorities, especially Blacks, are more likely to be arrested and sentenced to prison terms than their White counterparts. Explanations of these findings range from those claiming that minorities differentially engage in deviant and criminal behavior, to those claiming that the criminal justice system (CJS) treats minorities differently. A related line of work has shown that minorities tend to view the CJS as less just or legitimate than Whites. Most explanations for this finding center on personal experiences of unjust treatment. However, research has also shown that vicarious experiences can influence perceptions of legitimacy toward the CJS and that Blacks often have more negative attitudes even when considering the same objective event as Whites. This article reviews relevant literatures then advances a theoretical linkage between racial disparity in criminal justice contact and legitimacy toward the law. At its base, the model suggests that differential treatment (either personal or vicarious) negatively impacts legitimacy, which in turn increases criminal behavior (and thus, racial disparities in criminal justice contact). The model is important for fully understanding racial differences in criminal behavior and criminal justice contact. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.

A Relationship in the Best Interest of the Child ? Family Court Judges and the Use of Meeting Places for the Exercise of Visiting Rights ; Family Contact Centres.
To improve the understanding of the relations elaborated between judges and family contact centres, 18 family court judges have been interviewed. An analysis of these interviews reveals a two-fold paradox : In the first place, although the judges are very anxious to obtain information and have the authority to demand that family contact centres supply them with this information, in general they content themselves with obtaining less information than the amount desired. They thus respect the arguments of confidentiality put forward by the family contact centres. In the second place, even though the judges attach great authority to their decisions, they do not dispose of the legal means to compel the family contact centres to respect them. Nevertheless, they manage to achieve this without too much difficulty. The conclusion is that the collaboration between the judges and the family contact centres strengthens the authority of the judicial decision with the purpose of maintaining the Personal relationships of the child with both its parents.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper to start a conversation on the possibility of future research on afterlife communication in the communication field.


Design/methodology/approach
The author utilizes autoethnography, a method that blends ethnographic observation with the writing of personal narrative.


Findings
The author proposes a research agenda for communication scholars to explore the complexity of family stories about postdeath contact.


Originality/value
The author discusses how utilizing interpersonal communication theories to study relationships with the dead can help researchers understand impact how, when, and if stories of postdeath contact are told.

IN PRACTICE, THERE ARE THREE MAIN WAYS TO SUCCEED IN BRINGING CANTONAL REQUESTS OR VIEWS TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. THE CONTACT BETWEEN CANTONAL AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, LARGELY A MATTER OF PERSONAL ABILITIES AND KNOW- HOW, IS IMPORTANT. SECOND, THERE IS THE INFLUENCE OF INTER-CAN TONAL CONFERENCES OF MINISTERS.

International audience ; The relations between the Greek cities relied in part on the personal networks of actors of the economic, political and cultural life. The mobility of both these actors and of their connections promoted closer ties between poleis. The philosopher Arcesilaus of Pitane (315/4‑241/0 BC), founder of the Middle Academy, was involved in a broad network of contacts and, despite being described as shunning politics, sometimes played a role of intermediary in bringing together notables, cities and dynasts. ; Les relations entre les cités grecques reposaient en partie sur les réseaux personnels des acteurs de la vie économique, politique et culturelle. La mobilité de ces acteurs et de leurs proches a renforcé les liens entre les poleis. Le philosophe Arcésilas de Pitanè (315/4- 241/0 av. J.-C.), fondateur de la Moyenne Académie, fut impliqué dans un vaste réseau de contacts et bien que décrit comme réfractaire à la politique, joua parfois un rôle d'intermédiaire dans la mise en relation de notables, cités et dynastes.

International audience ; The relations between the Greek cities relied in part on the personal networks of actors of the economic, political and cultural life. The mobility of both these actors and of their connections promoted closer ties between poleis. The philosopher Arcesilaus of Pitane (315/4‑241/0 BC), founder of the Middle Academy, was involved in a broad network of contacts and, despite being described as shunning politics, sometimes played a role of intermediary in bringing together notables, cities and dynasts. ; Les relations entre les cités grecques reposaient en partie sur les réseaux personnels des acteurs de la vie économique, politique et culturelle. La mobilité de ces acteurs et de leurs proches a renforcé les liens entre les poleis. Le philosophe Arcésilas de Pitanè (315/4- 241/0 av. J.-C.), fondateur de la Moyenne Académie, fut impliqué dans un vaste réseau de contacts et bien que décrit comme réfractaire à la politique, joua parfois un rôle d'intermédiaire dans la mise en relation de notables, cités et dynastes.

International audience ; The relations between the Greek cities relied in part on the personal networks of actors of the economic, political and cultural life. The mobility of both these actors and of their connections promoted closer ties between poleis. The philosopher Arcesilaus of Pitane (315/4‑241/0 BC), founder of the Middle Academy, was involved in a broad network of contacts and, despite being described as shunning politics, sometimes played a role of intermediary in bringing together notables, cities and dynasts. ; Les relations entre les cités grecques reposaient en partie sur les réseaux personnels des acteurs de la vie économique, politique et culturelle. La mobilité de ces acteurs et de leurs proches a renforcé les liens entre les poleis. Le philosophe Arcésilas de Pitanè (315/4- 241/0 av. J.-C.), fondateur de la Moyenne Académie, fut impliqué dans un vaste réseau de contacts et bien que décrit comme réfractaire à la politique, joua parfois un rôle d'intermédiaire dans la mise en relation de notables, cités et dynastes.

International audience ; The relations between the Greek cities relied in part on the personal networks of actors of the economic, political and cultural life. The mobility of both these actors and of their connections promoted closer ties between poleis. The philosopher Arcesilaus of Pitane (315/4‑241/0 BC), founder of the Middle Academy, was involved in a broad network of contacts and, despite being described as shunning politics, sometimes played a role of intermediary in bringing together notables, cities and dynasts. ; Les relations entre les cités grecques reposaient en partie sur les réseaux personnels des acteurs de la vie économique, politique et culturelle. La mobilité de ces acteurs et de leurs proches a renforcé les liens entre les poleis. Le philosophe Arcésilas de Pitanè (315/4- 241/0 av. J.-C.), fondateur de la Moyenne Académie, fut impliqué dans un vaste réseau de contacts et bien que décrit comme réfractaire à la politique, joua parfois un rôle d'intermédiaire dans la mise en relation de notables, cités et dynastes.

Due to their lack of financial resources, poor residents of deprived neighbourhoods are very much reliant on support and assistance from their personal networks. Studies refer to the key importance of neighbourhood contacts transcending social boundaries to promote upward social mobility. Based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative findings, this paper looks at the importance of social mix within a person's neighbourhood and immediate surroundings for transferring different kinds of resources. The results show that even residents of deprived neighbourhoods can call on a well-developed support network to deal with everyday problems. The contribution also shows that network contacts to people endowed with more resources are no guarantee for the upward social mobility of the less well endowed. Indeed, it would seem that 'getting-ahead' resources are also accessible via their homogeneous networks. Much more to the point, the immediate surroundings turn out to be an important spatial context for contacts and resource transfers, especially for families with children.