P.F. Strawson and his Philosophical Legacy aims to bring out the continuing relevance of Sir Peter Frederick Strawson's work for current philosophical debates. It is the first book since Strawson's death to cover the full range of his philosophy, with chapters on his contributions to the philosophy of language, moral philosophy, and philosophical methodology.
This book contains a selection of papers from the workshop Women in the History of Analytic Philosophy held in October 2019 in Tilburg, the Netherlands. It is the first volume devoted to the role of women in early analytic philosophy. It discusses the ideas of ten female philosophers and covers a period of over a hundred years, beginning with the contribution to the Significs Movement by Victoria, Lady Welby in the second half of the nineteenth century, and ending with Ruth Barcan Marcus's celebrated version of quantified modal logic after the Second World War. The book makes clear that women contributed substantially to the development of analytic philosophy in all areas of philosophy, from logic, epistemology, and philosophy of science, to ethics, metaphysics, and philosophy of language. It illustrates that although women's voices were no different from men's as regards their scope and versatility, they had a much harder time being heard. The book is aimed at historians of philosophy and scholars in gender studies
"This book explores the relevance of Sartre's work for various areas in contemporary philosophy, including the imagination, philosophy of language, skepticism, social ontology, logic, film, practical rationality, emotions, and psychoanalysis. Unlike other collections focused on Sartre, this book is not intended as a book of Sartre scholarship or interpretation. The volume's contributors, trained in analytic philosophy, engage with Sartre's work in new refreshing ways, which does not require seeing him as primarily belonging to the continental philosophical traditions of phenomenology or existentialism. Instead, this book aims to make available and fruitfully explore the unheralded insights of Sartre, to creatively re-appropriate or rationally reconstruct certain fruitful ideas or approaches of Sartre and confront them with or make them available to contemporary philosophy in general. Sartre thereby emerges from this book as a versatile philosopher with a stake in a large variety of philosophical concerns. Sartre and Analytic Philosophy will appeal to Sartre scholars who are interested in his relevance to contemporary philosophical debates, as well as philosophers who are interested in exploring new ways of doing philosophy, which are neither stereotypically "analytic" nor "continental.""--
Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist, and accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Jennifer Saul shows how two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role in this, and have exploited and widened existing divisions in society
Метафора, являясь частью повседневной жизни, пронизывает все наше существование: без нее немыслимо как повседневное, так и научное (особенно философское и междисциплинарное) общение. Одна из главных целей данной статьи – обзор литературы, благодаря которой можно отследить изменение роли метафоры в науке, философии и языкознании. Метафоричность, будучи неизменным атрибутом философской мысли, тем не менее долгое время воспринималась больше как естественное свойство речи и необходимый элемент коммуникации или художественный прием, поэтому в большинстве работ по этой тематике основное внимание уделяется анализу метафоры на стыке философии и лингвистики, в связи с чем в статье предлагается кроме философской также литературная часть обзора. Сближение философии не только с литературой, но и психологией, стремление философов современности постичь тайны человеческой психики и мышления, которые невозможно исследовать и описать без попыток шагнуть в пространство бессознательного, возродили использование метафоры как способа познания. Расширение роли психотерапии как лечения словом наполнило идею метафоры новыми смыслами, поэтому в статье показана также психотерапевтическая функция метафоры. Современная гипнотерапия, основоположником которой является М. Эриксон, благодаря способности метафор в виде зашифрованных посланий вступать в диалог с бессознательным клиентов, использует их как средство утоления боли, выработки творческих решений и гармонизации внутреннего состояния. Важной задачей статьи является не только анализ источников (философских, психологических и литературных), а также сведение их воедино с целью сделать шаг в комплексном, междисциплинарном исследовании этого явления. Благодаря исследованию влияния метафоры на наш язык, познание, особенности коммуникации и эмоциональные состояния мы можем сделать еще один шаг в постижении удивительных тайн нашего мозга и нашего творческого бессознательного.
1: Introduction and Discussion of Oruka's Philosophic Sagacity -- 2: Logic in Selected African Languages and Proverbs -- 3: Moral Philosophy in Selected African Languages and Proverbs -- 4: Political Philosophy in Selected African Languages and Proverb -- 5: Social Philosophy in Selected African Languages and Proverbs -- 6: Theory of Knowledge in Selected African Languages and Proverbs -- 7: Metaphysics in Selected African Languages and Proverbs -- 8: Philosophy of Beauty in Selected African Languages and Proverbs -- 9: Conclusions and Recommendations.
Nicht erst seit dem Aufkommen des Begriffs der »Cancel Culture« scheint es, als könne man schlicht nicht mehr miteinander reden. Die unterschiedlichen Konzeptionen von Ziel und Methode, also von der Strategie gesellschaftlicher Auseinandersetzungen, variieren so stark, dass sie schlicht nicht mehr kommensurabel sind. Diese Situation lässt sich als das Resultat einer langen Geschichte strategischer Entwürfe und Gegenentwürfe begreifen. Christopher Jakob Rudoll gibt anhand der Beispiele von Marxismus, Katholizismus und Feminismus einen systematischen Überblick über Debattenkulturen in Theorie und Praxis seit den 1920er-Jahren - und hilft somit, die aktuelle Sprachlosigkeit besser zu verstehen.
"This volume looks at the forms and functions of counterspeech as well as what determines its effectiveness and success from multidisciplinary perspectives. Counterspeech is in line with international human rights and freedom of speech and it can be a much more powerful tool against dangerous and toxic speech than blocking and censorship. In the face of online hate speech and disinformation, counterspeech is a tremendously important and timely topic. The book uniquely brings together expertise from a variety of disciplines. It explores linguistic, ethical and legal aspects of counterspeech, looks at the functions and effectiveness of counterspeech from anthropological, practical and sociological perspectives and addresses the question of how we can use modern technological advances to make counterspeech a more instantaneous and efficient option to respond to harmful language online. The greatest benefit of counterspeech lies in the ability to reach bystanders and prevent them from becoming perpetrators themselves. This volume is an excellent opportunity to spread the word about counterspeech, its potential, importance, and future endeavors. This anthology is a great resource for scholars and students of linguistics, philosophy of language, media and communication studies, digital humanities, natural language processing, international human rights law, anthropology and sociology, and interdisciplinary research methods. It is also a valuable source of information for practitioners and anyone who wants to speak up against harmful speech"--
This open access book is a superb collection of some fifteen chapters inspired by Schroeder-Heister's groundbreaking work, written by leading experts in the field, plus an extensive autobiography and comments on the various contributions by Schroeder-Heister himself. For several decades, Peter Schroeder-Heister has been a central figure in proof-theoretic semantics, a field of study situated at the interface of logic, theoretical computer science, natural-language semantics, and the philosophy of language. The chapters of which this book is composed discuss the subject from a rich variety of angles, including the history of logic, the proper interpretation of logical validity, natural deduction rules, the notions of harmony and of synonymy, the structure of proofs, the logical status of equality, intentional phenomena, and the proof theory of second-order arithmetic. All chapters relate directly to questions that have driven Schroeder-Heister's own research agenda and to which he has made seminal contributions. The extensive autobiographical chapter not only provides a fascinating overview of Schroeder-Heister's career and the evolution of his academic interests but also constitutes a contribution to the recent history of logic in its own right, painting an intriguing picture of the philosophical, logical, and mathematical institutional landscape in Germany and elsewhere since the early 1970s. The papers collected in this book are illuminatingly put into a unified perspective by Schroeder-Heister's comments at the end of the book. Both graduate students and established researchers in the field will find this book an excellent resource for future work in proof-theoretic semantics and related areas.
The article attempts to provide a definition for the problem area of the philosophy of politics, political philosophy and political science. Given the lack of a well-established distinction between the subjects of these sciences in the Russian-language discourse, the author turns to the English-language tradition. The analysis of this discourse shows the following: 1) the absence of a distinction between political philosophy and the philosophy of politics, which is replaced by political ontology as part of political philosophy; 2) the existence of a distinction between political theory and political philosophy; 3) the dependence of the paradigm of the relationship between political theory and political philosophy on the consensus developed in the national intellectual tradition. In the English-language discourse, the question of the relationship between political science and political philosophy comes to the fore. The latter is considered as a subordinate, integral part of political science. It is shown that, based on the criterion of "insufficient scientificity", attempts to exclude political philosophy from the political science do not stop. The article substantiates the position according to which, despite their apparent similarity, the subjects of political science and political philosophy do not coincide – the disciplinary ontology of political science can become the subject of political philosophy. When discussing the relationship between the philosophy of politics and political philosophy, the article presents several hypotheses. First, a distinction is made between the philosophy of politics and political philosophy and the author argues that they are distinct. Secondly, the position, according to which the philosophy of politics belongs to the field of philosophy, and political philosophy to political science, is critically examined, and the fact that the two disciplines belong to the philosophical corpus of knowledge is substantiated. Thirdly, it is proposed to demarcate between the philosophy of politics and political philosophy in accordance with the difference between their subjects. The subject of philosophy of politics is the phenomenon of the political, while the subject of political philosophy is political phenomena.
Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970), one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century, helped found logical positivism, was one of the originators of the field of philosophy of science, and was a leading contributor to semantics and inductive logic. This volume of new essays, written by leading international experts, places Carnap in his philosophical context and studies his topics, his interests, and the major stages of his thought. The essays reassess Carnap's place in the history of analytic philosophy through his approach to metaphysics, values, politics, epistemology and philosophy of science. They delve into important topics of Carnap's mature thought, namely explication, naturalism, and his defence of analyticity; and they recover the logical and the linguistic components of philosophy and how they unfolded in the syntax-semantics relation, induction, and language-planning. The resulting interpretation of Carnap will be illuminating for both current and future research.
"Simone Weil is one of the most profound thinkers of the twentieth century. Her writings encompass an extraordinary breadth of subjects, including philosophy, religion, sociology, and politics. A political activist and resistance fighter, her accomplishments are even more astonishing in light of her death in 1943 at the age of thirty-four. Whilst Weil was concerned with deep philosophical questions - the nature of human thought and human faculties, the limits of language, and thought's contact with reality through mediation, science and beauty - the full significance of her work has frequently been obscured by her categorization as a purely religious writer or Christian mystic. Simone Weil: Basic Writings is an expertly edited anthology of her most important writings, presenting Weil's philosophy as it relates to politics, the nature of work, human nature in its duality, necessity, beauty and goodness. D. K. Levy and Marina Barabas have translated all the extracts anew, including translations of important notes and references missing from existing English language editions of Weil's work. Following an extensive introduction by D. K. Levy which places Weil's life and thought in context, each section opens with a short introduction situating the chosen passages within Weil's oeuvre. Simone Weil: Basic Writings is an outstanding starting point for anyone seeking an introduction to Weil's philosophy, and also essential reading for students and scholars of Weil's thought in related disciplines"--
Intro -- Praise Page -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: New Movement in Philosophy: Philosophy of Disability -- Part I: Desegregating the Discipline(s) -- Chapter 1: Disaster Ableism, Epistemologies of Crisis, and the Mystique Of Bioethics -- Chapter 2: Would You Kill the Fat Man Hypothetical? Fat Stigma in Philosophy -- Chapter 3: Pruriently Feared: Theoretical Erasure of the Disabled Black Male -- Chapter 4: Disability, Dissonance, and Resistance: A Musical Dialogue -- Chapter 5: Neurodiversity, Anti-Psychiatry, and the Politics of Mental Health -- Chapter 6: Disability and African Philosophy -- Part II: Mechanisms of Oppression -- Chapter 7: The Apparatus of Addiction: Substance Use at the Crossroads of Colonial Ableism and Migration -- Chapter 8: Disability, Ableism, Class, and Chronic Fatigue -- Chapter 9: Algorithms as Ableist Orientation Devices: The Technosocial Inheritance of Colonialism and Ableism -- Chapter 10: The ART of Kinship: An Intersectional Reading of Assisted Reproductive Practices -- Chapter 11: Epistemic Injustice and Epistemic Authority on Autism -- Part III: Phenomenologies of Access and Exclusion -- Chapter 12: Disability, Access, and the Promise of Inclusion: Returning to Institutional Language through a Phenomenological Lens -- Chapter 13: Stuttering and Ableism: A Study of Eventfulness -- Chapter 14: Frantz Fanon and Disability: Frictions and Solidarities -- Chapter 15: Exemption, Self-Exemption, and Compassionate Self-Excuse -- Chapter 16: Pathologizing Disabled and Trans Identities: How Emotions Become Marginalized -- Part IV: Disabling Normativities -- Chapter 17: A Crip Reading of Filipino Philosophy -- Chapter 18: Recognizing Human Flourishing in the Context of Disability -- Chapter 19: Neurodiversity and the Ethics of Access.