The liberal & communitarian perception of pluralism as an inevitable & desirable component of contemporary societies is explored. Pluralism is separated into three categories: cultural/national pluralism; moral/value pluralism; & pluralism based on certain structural differences (eg, race & ethnicity). An analysis of pluralism based on structural differences is performed to illustrate how such categories by themselves are inadequate foundations for models of identity. It is subsequently asserted that nationality & culture are not appropriate bases for creating identities. Consequently, a notion of pluralism based on the moral contention that the commitment to life is the seminal value of nonoppressive governments is advanced. Despite the possibility of competing moral values, it is concluded that the existence of moral truths, especially the commitment to life, must be accepted to ensure freedom. 19 References. J. W. Parker
We inhabit a world of differences - cultural, religious, moral, philosophical. The question that preoccupies the contributors to this volume is whether the fact of difference - plurality - inevitably leads to the conclusion that there cannot be a single truth, even in moral matters. As befits a volume on pluralism, it brings together a wide variety of contributors with different backgrounds and distinctive skills and attitudes. The implications of plurality are examined with regard to religion, morality and philosophy itself, but the essays range widely to consider how we should respond at the social and political levels to the facts of plurality and the claims of the pluralist. No reader will be left in any doubt that the debate about pluralism raises questions that are fundamental not only for philosophical argumentation but for society at large
We inhabit a world of differences - cultural, religious, moral, philosophical. The question that preoccupies the contributors to this volume is whether the fact of difference - plurality - inevitably leads to the conclusion that there cannot be a single truth, even in moral matters. As befits a volume on pluralism, it brings together a wide variety of contributors with different backgrounds and distinctive skills and attitudes. The implications of plurality are examined with regard to religion, morality and philosophy itself, but the essays range widely to consider how we should respond at the social and political levels to the facts of plurality and the claims of the pluralist. No reader will be left in any doubt that the debate about pluralism raises questions that are fundamental not only for philosophical argumentation but for society at large.
This chapter introduces the terms of the question: what is the 'religion' and the 'pluralism' in 'religious pluralism'? Though their ideas were developed in a workshop at the European University Institute in 2015, contributors here and elsewhere in the volume speak from their own disciplinary traditions, taking different approaches to terminology as a result. Therefore, this chapter works across disciplines, providing an overview of some of the central ways in which different disciplines have approached and understood 'religious pluralism'. This chapter makes a particular distinction between what Rouméas terms theological, sociological, philosophical pluralisms alongside the idea of religious pluralism as a political ideal. This chapter draws attention to how different methodological and ideological approaches give rise to distinctive understandings of 'religious pluralism', as well as to how disciplinary-specific assumptions shape how the concept is interpreted.
This chapter introduces the terms of the question: what is the 'religion' and the 'pluralism' in 'religious pluralism'? Though their ideas were developed in a workshop at the European University Institute in 2015, contributors here and elsewhere in the volume speak from their own disciplinary traditions, taking different approaches to terminology as a result. Therefore, this chapter works across disciplines, providing an overview of some of the central ways in which different disciplines have approached and understood 'religious pluralism'. This chapter makes a particular distinction between what Rouméas terms theological, sociological, philosophical pluralisms alongside the idea of religious pluralism as a political ideal. This chapter draws attention to how different methodological and ideological approaches give rise to distinctive understandings of 'religious pluralism', as well as to how disciplinary-specific assumptions shape how the concept is interpreted.
Pluralism is the term which it has many difference meaning. Atthe same time, someone can accept and refuse pluralism accordingto that meaning. Secular humanism argues that there is no anAbsolute Truth, because the truth is depend on human. The truth issubjective and relative, so unity just can be built by secularism.Global theology offers a new theology that is global theology tounite the difference religions. Syncretism selected and mixedreligions become a new religion. Perennial Philosophy tries to findmeeting is understood as a framework of interaction in whichgroups show point of religions in the esoteric area. In the socialsciences, pluralism sufficient respect and tolerance of each other,that they fruitfully coexist and interact without conflict or assimilation.Pluralism as theory is a social construction. Indonesian can constructpluralism base on the values of Pancasila that are Goddess,humanity, unity, democracy and justice.
This study expanded the conceptual definition of community structural pluralism to include a consideration of community ethnic pluralism, and used that revised definition as a basis for analyzing the relationships among community characteristics and the orientations of local newspaper editors. Findings indicate that editors in more ethnically pluralistic communities are more likely to include ethnic minorities in their lists of influential persons and important news sources. Editors who include ethnic minorities in a list of important news sources are more likely to consider it important to cover stories about ethnic minorities.
Although the term pluralism has been widely used among soc sci'ts, its definition as a soc concept still remains obscure. The subject may be discussed under the following 3 headings: the pol'al, the legalistic, & the societal usages. Pol'al sci'ts have been mainly concerned with the way power is distributed & exercised in the soc system. Sociol'ts, however, have attempted to conceive of pluralism as a form of soc org. Their thinking has been identified mainly with the work of John S. Furnivall & Julius H. Boeke. Originally, these 2 Dutch soc sci'ts devoted themselves to an analysis of the relationship between the native culture of Indonesia & the capitalist culture of the Dutch colonists. They recognized these cultures as functionally distinct. Their relationship under Dutch ascendancy became manageable, & the authors termed it pluralism. Boeke says the essence of pluralism 'is the clashing of an imported soc system with an indigenous soc system of another style.' The 'imported' system was limited to 'capitalism.' In a later version, Furnivall extended the idea of pluralism to include almost any kind of inter-group relationship under a common gov. By such indefinite inclusiveness, the concept lost its original precision. Among later students of the subject, M. G. Smith has been most analystical. His analysis tends to be confused, however. Such terms as 'econ pluralism,' 'soc pluralism,' & 'plural communities' are not consistently defined. Leonard Broom & Pierre L. van den Berghe do little more to clarify the concept. The ideas of other thinkers such as those of Whitney M. Young & Nathan Glazer are considered. The conclusion is reached that the value of the term pluralism for the study of race relations seems quite limited. It has been given no consistent meaning nor interpretation; it has been applied to distinct & even opposite types of soc org &, in the process, frequently redefined. Occasionally, it has been limited historically & ecologically, but mostly not. Its difficulty seems to remain that of conceptual definition. Its appearance frequently has a distracting effect; but it is popular & sci'ly resonant, hence there is no illusions about its future career. Modified AA.
Contemporary theorists from Isaiah Berlin to Michel Foucault have become increasingly critical of ethical universalism. These theorists hold that ultimate values simply differ & that agreement cannot be expected about them. To hold that all should agree about ultimate values leads to totalization or totalitarianism. This criticism might be thought to apply especially to Karl Marx. The only acceptable society for such critics is one that tolerates a pluralism of values. Here, it is argued that Marx is a pluralist & that at the theoretical level there is no reason why a Marxist community cannot be as pluralistic & tolerant -- even more so -- than a liberal capitalist society. AA
THE QUESTION OF ISLAM'S COMPATIBILITY WITH LIBERAL DEMOCRACY CAN BE VIEWED FROM VARYING PERSPECTIVES. THE PROSPECTS FOR LIBERAL DEMOCRAY IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES CAN BEST BE GUAGED BY EXAMINING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR POLITICAL CULTURE. THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES ISLAMIC CULTURES AND TRADITIONS AND NOTES SOME INTERPRETATIONS AND MANIPULATIONS. IT CONCLUDES THAT THE WAY TO A BETTER FUTURE LIES THROUGH THE RECOGNITION OF PLURALISM, THE ADOPTION OF OPEN POLITICAL SYSTEMS, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS THROUGHOUT THE ISLAMIC WORLD.
Introduction: the pluralist stance / Stephen H. Kellert, Helen E. Longino, and C. Kenneth Waters -- The many unities of science : politics, semantics, and ontology / Alan W. Richardson -- Perspectival pluralism / Ronald N. Giere -- Plurality and complementarity in quantum dynamics / Michael Dickson -- Pluralism and the foundations of mathematics / Geoffrey Hellman and John L. Bell -- Pluralisms in economics / Esther-Mirjam Sent -- Theoretical pluralism and the scientific study of behavior / Helen E. Longino -- A new/old (pluralist) resolution of the mind-body problem / C. Wade Savage -- Explanations of the evolution of sex : a plurality of local mechanisms / Carla Fehr -- A pluralist interpretation of gene-centered biology / C. Kenneth Waters -- Disciplinary pluralism for science studies / Stephen H. Kellert