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La présente contribution entend mettre à l'épreuve la dynamique réticulaire francophone à l'aune de la policy network dans l'analyse des politiques publiques. Elle interroge le potentiel heuristique de cet outil théorique en prenant en compte les expressions sociétales et institutionnelles de la cristallisation des réseaux en F/francophonie. Il apparaît que la portée taxinomique en est avérée avec l'existence d'un réseau mondial de la Francophonie décliné en une multitude de réseaux constitués en instruments de gouvernance « par le bas » de l'espace francophone. Cependant, la policy network présente des limites quant à sa capacité à penser le contenu des interactions au cœur des réseaux francophones et le poids des intérêts dans la formation et l'institutionnalisation desdits réseaux.

Dans cette recherche, nous tentons d'évaluer les effets de la crise économique mondiale de 2008-2009 sur l'économie sénégalaise. A l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable statique, nous mettons en exergue les principaux canaux par lesquels cette crise a pu se transmettre à l'économie, à savoir : les prix mondiaux, la demande à l'exportation, les transferts des migrants, l'aide publique au développement, les investissements directs étrangers. Les résultats de notre analyse attestent que la baisse de la demande mondiale à l'exportation et celle des transferts des migrants se révèlent être les canaux qui ont le plus facilité la transmission du choc à l'économie sénégalaise. En effet, celles-ci ont le plus contribué à déprimer l'activité économique et, en conséquence, favorisé une détérioration des principaux agrégats macroéconomiques. En outre, elles ont occasionné l'effritement de l'assiette fiscale de l'Etat qui a vu ses ressources intérieures baisser.

Résumé.En 2001, le gouvernement québécois adopte laPolitique de reconnaissance et de soutien à l'action communautaire. La mise en œuvre de cette politique a mené à des résultats contrastés en fonction des champs d'intervention considérés. Dans cet article, nous soutenons que la mise en œuvre différenciée de la Politique est directement liée à la structuration des acteurs sociaux dans chaque champ d'intervention. Par l'analyse de deux champs, le champ de l'environnement et celui de la défense collective des droits, nous montrons comment, au-delà des explications usuelles des processus de mise en œuvre des politiques publiques qui font intervenir le rôle des acteurs politiques et des réseaux, c'est la prise en compte de l'action autonome des acteurs sociaux qui permet de comprendre la différenciation des trajectoires de mise en œuvre.Abstract.In 2001, the Québec government adopted itsPolitique de reconnaissance et de soutien à l'action communautaire. The implementation of this policy has led to contrasting results depending on the fields of intervention considered. We argue that the different implementation pathways of this policy are directly linked to the structuring of social actors in each field. Using two fields of intervention – the environment and advocacy – as case studies, we show the need to go beyond the usual explanations regarding the implementation of public policies which stress the importance of political actors and policy networks. Without neglecting the role of the latter, the different pathways in the implementation processes of this policy are also largely due to the autonomous action of social actors.

Implemented by a joint initiative of ARL and DATAR (Délégation à lÁménagement du Territoire et à lÁction Régionale) an international group of experts reflected regional development policies. Due to a variety of reasons, economic development is accompanied with different regional performances in terms of income, employment, growth etc. Empirical studies and theoretical works in modern regional economics indicate that even in relatively homogeneous groups of countries like the EU economic convergence need time and this is certainly true after EU enlargement, because new Member States with a lower economic performance joint the community. To enhance efficiency and reduce disparities across regions, different approaches have been proposed as a framework for regional development policy; among them are the growth pole concept, spatial economic corridors, and recently, spatial economic networks. This last one emphasizes the role of cooperation among regions and provides a new spatial policy framework. Instead of considering the individual problem regions (as the traditional approach does) trans-national networks and European macro-regions constitute the new typology of the spatial policy framework. Within this new paradigm of regional policy there is a greater tendency to see regions in terms of spatial economic networks and to see the EU as a part of a global competitive innovation system. Due to the economic and political structure of the new Member States and the Candidate Countries regional policies should concentrate on infrastructure, human and social capital, network formation to facilitate the transfer of innovation technology, on areas affected by industrial conversion and on the role played by interregional, international and trans-border cooperation. They should support the modernisation of the institutional system in Central and Eastern Europe and the process of decentralization not only institutional, but also financially. They should enhance local administrative competencies and promote the periphery of the new Member States and the Candidate Countries and increase the cross-border cooperation. These measures together with a substantial reform of EU regional policy and their funds are necessary to make the enlargement to a success story.

The article examines the European network policy as applied to rail transport. Opening up to competition takes particular forms due to the specific nature of rail networks. The problems posed by the transition from a form of infrastructure integration and operation to separation concern technical and organisational efficiency, linked in particular to the question of determining infrastructure tolls. The details of the competitive operation of rail transport services and how they relate to the logic of the public service are then questioned. ; International audience ; The article examines the European network policy as applied to rail transport. Opening up to competition takes particular forms due to the specific nature of rail networks. The problems posed by the transition from a form of infrastructure integration and operation to separation concern technical and organisational efficiency, linked in particular to the question of determining infrastructure tolls. The details of the competitive operation of rail transport services and how they relate to the logic of the public service are then questioned. ; L'article étudie la politique européenne relative aux réseaux telle qu'elle est appliquée au transport ferroviaire. L' ouverture à la concurrence y prend des formes particulières du fait de la spécificité des réseaux ferroviaires.Les problèmes posés par le passage d'une forme d'intégration de l'infrastructure et de l'exploitation à leur séparation concernent l'efficacité technique et l'efficacité organisationnelle, liée notamment à la question de la détermination du péage d'infrastructure. Les modalités de l'exploitation concurrentielle des services de transport ferroviaire et de leur rapport à la logique du service public sont ensuite questionnées.

Takes a historical-institutionalist approach in comparing case studies of child care policy reform in France & Quebec. In France, parent choice in selecting guardians was emphasized to reduce unemployment & cut state child care costs, fragmenting the system. In Quebec, a more uniform public system was sought, with the government reinforcing its preference for nonprofit associations offering cheaper care to parents. Deployment of differing bodies of social knowledge by disparate policy networks resulted in diverging definitions of the child care problem; thus, reciprocal influence of institutions, ideas, & interests lies at the heart of these varying outcomes. Adapted from the source document.

Founding of the theoretical research program is an institutional, scientific and geographical journey. Always there is an object: the territory, because it allows, encourages and crystallizes all interactions and dynamics, social and economic, industrial and reticular . This is the explanation of the title of this paper on my research conducted in being developed and planned currently "TERRITORIES, INDUSTRIES, INNOVATIONS and NETWORKS". There is also a process: the permanent alternation between inductive and hypothetico-deductive postures. We also need a method. It is for me to leverage additional tools and their disciplines: Industrial Economics, Territorial Economics, Economics of Public Policy. The central concepts used are those of territory, industry, innovation and networks. The issues studied are those of economic, social, political, technological and territorial contemporary changes. This approach is original because it includes, in a resolutely multidisciplinary and systemic approach, the contributions of economists crossed eyes, sociologists and managers. Finally, this research program has six research areas: structural analysis and theory of economic dominance - social networks, technology networks and strategic behavior - Institutional Networks and new forms of governance - Infrastructure networks and new uses - Strategies of actors and production of territories - Learning, knowledge, skills, anchors. ; Des recherches fondatrices à l'inscription théorique du programme de recherches, c'est un cheminement institutionnel, scientifique et géographique. Toujours il y a un objet : le territoire, parce qu'il permet, suscite et cristallise toutes les interactions et dynamiques sociales et économiques, industrielles et réticulaires. C'est l'explication du titre de ce mémoire sur mes travaux de recherche réalisés, en cours d'élaboration et en projet actuellement : " TERRITOIRES, INDUSTRIES, INNOVATIONS et RESEAUX ". Il y a aussi une démarche : l'alternance permanente entre postures inductive et ...

Founding of the theoretical research program is an institutional, scientific and geographical journey. Always there is an object: the territory, because it allows, encourages and crystallizes all interactions and dynamics, social and economic, industrial and reticular . This is the explanation of the title of this paper on my research conducted in being developed and planned currently "TERRITORIES, INDUSTRIES, INNOVATIONS and NETWORKS". There is also a process: the permanent alternation between inductive and hypothetico-deductive postures. We also need a method. It is for me to leverage additional tools and their disciplines: Industrial Economics, Territorial Economics, Economics of Public Policy. The central concepts used are those of territory, industry, innovation and networks. The issues studied are those of economic, social, political, technological and territorial contemporary changes. This approach is original because it includes, in a resolutely multidisciplinary and systemic approach, the contributions of economists crossed eyes, sociologists and managers. Finally, this research program has six research areas: structural analysis and theory of economic dominance - social networks, technology networks and strategic behavior - Institutional Networks and new forms of governance - Infrastructure networks and new uses - Strategies of actors and production of territories - Learning, knowledge, skills, anchors. ; Des recherches fondatrices à l'inscription théorique du programme de recherches, c'est un cheminement institutionnel, scientifique et géographique. Toujours il y a un objet : le territoire, parce qu'il permet, suscite et cristallise toutes les interactions et dynamiques sociales et économiques, industrielles et réticulaires. C'est l'explication du titre de ce mémoire sur mes travaux de recherche réalisés, en cours d'élaboration et en projet actuellement : " TERRITOIRES, INDUSTRIES, INNOVATIONS et RESEAUX ". Il y a aussi une démarche : l'alternance permanente entre postures inductive et ...