Suchergebnisse

What are the effects of electoral competition on the disbursement of state subsidies in industrialized democracies? I argue that the scope of subsidies, which ranges from economy-wide to regional & industry-specific subsidies, is determined by the extent of political (electoral) monopoly conditioned by economic threats from foreign competition. The mechanism through which electoral competition is linked to subsidies is the policy network. I assess this argument by examining thirteen Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) countries in the period 1990 1993. The findings offer amendments to models of policy networks & speak to the importance of domestic institutions on factor mobility & trade policy. 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

Developed is a refined & systematic concept of state-business relations based on the nation of policy network. The major dimensions of policy networks are identified: (1) number & type of actors, (2) function of networks, (3) structure, (4) institutionalization, (5) rules of conduct, (6) power relations, & (7) actor strategies. Certain popular conventional policy-making arrangements (eg, sectoral corporation, sponsored pluralism, & clientelism) are examined in terms of these network dimensions. 2 Tables, 49 References. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with the questions of the emergence, persistence and change of policy paradigms. It focuses on the role that policy networks play in this process and draws on the literature of problem definition to explain this role. The paper investigates water policy in Israel in the years 1948–1997. The paper distinguishes among two water policy paradigms that have prevailed: the earlier paradigm was one of expanding water resources and agricultural production, followed by a paradigm of priority of agricultural expansion over water conservation. The paper also distinguishes among periods of anticipatory and reactive water policy and highlights the role of policy networks in formulating public policies.

The importance of horizontal coordinating governance arrangements in the internationalized policy domains that occur more frequently in the present globalizing era justifies building further on middle-level theories that draw on the policy community/policy network concepts. This reconceptualization, however, requires an explicit integration of policy paradigms and political ideas into policy community theory and careful attention to the differential impact of varying governance patterns in internationalized policy domains. This article pursues these objectives beginning with a review of existing literature on policy communities and policy networks. Next, drawing on recent research on policy paradigms and political ideas, it suggests how policy community concepts might be adapted for the study of policy change. Four types of internationalized policy environments are then identified and their implications for policy communities and policy networks are assessed. The article concludes by introducing the concept of policy community mediators and discussing how they might shape the relationships among multiple policy communities.

AbstractThis paper examines how learning has been treated, generally, in policy network theories and what questions have been posed, and answered, about this phenomenon to date. We examine to what extent network characteristics and especially the presence of various types of brokers impede or facilitate policy learning. Next, a case study of the policy network surrounding the sustainability of palm oil biodiesel in Indonesia over the past two decades is presented using social network analysis. This case study focuses on sustainability-oriented policy learning in the Indonesian biodiesel governance network and illustrates how network features and especially forms of brokerage influence learning.

This Conclusion reflects on the contributions the various articles in this special issue have made to decentred studies of policy networks. It concentrates on three areas: the role of meaning in action in shaping networks; new research agendas that have been potentially opened; and key theoretical debates. In considering the theoretical debates, this Conclusion considers various criticisms of the decentred approach to exploring policy networks, before offering some suggestions for those who want to undertake decentred studies of policy networks.

AbstractWhat are the effects of electoral competition on the disbursement of state subsidies in industrialized democracies? I argue that the scope of subsidies, which ranges from economy‐wide to regional and industry‐specific subsidies, is determined by the extent of political (electoral) monopoly conditioned by economic threats from foreign competition. The mechanism through which electoral competition is linked to subsidies is the policy network. I assess this argument by examining thirteen Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in the period 1990–1993. The findings offer amendments to models of policy networks and speak to the importance of domestic institutions on factor mobility and trade policy.

Der Artikel bietet ein systematisches Konzept zur Untersuchung und Typologisierung von Staat-Wirtschaft-Beziehungen an. Basierend auf dem "policy network" Ansatz werden sieben Dimensionen erarbeitet, die dazu dienen, die unterschiedlichen Verhältnisse zwischen Staat und Wirtschaft zu unterscheiden und bisherige Untersuchungsansätze zu überprüfen. Die sieben Dimensionen werden benannt als: 1. Akteure, 2. Funktion, 3. Struktur, 4. Institutionalisierung, 5. Verhaltensregeln, 6. Kräfteverhältnisse, 7. Akteurstrategien. (AuD-Ber)

In an attempt to demonstrate what the Asia-Pacific policy network in Canada is and is not, the author reviews the evolution of Asia-Pacific attentiveness in Canadian policy circles. He notes that the present structure and direction of the emergent policy network is coordinated by entities such as the Canadian Consortium on Asia Pacific security. (DÜI-Sen)