Agent-Based Modeling in Political Decision Making
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"Agent-Based Modeling in Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"Agent-Based Modeling in Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"Media-Effects Experiments in Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"Q Methodology in Research on Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"Voter Information Processing and Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
Do the media matter for public policy making? Based on the literature on the conditionality of the effect of mass media attention on political attention and theories of public policy making, this article argues that it depends on prior political attention. If the media focus on a case related to an issue to which politicians already pay attention, and the media attention is sustained, this can initiate a political decision-making process that leads to public policy change. The article illustrates this logic using two Danish examples and discusses how this argument can be investigated more broadly.
BASE
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"Genetics and Heritability Research on Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
International audience ; In this paper, a model of political consensus is introduced. Parties try to reach consensus in forming a government. A government is defined as a pair consisting of a winning coalition and a policy supported by this coalition, where a policy consists of policies on given issues. A party evaluates all governments the party belongs to with respect to some criteria. We allow the criteria to be of unequal importance to a party. These criteria concern winning coalitions and policy issues. Parties may be advised to adjust their preferences, i.e., to change their evaluation concerning some government(s) or/and the importance of the criteria, in order to obtain a better political consensus.
BASE
International audience ; In this paper, a model of political consensus is introduced. Parties try to reach consensus in forming a government. A government is defined as a pair consisting of a winning coalition and a policy supported by this coalition, where a policy consists of policies on given issues. A party evaluates all governments the party belongs to with respect to some criteria. We allow the criteria to be of unequal importance to a party. These criteria concern winning coalitions and policy issues. Parties may be advised to adjust their preferences, i.e., to change their evaluation concerning some government(s) or/and the importance of the criteria, in order to obtain a better political consensus.
BASE
International audience ; In this paper, a model of political consensus is introduced. Parties try to reach consensus in forming a government. A government is defined as a pair consisting of a winning coalition and a policy supported by this coalition, where a policy consists of policies on given issues. A party evaluates all governments the party belongs to with respect to some criteria. We allow the criteria to be of unequal importance to a party. These criteria concern winning coalitions and policy issues. Parties may be advised to adjust their preferences, i.e., to change their evaluation concerning some government(s) or/and the importance of the criteria, in order to obtain a better political consensus.
BASE
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"A Somatic Marker Perspective of Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 86
ISSN: 1467-9221
In representative democracies, citizens give politicians the authority to decide on the implementation of a variety of policies. Delegation has clear advantages in terms of benefits of specialization. However, delegation may create agency problems between citizens and their politicians. Politicians may exert too little effort, implement inefficient policies, extract rents, or otherwise perform badly. In this thesis, principal-agent problems between citizens and politicians are central to the analysis. The main objective is to explain several institutional arrangements, observed in governments, in the light of the agency problems. The agency problems between voters and politicians are characterized by two essential ingredients. First, politicians are often better informed about the effects of public policies than the electorate. Second, the preferences of politicians are not necessarily aligned with the preferences of the electorate. We examine how the selection of politicians as well as some regulations governing politicians' actions helps to reduce the incidence of policy failures. Each chapter focuses on a different component of the political decision making process. In the first chapter, we consider the interaction between different types of politicians in electoral competition. We show why a political culture may be self-reinforcing. The second chapter shows why there is a strong incentive for a leader in office to replace a critical member of parliament. The third chapter tries to provide an explanation for the observed variety in the composition of committees in U.S. Congress. Finally, the last chapter provides a rationale for the sequential nature of information collection in advocacy systems.
BASE
Sound political decision making requires input from various sources. Science represents one important source. Among the scientific disciplines systems analysis particularly provides the means for knowledge transfer between science and political decision making because systems analysis incorporates a multidisciplinary approach covering the spectrum from engineering and the natural sciences to economics and the political sciences. For instance, the development of an efficient, environmentally friendly and safe energy supply system may be regarded as one of the great challenges a country continuously has to face. In industrialized countries like Germany, the results from systems analysis have been used very fruitfully for this task since the early 70s. For this purpose energy models have been developed to provide the analyst with an appropriate tool. Over the years the number of energy models has increased significantly and the models have become more sophisticated. However, one can identify a few lighthouse projects representing the state of art. The IKARUS Project on behalf of the German Government may serve as such an example where a large number of institutions from science and industry have been involved to establish a solid platform for the debate on the future German energy system under the boundary conditions of climate protection. This effort led to a large database containing the relevant data and a family of models covering the various aspects of the energy system. After successful completion of these tools they have served to formulate the official German strategy to achieve reductions in the emissions of energy related greenhouse gases according to the Kyoto process. But even such a big effort cannot cover all aspects of technology evaluation and as political decision making proceeds to new or modified targets the tools of energy systems analysis have to be updated. This volume provides an overview of methods and corresponding results in the field of energy systems analysis at Forschungszentrum Jülich. ...
BASE
In: International political science review: the journal of the International Political Science Association (IPSA) = Revue internationale de science politique, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 45-58
ISSN: 1460-373X
Talk in politics is effective only insofar as the speaker is able to persuade his or her audience of the relevance of some point, or the validity of some claim, contained in the speech. From a rational choice perspective, therefore, such speech making is a strategic activity in which speakers seek to influence the beliefs of decision makers. This paper is an informal introduction to rational choice models of political decision making involving the strategic use of speech.
In: Global change, peace & security, Band 15, Heft 3, S. 245-262
ISSN: 1478-1166