Suchergebnisse

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Traditionally Lithuania's public finances are discussed in terms of tax burden and tax administration. Such issues as composition of tax revenues or the structure of public expenditure for some reasons are less atractive both for economists, journalists, politicians and general public at large. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap doing it in the political, cognitive and ideological context existing in our country. The subject is explored in the framework of methodological holism.

Traditionally Lithuania's public finances are discussed in terms of tax burden and tax administration. Such issues as composition of tax revenues or the structure of public expenditure for some reasons are less atractive both for economists, journalists, politicians and general public at large. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap doing it in the political, cognitive and ideological context existing in our country. The subject is explored in the framework of methodological holism.

Traditionally Lithuania's public finances are discussed in terms of tax burden and tax administration. Such issues as composition of tax revenues or the structure of public expenditure for some reasons are less atractive both for economists, journalists, politicians and general public at large. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap doing it in the political, cognitive and ideological context existing in our country. The subject is explored in the framework of methodological holism.

Traditionally Lithuania's public finances are discussed in terms of tax burden and tax administration. Such issues as composition of tax revenues or the structure of public expenditure for some reasons are less atractive both for economists, journalists, politicians and general public at large. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap doing it in the political, cognitive and ideological context existing in our country. The subject is explored in the framework of methodological holism.

The dissertation seeks to explain, why different skills formation systems have emerged in Central and Eastern Europe over the past 20 years. More specifically, it investigates, why the labor force acquires general skills in the Baltic States, Poland and Hungary, while specific skills are of utmost importance in the Czech and Slovak Republics and Slovenia? The dissertation argues that these differences can be explained by the labor market, economic and political institutions. Strong employers' associations, high employment security, generous unemployment benefits, proportional electoral system and government stability are necessary for emergence of specific skills formation systems, while absence of these institutions is sufficient for the emergence of general skills formation systems. The dissertation employs fuzzy set techniques and robust regression to test the hypotheses empirically.

The dissertation seeks to explain, why different skills formation systems have emerged in Central and Eastern Europe over the past 20 years. More specifically, it investigates, why the labor force acquires general skills in the Baltic States, Poland and Hungary, while specific skills are of utmost importance in the Czech and Slovak Republics and Slovenia? The dissertation argues that these differences can be explained by the labor market, economic and political institutions. Strong employers' associations, high employment security, generous unemployment benefits, proportional electoral system and government stability are necessary for emergence of specific skills formation systems, while absence of these institutions is sufficient for the emergence of general skills formation systems. The dissertation employs fuzzy set techniques and robust regression to test the hypotheses empirically.

The dissertation seeks to explain, why different skills formation systems have emerged in Central and Eastern Europe over the past 20 years. More specifically, it investigates, why the labor force acquires general skills in the Baltic States, Poland and Hungary, while specific skills are of utmost importance in the Czech and Slovak Republics and Slovenia? The dissertation argues that these differences can be explained by the labor market, economic and political institutions. Strong employers' associations, high employment security, generous unemployment benefits, proportional electoral system and government stability are necessary for emergence of specific skills formation systems, while absence of these institutions is sufficient for the emergence of general skills formation systems. The dissertation employs fuzzy set techniques and robust regression to test the hypotheses empirically.

The dissertation seeks to explain, why different skills formation systems have emerged in Central and Eastern Europe over the past 20 years. More specifically, it investigates, why the labor force acquires general skills in the Baltic States, Poland and Hungary, while specific skills are of utmost importance in the Czech and Slovak Republics and Slovenia? The dissertation argues that these differences can be explained by the labor market, economic and political institutions. Strong employers' associations, high employment security, generous unemployment benefits, proportional electoral system and government stability are necessary for emergence of specific skills formation systems, while absence of these institutions is sufficient for the emergence of general skills formation systems. The dissertation employs fuzzy set techniques and robust regression to test the hypotheses empirically.

The dissertation seeks to explain, why different skills formation systems have emerged in Central and Eastern Europe over the past 20 years. More specifically, it investigates, why the labor force acquires general skills in the Baltic States, Poland and Hungary, while specific skills are of utmost importance in the Czech and Slovak Republics and Slovenia? The dissertation argues that these differences can be explained by the labor market, economic and political institutions. Strong employers' associations, high employment security, generous unemployment benefits, proportional electoral system and government stability are necessary for emergence of specific skills formation systems, while absence of these institutions is sufficient for the emergence of general skills formation systems. The dissertation employs fuzzy set techniques and robust regression to test the hypotheses empirically.

The dissertation seeks to explain, why different skills formation systems have emerged in Central and Eastern Europe over the past 20 years. More specifically, it investigates, why the labor force acquires general skills in the Baltic States, Poland and Hungary, while specific skills are of utmost importance in the Czech and Slovak Republics and Slovenia? The dissertation argues that these differences can be explained by the labor market, economic and political institutions. Strong employers' associations, high employment security, generous unemployment benefits, proportional electoral system and government stability are necessary for emergence of specific skills formation systems, while absence of these institutions is sufficient for the emergence of general skills formation systems. The dissertation employs fuzzy set techniques and robust regression to test the hypotheses empirically.

This Final Master thesis is designeded to investigate the Western political economy model applicability to change Asian model in its region. During the Asia Financial Crisis in 1997 Korea republic (further South Korea) asked the IMF financial aid and accepted all the conditions and made many reforms in the country. Those reforms were directed into liberalizing the market, open up to foreign investors and to create more attractive foreign direct investment (further FDI) climate in S.Korea. This was about to change theretofore exited Asian political economy model into more liberal Western model. The problem – could IMF reforms help to recover countries' economies more effective and sharply after the crisis? Could those IMF reforms be successfully adjusted into any environment? The object – political-economical indicators of Japan and S.Korea. Objective of investigation – to find out if IMF reforms in S.Korea helped to recover its economy more rapidly and successfully than in Japan, where IMF reforms were not implemented. From objective the hypothesis that after investigation will be confirmed or rejected appear: Hypothesis – IMF improved political-economical indicators in S.Korea more sharply than Japan, where the government did not implemented any IMF reforms. Regarding to the fact that IMF reforms were designeded to implement Western political economy model into Asia country – S.Korea, confirmation of the hypothesis would also prove that Western model could be successfully adapted into other totally diferent environment. Tasks: • To select specific aspects of political economy which could concretize the investigation; • To select specific case for investigation; • To analyse IMF role and reforms during the Asia Financial Crisis; • To compare impact of IMF reforms in S.Korea with Japan's case; • To confirm or reject the hypothesis. The methods of investigation. There are used comparative method, regression analysis with statistical "Gretl" program, correlation, using Microsoft Excel program and diferent sources analysis. The results: before the Asia crisis many indicators of Japan were much better that in S.Korea. After the Asia Financial Crisis when S.Korea's government implemented IMF reforms, the indicators of S.Korea improved much sharply than Japan's and were much better now than in Japan where no IMF reforms were implemented. The findings: the IMF reforms that were implemented into S.Korea after the Asia Financial Crisis successfully and sharply helped country to recover from stagnation. In Japan where Japan's government did not implemented any IMF reforms recovery was much slower. The IMF reforms initiated adaption of Western model in S.Korea and by that the hypothesis was confirmed – Western political economy model can be successfully ajusted into totally diferent environment. For further investigation some recommendations are given: • To analyse the employment rate in S.Korea's local and foreign capital companies. That could help to analyse the impact of IMF reforms on unemployment rate in long term; • To make a survey of foreign companies that made FDI into Japan and S.Korea before and after the crisis. This could help to find out what tangible effect of reforms that were made in Japan and S.Korea after the crisis for the reason to improve the climate for foreign investment was and what are the main weaknesses that remain.

In this dissertation, the experience of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the crisis in 2008-2010 is analysed. Its aim is to find out why the Baltic countries chose and were able to implement the strategy of "internal adjustment", i.e. kept fixed exchange rates and achieved fiscal sustainability via fiscal consolidation. Furthermore, it asks why Estonia was able to handle the crisis most successfully. Based on the theories of currency crises and fiscal consolidation, a theoretical model is constructed. The empirical investigation relies on both qualitative and quantitative (statistical) methods. It is found in the dissertation that conventional theories cannot adequately explain the Baltic situation during the crisis. Therefore, non-conventional factors are investigated. The Baltic willingness to defend the fixed exchange rates can be attributed to certain economic factors (high flexibility and indebtedness in foreign currencies), continuity in economic policy, causal beliefs, and non-economic functions of fixed exchange rates. The implementation of a very large fiscal consolidation package was possible due to weak trade unions, a high degree of centralization, causal beliefs about appropriate economic policies, weak interest groups and lack of societal mobilization capacity. Estonia's better performance was due to better informal institutions, namely a higher trust in government, which allowed Estonia to collect more taxes during the crisis than Latvia and Lithuania.

In this dissertation, the experience of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the crisis in 2008-2010 is analysed. Its aim is to find out why the Baltic countries chose and were able to implement the strategy of "internal adjustment", i.e. kept fixed exchange rates and achieved fiscal sustainability via fiscal consolidation. Furthermore, it asks why Estonia was able to handle the crisis most successfully. Based on the theories of currency crises and fiscal consolidation, a theoretical model is constructed. The empirical investigation relies on both qualitative and quantitative (statistical) methods. It is found in the dissertation that conventional theories cannot adequately explain the Baltic situation during the crisis. Therefore, non-conventional factors are investigated. The Baltic willingness to defend the fixed exchange rates can be attributed to certain economic factors (high flexibility and indebtedness in foreign currencies), continuity in economic policy, causal beliefs, and non-economic functions of fixed exchange rates. The implementation of a very large fiscal consolidation package was possible due to weak trade unions, a high degree of centralization, causal beliefs about appropriate economic policies, weak interest groups and lack of societal mobilization capacity. Estonia's better performance was due to better informal institutions, namely a higher trust in government, which allowed Estonia to collect more taxes during the crisis than Latvia and Lithuania.

In this dissertation, the experience of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the crisis in 2008-2010 is analysed. Its aim is to find out why the Baltic countries chose and were able to implement the strategy of "internal adjustment", i.e. kept fixed exchange rates and achieved fiscal sustainability via fiscal consolidation. Furthermore, it asks why Estonia was able to handle the crisis most successfully. Based on the theories of currency crises and fiscal consolidation, a theoretical model is constructed. The empirical investigation relies on both qualitative and quantitative (statistical) methods. It is found in the dissertation that conventional theories cannot adequately explain the Baltic situation during the crisis. Therefore, non-conventional factors are investigated. The Baltic willingness to defend the fixed exchange rates can be attributed to certain economic factors (high flexibility and indebtedness in foreign currencies), continuity in economic policy, causal beliefs, and non-economic functions of fixed exchange rates. The implementation of a very large fiscal consolidation package was possible due to weak trade unions, a high degree of centralization, causal beliefs about appropriate economic policies, weak interest groups and lack of societal mobilization capacity. Estonia's better performance was due to better informal institutions, namely a higher trust in government, which allowed Estonia to collect more taxes during the crisis than Latvia and Lithuania.