Religious issues permeate the whole Rawlsian work. The problem is to know how people with different religious understandings can come to overlapping consensus. The solution to the problem of how political legitimacy can be achieved, despite religious conflict, and how, between citizens of different faiths, political justification can be pursued without reference to religious conviction is related to the idea of public reason.
Este artigo aborda a midiatização da comunicação pública tendo como enfoque o escândalo político do mensalão. A corrupção na política brasileira é pauta recorrente na mídia nacional e até internacional. Sob essa perspectiva nos propomos a delinear algumas implicações da midiatização no debate de temas de comunicação pública. Para tanto, utilizaremos os estudos de Hjarvard (2012), Fausto Neto (2006, 2008) e Sodré (2002). Sobre a comunicação pública, buscamos Weber (2009), Duarte (2007) e Brandão (2007). Observando o site Rede de Escândalos concluímos que a midiatização de temas de interesse público ainda está em estágio preliminar, deixando a discutibilidade desses assuntos para um futuro que esperamos não muito distante. ; This article is on the Media process of public communication focused on a political scandal named mensalão. The corruption in the Brazilian policy is a recurrent issue in national media and even international. Under this perspective we propose to delineate some implications of the media upon debates of public communication issues. For these we are using Hjarvard studies (2012), Fausto Neto (2006, 2008) and Sodré (2002). On public communication we searched Weber (2009), Duarte (2007) and Brandão (2007). Having observed the site Rede de escândalos we can conclude that the media of issues of public interests is still at a preliminary phase, leaving these issues open to be discussed in a no longer future, hopefully.
Introduction: The recent uproar around COVID-19 hangs over the rights and duties of the population regarding vaccination and mass immunization. The exercise of individual freedom and the possible imposition of a measure that makes vaccination compulsory may be the focus of a political dispute around the adoption of scientific criteria for government decision-making, and with that, bring serious collective consequences in relation to the spread and the lack of control of the disease. Objective: To study whether compulsory vaccination against COVID-19, once instituted by law or normative act, will have a legal basis in view of fundamental rights and analyze whether the political dispute around the vaccine may be influencing its regulation. Method: Exploratory and descriptive study developed through documentary and bibliographic research, collection of texts from the World Health Organization, Ministry of Health, federal government and the state of São Paulo, analysis of national legislation and recent decisions by the Supreme Court. Results: It was observed that it is possible to establish compulsory vaccination in Brazil, ensuring fundamental rights; however, political issues are influencing decision-making based on technical-scientific criteria for health surveillance. Conclusions: The restriction of individual freedom finds support in the search for health in the collective interest, as long as it does not go beyond the limits of the physical integrity of the citizen and human dignity, the use of physical coercion being prohibited. The political dispute led by some public agents may have caused delays and setbacks in the vaccination of the Brazilian population, an effective way to control the pandemic. ; Introdução: A recente celeuma em torno da COVID-19 paira sobre os direitos e deveres da população frente à vacinação e a imunização em massa. O exercício da liberdade individual e a eventual imposição de medida que torna compulsória a vacinação podem estar no foco de uma disputa política em torno da adoção de ...
A literature review about telework – modality in which the work is performed remotely through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) – shows different understandings on this subject. This work present a review of the research on this topic, discussing the main research practices and the different viewpoints portrayed in academic production. Several conclusions were obtained from the study, from optimistic understandings, disseminating only the supposed benefits of telework, to understandings that take it as a modern way to exploit the workers. It is noted that telework is a trend in the current scenario of the world of work, and the benefits for companies, workers and society are well propagated. On the other, there are also many risks involved, especially regarding to the individualization of work, which can result in social, professional and political isolation of the workers. ; La revisión de la literatura sobre el teletrabajo -modalidad en que el trabajo se realiza remotamente, por medio de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC)- indica diversas y dispares comprensiones acerca de ese tema. Presentamos hallazgos de investigación sobre esta modalidad, que tratan las principales maneras como se ha aplicado en la práctica y las diferentes lecturas de la producción académica. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se verifica la no unidad de las conclusiones: hay desde interpretaciones optimistas, que propagan solo los supuestos beneficios del teletrabajo, hasta lecturas que lo consideran un modo moderno de explotación de los trabajadores. Se observa que el teletrabajo es una tendencia en el actual escenario del mundo del trabajo. Si, por una parte, se propagan los beneficios a las empresas, a los trabajadores y a la sociedad, por otra, también existe una serie de riesgos implicados, en particular, en lo que respecta a la individualización del trabajo, que puede acarrear el aislamiento social, profesional y político de los trabajadores. ; A revisão de literatura sobre o teletrabalho – modalidade em que o trabalho é realizado remotamente, por meio de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) – indica diversas e díspares compreensões acerca desse tema. Apresentamos achados de pesquisa sobre essa modalidade, tratando das principais maneiras como tem sido aplicada na prática e das diferentes leituras da produção acadêmica. A partir dos resultados levantados, verifica-se a não unidade das conclusões: há desde entendimentos otimistas, que propagam apenas os supostos benefícios do teletrabalho, até leituras que o consideram um modo moderno de exploração dos trabalhadores. Verifica-se que o teletrabalho é uma tendência no atual cenário do mundo do trabalho. Se, por um lado, propagam-se os benefícios às empresas, aos trabalhadores e à sociedade, por outro, também existe uma série de riscos envolvidos, dizendo respeito, principalmente, à individualização do trabalho – que pode acarretar o isolamento social, profissional e político dos trabalhadores.
O presente artigo propõe uma análise de dois textos clássicos da Antiguidade grega,As Bacantesde Eurípedes e a República de Platão, à luz da teoria contemporânea degender performativityde Judith Butler. O conceito degender performativityserá apropriado para ilustrar analogamente, mesmo que de forma anacrônica, o quanto que o imaginário grego, apesar de temporalmente distante, pode nos apresentar – seja a partir do discurso filosófico, seja a partir do discurso literário da tragédia grega – bons exemplos para uma das teorias mais sofisticadas, diríamos, no campo dos estudos de gênero hoje. A proposta é a de mostrar de que modo o conteúdo desses dois textos nos permite compreender o debate contemporâneo da teoria crítica das identidades de gênero. Trata-se de identidades fixadas em atos performativos que conformam o gênero ao sexo anatômico, limitando-o a duas possibilidades: masculino ou feminino. Considerando o contexto histórico e as questões que são próprias do mundo grego antigo, a análise aqui proposta nos permitirá jogar luz, especialmente, nas estratégias que Platão e Eurípedes empreenderam no sentido de deslocar as normas de gênero constituídas napólis. O exame dos textos permitiu-nos identificar que na antiguidade, mas também na contemporaneidade, mesmo que de forma diferente, as discussões das relações de gênero estão ajustadas, principalmente, pelo discurso político a respeito dessas relações. ; The current article draws on Judith Butler's gender performativity theory to analyse two classical text of Greek Antiquity – theBacchaeby Euripides and TheRepublicby Plato. The concept of gender performativity will be used to illustrate analogously even anachronically, how much the Greek imaginary, in spite of being temporally distant, can fruitfully contribute to, what we would identify as one of the most sophisticated contemporary theories in contemporary gender studies, both as this imaginary emerges from the literary discourse of the tragedy or the discourse of philosophy. This will allow us to show how the two above mentioned texts can contribute to the contemporary debate on the critical theory of gender identity, as these are fixed in performative acts that make gender conform to anatomic sex, limiting gender to the two possibilities of masculine or feminine. Considering the historical context and the question that are specific to the world of Ancient Greece, our analysis will permit us to cast light, in particular, on the strategies that Plato and Euripides drew on to disrupt the gender norms of the polis. Examining the texts allows us to argue that in antiquity, as well as in the contemporary world, albeit in different ways, discussions of gender relations are fitted primarily by the political discourse regarding these relations.
O presente artigo propõe uma análise de dois textos clássicos da Antiguidade grega, As Bacantes de Eurípedes e a República de Platão, à luz da teoria contemporânea de gender performativity de Judith Butler. O conceito de gender performativity será apropriado para ilustrar analogamente, mesmo que de forma anacrônica, o quanto que o imaginário grego, apesar de temporalmente distante, pode nos apresentar – seja a partir do discurso filosófico, seja a partir do discurso literário da tragédia grega – bons exemplos para uma das teorias mais sofisticadas, diríamos, no campo dos estudos de gênero hoje. A proposta é a de mostrar de que modo o conteúdo desses dois textos nos permite compreender o debate contemporâneo da teoria crítica das identidades de gênero. Trata-se de identidades fixadas em atos performativos que conformam o gênero ao sexo anatômico, limitando-o a duas possibilidades: masculino ou feminino. Considerando o contexto histórico e as questões que são próprias do mundo grego antigo, a análise aqui proposta nos permitirá jogar luz, especialmente, nas estratégias que Platão e Eurípedes empreenderam no sentido de deslocar as normas de gênero constituídas na pólis. O exame dos textos permitiu-nos identificar que na antiguidade, mas também na contemporaneidade, mesmo que de forma diferente, as discussões das relações de gênero estão ajustadas, principalmente, pelo discurso político a respeito dessas relações. ; The current article draws on Judith Butler's gender performativity theory to analyse two classical text of Greek Antiquity – the Bacchae by Euripides and The Republic by Plato. The concept of gender performativity will be used to illustrate analogously even anachronically, how much the Greek imaginary, in spite of being temporally distant, can fruitfully contribute to, what we would identify as one of the most sophisticated contemporary theories in contemporary gender studies, both as this imaginary emerges from the literary discourse of the tragedy or the discourse of philosophy. This will allow us to show how the two above mentioned texts can contribute to the contemporary debate on the critical theory of gender identity, as these are fixed in performative acts that make gender conform to anatomic sex, limiting gender to the two possibilities of masculine or feminine. Considering the historical context and the question that are specific to the world of Ancient Greece, our analysis will permit us to cast light, in particular, on the strategies that Plato and Euripides drew on to disrupt the gender norms of the polis. Examining the texts allows us to argue that in antiquity, as well as in the contemporary world, albeit in different ways, discussions of gender relations are fitted primarily by the political discourse regarding these relations.
Context: With the growing denunciations of violence and injustices in the social relationship, inside and outside schools, education based on human rights is insurgent in the current system of teaching and learning. Using the concept of school as a process of scientific, social and political construction, we planned the teaching and learning process of chemical interactions using the art of graffiti as a playful activity. Objectives: Reflection on chemistry teaching beyond the concepts of natural sciences, but also towards social issues to promote an education that transfigures the traditional model established by the hegemonic power during Brazilian history. Design: We use an ethnographic case study as a method. Scenario and Participants: In this way, we chose to bring graffiti art to chemistry workshops, since the paints are fixed on urban walls through chemical interactions between substances, building images and/or protest phrases that make us rethink the injustices and inequalities existing in Brazilian society and to dialogue the emergence of this art in the black movement with the political aspects of Human Rights. Thirteen students enrolled in a state basic education high school in the city of Goiânia-GO, Brazil, joined the workshops on Human Rights, Graffiti and Chemistry. Eight graffiti artists also participated in the workshop for free. Data collection and analysis: We used transcripts of semi-structured interviews and video-recorded workshops to categorise the data, analysing them with the Descending Hierarchical Classification technique and the use of dendrograms performed by the Iramuteq Software. Results: We obtained categories that evidence the chemical understanding of the content of chemical interactions and the socio-political understanding of human rights, and seven drawings on graffiti murals that show this correlation. Conclusions: The transgression of morals and the empowerment of the subordinate promote playfulness in the individual or collective social visibility of individuals, enabling better assimilation of scientific and social content.
O objetivo desse artigo é descrever e analisar um tipo de discurso relativamente jovem: o discurso científico-político-empresarial, assim como mostrar exemplos dele em dois países, Brasil e Rússia. O artigo aborda o fenômeno do diálogo do discurso científico, na sociedade contemporânea, com outras esferas da atividade humana – a da política e a dos negócios, analisando assuntos pautados em dois fóruns de desenvolvimento econômico (em São Paulo e São Petersburgo). A pesquisa apoia-se nas ideias bakhtinianas sobre o diálogo e na análise discursiva e comparativa realizada pelo grupo CLESTHIA axe sens et discours da Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, em Paris. Um dos conceitos desenvolvidos por este grupo é o tertium comparationis (ou elemento de comparação), que é usado na análise deste trabalho. Os resultados apontam para a apropriação, por parte do discurso dos negócios, da autoridade conferida à ciência para validar práticas empresariais e, também, para a semelhança ideológica, fruto das relações produtivas globalizadas, que se estabeleceram nos dois países. ; The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze a relatively young type of discourse: scientific-political-business discourse and show examples of it in two countries, Brazil and Russia. The article discusses the phenomenon of the dialogue of scientific discourse in contemporary society with other spheres of human activity - those of politics and business - analyzing issues discussed in two forums of economic development (in São Paulo and St. Petersburg). The research is based on Bakhtinian ideas about dialogue and the discursive and comparative analysis carried out by CEDISCOR, the research group which is based in the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris. One of the concepts developed by this group is the tertium comparationis (or element of comparison), which is used in this analysis. The results point to the appropriation, by business discourse, of the authority given to science, which validates business practices and to the ideological similarity, fruit of the globalized productive relations, settled in both countries.
This is a brief overview of the career of the Canadian-born, American abstract expressionist painter Philip Guston. The discussion begins by contextualizing Guston's work within the era in art history in which he painted, with particular attention given to issues pertaining to the Cold War. Guston began as a social realist but gradually evolved into an abstract artist, a development which the article carefully tracks. Guston is presented as an artist who was particularly touched by the times in which he lived, as his work was informed by domestic & international issues as diverse as the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the Great Depression, the Spanish Civil War, the Second World War, & the Vietnam War. The discussion concludes with a summation of Guston's universal tragic sense. R. Young
What does psychoanalysis have to say about so many issues involving drugs, which far outpass the question of their use? Historical, clinical and political issues, as we could say. The purpose of this text is to discuss vicissitudes that pervade them. We do not only approach the "drug problem," but also think about how the presence of psychoanalysis can deal with certain discourses that can be found in this field and which are far from questioning the subject. Working with psychoanalysis is to take the death drive into account. It is to use a knowledge that allows us a treatment orientation that considers what is deadly in the use of drugs in drug addiction, highlighting the position of jouissance of the subject. It is, moreover, to question what is deadly in certain political directions that transform the subject into an object. ; O que a psicanálise tem a dizer sobre tantas questões que envolvem as drogas, que de longe ultrapassam a questão de seu uso? Questões, diríamos, históricas, clínicas e políticas. O objetivo desse texto é discutir vicissitudes que as perpassam. Não apenas nos acercarmos do "problema drogas", mas pensar como a presença da psicanálise pode fazer frente a determinados discursos que se presentificam nesse campo de atuação e que estão longe de pôr o sujeito em questão. Trabalhar com a psicanálise é levar em conta a pulsão de morte. É lançar mão de um saber que nos permite uma orientação de tratamento que leve em conta o que há de mortífero no uso de drogas nas toxicomanias, pondo em relevo a posição de gozo do sujeito. É, além disso, pôr em questão o que há de mortífero em determinados direcionamentos políticos que transformam o sujeito em objeto.
The author sits down with Krishna Menon to discuss 450 years of history in Portuguese India, as well as issues relating to modern-day Goa and contemporary India in general. Adapted from the source document.
This set of three interviews with professors from the European University Institute investigates the proposed European constitution from the perspective of academic thought. The interview with Yves Meny, political science professor & president of the European University Institute, covers the extent to which a political crisis exists in Europe, the controversy over admitting Turkey to the EU, and a variety of issues relating to the proposed constitution. The interview with Philippe Schmitter, professor emeritus, covers the question of political crisis in Europe, the ideal qualities of a constitution, & issues relating to establishing a single government for Europe. The interview with Bruno de Witte, professor of European Rights at European University Institute, covers the issue of political crisis, the nature of constitutions, & the processes by which constitutions are adopted. R. Young
This is a critical appraisal of the work of Albrecht Altdorfer, as seen within the context of his painting depicting Alexander the Great's victory at the Battle of Issus. While the case can certainly be made that Altdorfer is notable for being the first European painter to compose independent landscapes, he is every bit as notable for belonging to two distinct schools of painting simultaneously, the stylistically distinct schools of Flanders & Italy. After placing Altdorfer within these contexts, the article uses his Issus landscape as a springboard for a discussion of the nexus between art & politics in his work. The discussion concludes with an overview of the critical reception of Altdorfer's work through the centuries. R. Young
This article is dedicated to identifying and problematizing issues involving PopularEducation and the State, based on the analysis of research carried out in the field of Popular Education.The emergence of popular governments in Latin America, starting in the 2000s, produces changes in the way that Popular Education actors relate to the State, presenting new challenges and questions forthe subjects that make up this field. Based on this understanding, an in-depth study of doctoral theses iscarried out that present analyses focusing on Popular Education and the State, establishing somerelationship between them. The research selected works defended between the years 2000 and 2013, ingraduate programs in education of Brazilian universities, configuring itself as a contribution to a state ofthe art on the themes in question. It is a theoretical-bibliographic research based on a critical-dialecticaltheoretical approach. In general, it is possible to state that, in the studies analysed, the ability of PopularEducation, as a political-pedagogical practice, to contribute to the transformation of capitalist society isthe key issue that permeates all debates. The results of the research, among other elements, are theexistence of a dispute of meanings and objectives, with regard to Popular Education; the predominanceof the finding of shared responsibility in the execution or formulation of government policies andprograms, with regard to the relationship between Popular Education and the State; the concentrationof analyses on the impacts and implications that such shares bring to social and popular organizationsand movements. ; Este artigo se dedica a identificar e a problematizar questões envolvendo a EducaçãoPopular e o Estado, partindo da análise de pesquisas realizadas no campo da Educação Popular. Aemergência de governos populares na América Latina, a partir dos anos 2000, produz alterações naforma como os atores da Educação Popular se relacionam com o Estado, apresentando novos desafiose questões para os sujeitos que ...