Suchergebnisse

"All states must make decisions about how to regulate the treatment of animals. In this book, Alasdair Cochrane argues that this must go further. In order to ensure that their interests are taken seriously, it is imperative that we represent them throughout the political process - not only rights to protection, but also to democratic membership"--

Di sebagian besar Negara Islam, masyarakatnya selalu di­dominasi kaum laki-lakinya. Hal ini disebabkan sistem patrilinial yang dianut masyarakatnya. Di dalam kehidupan masyarakat seperti ini, hak-hak perempuan, termasuk hak untuk ber­partisipasi dalam politik sangat sedikit sekali memberikan hak ini kepada perempuan sebagai pemilik sejatinya. Padahal kalau perempuan diberikan hak berpolitik ini mereka akan mampu ikut menentukan kehidupan masyarakat bahkan ke­hidup­an berbangsa dan bernegara. Tulisan ini mendiskusikan hak politik perempuan dalam pandang­an Hukum Islam. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Islam sangat menjunjung tinggi hak-hak perempuan. Sebagai­mana patnernya kaum laki-laki, perempuan pun memiliki hak untuk memainkan peran public, termasuk dalam ranah politik.

Hernadi AffandiAbstrakThis paper highlights the regulation of political rights of civil servants (PNS) in Indonesia based on the 1945 Indonesian Constituions. Political rights are part of human rights that shall be guarded and protected by the State in the form of legislation ranging from constitution to its implementing regulations. The presence of regulation is substantial for safeguarding the existence and implementing political rights possessed by citizens, including civil servants. However, in practice there are restrictions by the lawmaker towards the political rights of the civil servants in Indonesia. In this regard, this paper attempts to highlight two issues: first, the position of civil servants in Indonesia in the 1945 Indonesian Constitution; second, the regulation of the political rights of civil servants in the implementing regulations of the 1945 Indonesian Constituion.Keywords: political rights, human rights, civil servants, 1945 Indonesian Constitution, implementing regulation. Pengaturan Hak Politik Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Indonesia AbstrakTulisan ini menyoroti pengaturan hak Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 (UUD 1945). Hak politik merupakan bagian dari hak asasi manusia (HAM) yang harus dijaga dan dilindungi negara dalam bentuk pengaturan perundang-undangan mulai dari undang-undang dasar sampai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan pelaksananya. Kehadiran peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut menjadi penting agar keberadaan maupun pelaksanaan hak politik yang dimiliki warga negara, termasuk PNS, dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Dalam praktiknya, terdapat pembatasan yang dilakukan oleh pembentuk undang-undang terhadap hak politik PNS di Indonesia. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, tulisan ini mencoba menyoroti dua persoalan: pertama, kedudukan PNS di Indonesia dalam UUD 1945; kedua, pengaturan hak politik PNS dalam peraturan perundang-undangan pelaksana UUD 1945.Kata kunci: hak politik, hak asasi manusia, pegawai negeri sipil, UUD 1945, peraturan perundang-undangan. ; AbstractThis paper highlights the regulation of political rights of civil servants (PNS) in Indonesia based on the 1945 Indonesian Constitution. Political rights are part of human rights that shall be guarded and protected by the State in the form of legislation ranging from constitution to its implementing regulations. The presence of regulation is substantial for safeguarding the existence and implementing political rights possessed by citizens, including civil servants. However, in practice there are restrictions by the lawmaker towards the political rights of the civil servants in Indonesia. In this regard, this paper attempts to highlight two issues: first, the position of civil servants in Indonesia in the 1945 Indonesian Constitution; second, the regulation of the political rights of civil servants in the implementing regulations of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution.Keywords: political rights, human rights, civil servants, 1945 Indonesian Constitution, implementing regulation. Pengaturan Hak Politik Pegawai Negeri Sipil di IndonesiaAbstrakTulisan ini menyoroti pengaturan hak Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 (UUD 1945). Hak politik merupakan bagian dari hak asasi manusia (HAM) yang harus dijaga dan dilindungi negara dalam bentuk pengaturan perundang-undangan mulai dari undang-undang dasar sampai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan pelaksananya. Kehadiran peraturan perundangundangan tersebut menjadi penting agar keberadaan maupun pelaksanaan hak politik yang dimiliki warga negara, termasuk PNS, dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Dalam praktiknya, terdapat pembatasan yang dilakukan oleh pembentuk undang-undang terhadap hak politik PNS di Indonesia. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, tulisan ini mencoba menyoroti dua persoalan: pertama, kedudukan PNS di Indonesia dalam UUD 1945; kedua, pengaturan hak politik PNS dalam peraturan perundang-undangan pelaksana UUD 1945.Kata Kunci: hak politik, hak asasi manusia, pegawai negeri sipil, UUD 1945, peraturan perundang-undangan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v1n3.a6

This paper tests the implication of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem that capital-poor individuals prefer more trade openness in poor (capital-scarce) countries and less trade in rich (labor-scarce) countries, by using a broad panel of countries and new exogenous determinants of trade openness. According to the seminal work in Mayer (1984), capital-poor individuals prefer more trade openness in poor (capital-scarce) countries and less trade openness in rich (labor-scarce) countries. We use the level of political rights as a proxy for the relative capital labor endowment of the median voter so that an increase in political rights should have asymmetric effects in poor and rich countries: an increase in political rights should lead to more openness in capital poor countries and less openness in capital rich countries. Our results show that, while both income per capita and political rights are positively associated with import intensity, their interaction has a negative and very robust negative association with openness. Increases in political rights lead to sizeable decreases in import intensity after a given income per capita threshold has been surpassed. Our results are robust to the inclusion of structural, geography and cultural determinants of openness, different estimation methods and different proxies for country endowments. ; N/A

Parliamentary threshold or political party threshold to occupy the people's representatives in parliament is a provision that has been regulated in the law. Article 414 paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections regulates the existence of a parliamentary threshold. This means that the parliamentary threshold is legal. Especially based on legal considerations of the Constitutional Court in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 3 / PUU-VII / 2009 and Constitutional Court Decision Number 20/PUU-XVI/2018, the parliamentary threshold is an open legal policy so that it can be said to be constitutional. But in reality the application of the parliamentary threshold limits political rights. The limitation of political rights occurs to participants and voters in the General Election