Intersecting Anglo-German networks in popular science and their functions in the late nineteenth century
In: Anglo-German scholarly networks in the long nineteenth century., S. 65-83
In: Anglo-German scholarly networks in the long nineteenth century., S. 65-83
In: Anglo-German Scholarly Networks in the Long Nineteenth Century, S. 63-83
In: To Seek Out New Worlds, S. 1-27
In: Anthropologies of Modernity, S. 133-157
In: ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY; ORGANIZATIONS AND STRATEGIES IN ASTRONOMY VOLUME 7, S. 439-448
Describes the content of an honor's colloquium titled "Gender, Authority, & the Politics of Representation in Science & Art," which was designed to challenge traditional science-art & nature-culture dichotomies. Issues addressed in the course include such questions as how authority is established in science & art; how nature has been gendered in both disciplines; how popular views of science are commingled with artistic conventions; the impact on art/science of political & economic hierarchies; & "feminist" epistemologies/ethics/strategies. Examples from popular culture, including various artistic renderings of the novel Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley, are used to emphasize the complex interconnections between reconfigurations of the science-art & nature-culture divides. Academic texts used as supplementary critical frames are identified to demonstrate the precarious construction of masculine-feminine & subject-object positions in both science & art. The pedagogical method used for the course is discussed, & a list of course topics & readings is included. 19 References. J. Lindroth
In: Communication Management: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, S. 329-343
The EU's scientific potential is increasingly flowing into the world of new scientific knowledge. The object of this paper is the communication interpretation of the Open Science policy, covering not only access and storage of scientific information and preservation of scientific information, but communication aspects also. Purpose of the study: Establish modern trends in the scientific ecosystem oriented towards facilitating the publication and communication of scientific results. Tasks of the study: Compare new solutions in science communication models in the most popular platforms, and explore what is the alternative to traditional scientific journals. Methodology/approach: The qualitative systematic review (qualitative evidence synthesis), scientific criticism of sociological surveys, methods of analytic and synthetic processing of primary and secondary resources, secondary data analysis and overview of scientific publications available in the libraries worldwide, have been used to obtain data about the impact of new EU solutions: the European Road Map for development of the European Research Area (ERA), the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, etc. A comparative analysis of innovation in publishing platforms was conducted with special attention to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Gates Open Research platform. Results: The creators of the Gates Open Research platform defend the view of the rapid and socially beneficial effect of new and publicly-accepted scientific knowledge. The cutting-edge solutions are: transfer power from the hands of editors to the hands of the authors; minimize barriers or gatekeepers on the path of the new scientific outcome for society; assessment of the research not in view of the venue of publication but on the basis of the intrinsic value of the completed study; minimize the funds invested in publishing and dissemination. Implications: The conclusions can be important in identifying technological and ideological regularities for optimizing the model of scientific publications and increasing the speed and visibility of any scientific news.
An examination of antiracism among whites in the US, 1865-1900. It is argued that the rejection of racism by whites is an important aspect of US history & provides powerful ammunition for present-day egalitarian arguments. Evidence of white antiracism is traced from the weekly newspaper Nation, to French scientist A. De Quatrefages's assertion that there is only one species of man in the influential Popular Science Monthly (1972). Also discussed is the antiracist rhetoric & practice of the American Federation of Labor, as well as the antiracist positions of Marxists. It is readily acknowledged that the antiracist movement was primarily an African-American one, but white resistance to racism deserves study. 38 References. M. Greenberg
In: Die Natur der Gesellschaft: Verhandlungen des 33. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Kassel 2006. Teilbd. 1 u. 2, S. 5431-5445
"Mit den fragwürdigen Arbeiten des Koreaners Hwang et al. erfuhr erstmals seit langem wieder ein Fall wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens breite öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit in fast allen nationalen und internationalen Medien. Oftmals stellten Berichterstatter dabei auch die Vertrauensfrage an das System Wissenschaft, dessen Kontrollmechanismen wurden angezweifelt. In der Vergangenheit galt die Berichterstattung der Medien über wissenschaftliches Fehlverhalten für Wissenschaftler keineswegs als selbstverständlich. Insbesondere die (Un-)Zulässigkeit einer Verdachtsberichterstattung ist bis heute umstritten. In dem Beitrag wird daher untersucht, ob dem Journalismus für dieses Berichterstattungsfeld - so selbstverständlich wie in der Demokratie beispielsweise dem Politikjournalismus - eine Kontrollaufgabe zugewiesen werden kann. Daran schließt sich die Frage an, ob angesichts einer propagierten 'Selbstkontrolle der Wissenschaft' besondere Regeln bei der Wahrnehmung einer solchen Kontrollaufgabe gelten sollten. In einem zweiten Teil wird anhand der Berichterstattungsmuster einiger populär gewordener Fälle aus Naturwissenschaft und Medizin (Herrmann et al., Schön et al.) ebenso wie einiger nur mit wenig Medienöffentlichkeit begleiteten 'kleinen' Fälle diskutiert, welche besonderen Anforderungen diese Form der Berichterstattung an einen Journalisten stellt und ob er diesen gerecht werden kann. Der beobachtbare Trend vom Wissenschaftsjournalismus zum alltagszentrierten Wissensjournalismus ('Nutzwert-News' und 'Staun-TV') liefert den Hintergrund für zwei weitere diskussionswürdige Fragen: 1. Inwieweit haben die Medien tatsächlich 'die Funktion der öffentlichen Kontrolle betrügerischen Verhaltens in der Wissenschaft schon längst übernommen' (Weingart 2003)? 2. Sind die Medien künftig für eine solche Aufgabe strukturell ausreichend vorbereitet oder wo besteht Handlungsbedarf?" (Autorenreferat)
In: Algorithms and Communication, S. 95-133
This article discusses aspects of future research in communication sciences related to a popular and omnipresent artefact of algorithmic machines, social robots. Social robots are defined in this article as physical entities or machines, which may resemble a human being or animal and are able to replicate certain human or life-like movements and functions. Experts predict that robots, just like AI, will replace a significant number of jobs in the near future, including non-industrial jobs such as robots working in offices or the service industry alongside human 'co-workers' (Brookfield Institute, 2016; Ford, 2015; Gunkel, 2018). Likewise, we may find more robots in our private lives, for example, replacing human care workers (Ishiguro, 2018; McGinn et al., 2020). Overall, the field of robotics, and particularly social robots, offers a broad range of research opportunities and exigencies for communication scientists. The aim of this conceptual paper is to provide a framework for the discussion of algorithms, social robots and communication sciences.
Analyzes the role of the US as the leader in the social, economic, & cultural globalization of the rest of the world, not only via the transmission of popular culture commodities & consumption patterns, but through the spread of evangelical religion, politics, business practices, & philanthropic ventures. The ideologies underlying the programmatic & organizational missions of US-based leaders in the "cultural infrastructure" are outlined, & their views on its global spread are summarized, drawing on data obtained via interviews with key executives & players in 23 transnational organizations & corporations. Despite differences in their views on the effects of global capitalism & some key ideological tensions, basic similarities in their attitudes, values, & social practices related to globalization are revealed; their use of specific "vocabularies of global speak" derived from the discourses of the social sciences, human rights, multiculturalism, & the market is highlighted. It is concluded that these elites endorse a new kind of "parochial cosmopolitanism" with regard to globalization & the new world order. K. Hyatt Stewart
An associate professor in the Dept of Biology at Bates Coll (Lewiston, ME) describes the development & teaching of an unconventional undergraduate course, titled "Life, Sex, & Cells," that addresses current understandings of the evolution & consequences of sex. As an introductory course in both biology & women's studies, the class encourages students to look at issues of sex & reproduction for the purpose of questioning how science is done; how it is manipulated by popular culture; & how culture influences the assumptions, methods, & conclusions of scientists. The personal journey that led to designing the course is related, along with the transformative impact the class has had on both students & teacher. A detailed description of the course's framework & methods uses selected examples of course content to illustrate key themes such as multiple/diverse meanings of sex, reproduction, & gender, along with critical analyses of scientific content. The advantages of participatory learning methods are discussed. 10 References. J. Lindroth
In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web 2014, S. 553-554
Since food is one of the central elements of all human beings, a high interest exists in exploring temporal and spatial food and dietary patterns of humans. Predominantly, data for such investigations stem from consumer panels which continuously capture food consumption patterns from individuals and households. In this work we leverage data from a large online recipe platform which is frequently used in the German speaking regions in Europe and explore (i) the association between geographic proximity and shared food preferences and (ii) to what extent temporal information helps to predict the food preferences of users. Our results reveal that online food preferences of geographically closer regions are more similar than those of distant ones and show that specific types of ingredients are more popular on specific days of the week. The observed patterns can successfully be mapped to known real-world patterns which suggests that existing methods for the investigation of dietary and food patterns (e.g., consumer panels) may benefit from incorporating the vast amount of data generated by users browsing recipes on the Web.
The literature of the last decade in the field of critical white studies has expanded from challenges to white supremacy by male social scientists of color to expositions of institutionalized racism in literature, philosophy, communications, & the media. White studies has also entered formerly uncharted arenas such as racial ideology, relations between race & social control, whiteness as identity, & the legal construction of whiteness in the US. Women's studies has injected white patriarchy into analyses of white privilege, while the multicultural education movement that emerged in the 1980s introduced a focus on the complexity of relationships among African Americans, Latino/as, Asian Americans, & whites. The intersections between intellectual movements of cultural studies, critical communication studies, & semiotics are examined. It is contended here that most public/popular discourse is still framed in white-nonwhite terms, making it essential to understand how communication about whiteness is embedded in the social fabric to begin the process of destabilizing whiteness as an identity & ideology. Bibliog, 34 References. J. Lindroth
An introductory chapter traces changes in scholarly conceptions of totalitarianism, noting the totalitarian approach's fall from favor in the 1960s, & its increased popularity following the 1989-1991 downfall of communist systems in Eastern Europe. Distinct phases of the evolution of communist systems are described, noting the backward shift toward decreasing repression. The origins & evaluative aspects of the totalitarian paradigm are explored, along with some of its foremost concepts, including Carl Joachim Friedrich & Zbigniew K. Brzezinski's (1956) notion of totalitarian dictatorships that was popular during the Cold War. Cognitive aspects of disputes surrounding the downfall of European communist systems are addressed. The contributors use multidisciplinary perspectives to reevaluate the cognitive potential of the totalitarian approach. Five of the essays explore recent controversies over the concept of totalitarianism in the social sciences & history, while the others focus on reassessing/reinterpreting classic conceptions of totalitarianism. The book sheds light on the influence of earlier approaches on later ones, & suggests multiple directions for future research. J. Lindroth