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Looks at the post-modern and post-historical world of Jean Baudrillard and George Lipsitz. Argues that whilst Baudrillard despaired too early, his work still elucidates society. (SJK)

The era of enlightenment is known as "mother of modernityâ€. It has promoted human rationality, scientific development, and human supremacy and paves the way for the decline of religious understanding of the society. The rise of human rationality, materialization of industry, invention of printing press and rising trend of democratic principle, emerging market economy and technological development are characterised as modernity. The idea of modernity is first stage of human era where human beings were treated as supreme authority of their spheres. With modernity, the concept of nation/state emerged which has the credit to organise the world, promote the rights of the individuals and pay its emphasis on the construction of the democratic society, participatory politics and free individuals. But modernity is criticised by scholars like Perry Anderson, who argue that modernity has actually created another layer and made society absolute. It has inserted empirical documentation and rejected the persons' observation, including local reality. With these critiques, post-modernity emerged which has questioned the foundation of modernity. It advocated for 'bottom to approach' unlike modernity. The main objective of this paper to analysed the main tenets of modernity and discuss the actual principle of post-modernity. This analytical paper concludes with the major critics of post-modernity by taking the author's understanding about modernity and post-modernity.

Douglass reviews 'Political Theory, Modernity and Post-Modernity' by N. J. Rengger.

1)-Today's idea of a cultural "Globalisation" represents a concept mainly coined in a network of strong political interests oriented to the effective cultural control all over the planet. Though seldom avowed, nevertheless we could easily gather some sound statements that seem to confirm the correctness of this interpretation. (-Jameson-Leach-Argan- Said –Maalouf-). 2)-Particularly in architectural fields a skilful stratagem underlying the reasoning that supports the idea of a Globalisation, is the ambiguous way of understanding the historical periods considered , and designations employed, so I think useful to reorganise all of them, in order to rid away almost every ambiguity(-Le Goff- Nesbit-Eisenman- Betts-) 3)- Specially some designations like "Modern Movement" that covers different things, what has been already recognised as being an "ambiguous umbrella", allows every interpretation and sustains every conclusion.(Nesbit ) 4)-So in a concrete way I am proposing the need to reed the evolution from the XV century until XX century, divided in two main Modernity's, (?) that I suppose more warrant then others because they are settled mainly in social-economic fields. 5)-The first one to be considered, covers all the period from the Renaissance until the end of XX century, and it is the Macro Paradigm of Anthropological Modernity. 6)-It includes the Minor Paradigm of Sociological Modernity that is a more specific one and comes with peculiar problems implied by the Industrial Revolution. 7)-They both include several main periods and some other micro periods like modernism and post-modernism which are precisely that: movements totally integrated on the Great Paradigms considered before. 8)-Nevertheless, XXI century witnesses to the birth of Post Modernity, which corresponds to another Macro Paradigm, that splits out all principles structuring the Paradigms existent until then. This means a new cultural and political consciousness spread all over the world. 9)- Trying to be aware of this new demanding era is perhaps the first step, a big one I think, to oppose the idea of a procrustean and sterilising "Globalisation". ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A radical form of postmodernity is presented with reference to Nietzsche's ideas with respect to truth, knowledge, sciences, progress, democracy, and ethical values in general. Thereafter is presented Foucault's archaeology of knowledge. This brings us forward to the notion of genealogy, which is a defining idea for the postmodern conception of critique. However, it is emphasised that a critique can address the generativity of mathematical rationality by considering mathematics-based fabrications. Finally, imagination is presented as yet another feature of a critical enterprise. It is illustrated how such a three dimensional critical enterprise is relevant for both mathematics and mathematics education. In this way the paper suggests moving beyond the postmodern outlook.

The conflict between the views of Jurgen Habermas & Jean-Francois Lyotard is explored through a reading of Lyotard's The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (Bennington, Geoff, & Massumi, Brian [Trs], Minneapolis, 1984) & of Habermas's "The Entwinement of Myth and Enlightenment: Re-Reading Dialectic of Enlightenment" (see SA 31:4/83N3621). Where Habermas seeks a generalization of Sigmund Freud's & Karl Marx's concerns, Lyotard offers a critique of modernism that applies to Freud, Marx, & by extension Habermas. Habermas in turn criticizes this approach as neoconservative & offering no theoretical basis for preferring one social direction to another. An attempt is made to find an intermediate position that avoids the errors of both extremes. W. H. Stoddard.

Cover -- Haft Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Table of Contents -- 1 The Problem of Jurisprudence, or Telling the Truth of Law: an entry into recurring questions? -- The scope of jurisprudence, or what is involved in asking 'what is law'? -- The need for reflexivity? -- Legal positivism as the dominant tradition in the jurisprudence of modernity -- Although legal positivism has dominated modern perspectives there is currently a post-positivist plurity of perspectives: this is the problem of asking the law question in post-modernity