Suchergebnisse

This paper aims to identify the presence of energy poverty in Ecuador. Three indicators proposed by the European Union Energy Poverty Observatory (EPOV) are used to construct a multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) based on measure conditions associated with energy poverty, in areas related to delays in the payment of electricity bills, disproportionate expenses, hidden energy poverty, and the 10% Boardman (1991) rule. The information comes from the Ecuatorian Life Conditions Survey. The results show that energy poverty is present in Ecuadorian households, at the national level, and just as these indicators have restrictions, advantages and disadvantages, which demand decisions about the choice of their use.

El artículo revisa el proceso de estratificación ocupacional de jóvenes de hogares rurales que han sido beneficiarios del programa Oportunidades por hasta diez años. Con Oportunidades, el gobierno mexicano ha buscado reducir la transmisión intergeneracional de la pobreza mediante la promoción del capital humano y así mejorar la inserción laboral de los descendientes de familias en pobreza extrema. Con base en información estadística y la aplicación de modelos de análisis de trayectorias, se analiza la relación entre distintos factores adscritos y meritocráticos en el proceso de logro ocupacional. Se concluye que la educación es el factor que más incide sobre el estatus de estos jóvenes en el mercado de trabajo, pero que los factores relacionados con su origen social tienen, en su conjunto, un efecto de magnitud semejante. Asimismo, se observan diferencias por sexo y condición de migración que resaltan la importancia de las características del contexto y de los mercados laborales. Los resultados sustentan que la educación es un elemento clave para impulsar la movilidad intergeneracional de este sector, por lo cual se deberá prestar atención a políticas educativas que garanticen el acceso a educación de calidad en todos los niveles para la población que vive en pobreza. No obstante, esto por si sólo sería insuficiente. Se requieren, además, acciones de política en otros frentes que logren reducir la asociación entre los orígenes y destinos sociales de los mexicanos.

This paper aims to identify the presence of energy poverty in Ecuador. Three indicators proposed by the European Union Energy Poverty Observatory (EPOV) are used to construct a multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) based on measure conditions associated with energy poverty, in areas related to delays in the payment of electricity bills, disproportionate expenses, hidden energy poverty, and the 10% Boardman (1991) rule. The information comes from the Ecuatorian Life Conditions Survey. The results show that energy poverty is present in Ecuadorian households, at the national level, and just as these indicators have restrictions, advantages and disadvantages, which demand decisions about the choice of their use.

"This paper presents the poverty analysis of the 1997 98 Malawi Integrated Household Survey. The analysis developed basic needs poverty lines, using consumption-based measures of welfare to classify households and individuals as poor and nonpoor. Because consumption data were not of uniform quality across sample households, the analysis made adjustments to derive a more accurate assessment of the incidence of poverty across the country. The analysis provides poverty and inequality estimates for Malawi's population. About 65 percent were unable to meet their basic needs, and poverty was deep and pervasive. The distribution of household welfare was loosely examined within the context of the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy to guide government action in helping poor households improve their own well-being." -- Authors' Abstract ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; FCND

The German Sociologist Ulrich Beck is best known for his book "Risk Society" which has been discussed extensively; however Beck's claims about modern poverty have not received the same attention among poverty researchers. The individualization perspective views poverty as a relatively transient phenomenon and the democratization perspective views the risk of poverty as spread equally in the population. Both perspectives challenge the mainstream tradition of class analysis, and therefore both view poverty as largely independent of traditional stratification factors. In this article, I argue that Beck's thesis about the individualization and democratization of poverty is based on narrow income based definitions and that (possible) empirical verification depends on the definitions of poverty and approaches used to examine poverty. My analyses show that the dynamic perspective (using income as measure of poverty) largely supports the democratization of poverty. But my other analyses of relative poverty and social exclusion do not support Beck's argument.

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of poverty in India. It shows that regardless of which of the two official poverty lines we use, we see a steady decline in poverty in all states and for all social and religious groups.Accelerated growth between fiscal years 2004–2005 and 2009–2010 also led to an accelerated decline in poverty rates. Moreover, the decline in poverty rates during these years has been sharper for the socially disadvantaged groups relative to upper caste groups so that we now observe a narrowing of the gap in the poverty rates between the two sets of social groups. The paper also provides a discussion of the recent controversies in India regarding the choice of poverty lines.